X-RAY MICROANALYSIS IN CELL BIOLOGY AND CELL PATHOLOGY

Electron probe X-ray microanalysis has been used for the last 25 years by biologists to obtain information about the distribution of elements at the cell and tissue level. During this period, progress has mainly been made through the development of more adequate techniques for specimen preparation (mainly low temperature techniques) and quantitative analysis, so that accurate analysis of the physiologically important cellular ions can be carried out. Use ofin vitrosystems and cell cultures may further increase the number of problems to which X-ray microanalysis can be applied. Among the numerous applications of X-ray microanalysis in cell biology and cell pathology, applications in the areas of epithelial ion transport, the role of calcium in secretory and contractile cells, and the role of ions in cell proliferation and cancer are discussed in more detail.     

进化细胞生物学的提出及其任务

作者提出应创建一门源于进化生物学与细胞生物学两者的交叉学科一进化细胞生物学(细胞的进化生物学)。其根本任务在于用进化的观点考察真核细胞的一切方面,从它们的起源和演化来认识它们的现在。文中列举了其具体的研究内容,并分析了其研究方法上的特点,指出在这里需要把进化生物学的综合性分析与细胞生物学的实验研究最紧密地结合起来。文中还论述了真核细胞的细胞器的“不进化”现象,指出其根本原因在于进化焦点的转移。     

植物实验生殖生物学与生殖细胞工程:现在与未来

植物实验生殖生物学是植物实验胚胎学发展的新阶段,其主要特征为操作技术水平的提高与多学科综合性研究的加强。花粉原生质体、生殖细胞、精子,胚囊、卵细胞的操作、雌雄配子体外融合、配子-体细胞杂交等,代表了当前的主要研究趋势。实验生殖生物学与基因工程相结合,开辟了植物生殖工程新技术领域的前景。对生殖工程的意义与内容提出了轮廓设想。     

Where the World Looks for the Best Works on CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

NEW Stem Cell Transplantation Biology, Processes, Therapy ANTHONY DICK HO, University of Heidelberg, Germany, RONALD HOFFMANN, University of Illinois, USA and ESMAIL D. ZANJANI, University of Nevada, Reno, USA This title describes recent developments in stem cell research and its applications in regenerative medicine. The editors of Stem Cell Transplantation: Biology,     

EXPERIMENTAL PLANT REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVE CELL MANIPULATION IN HIGHER PLANTS: NOW AND THE FUTURE

Experimental plant reproductive biology has recently emerged as a new form of experimental embryology characterized by the direct experimental isolation and manipulation of reproductive cells and protoplasts. This work is fostered by current multidisciplinary trends in the sciences and serves to deepen our knowledge about the control of reproductive processes by providing novel in vitro material. The techniques of experimental plant reproductive biology also show great potential in providing new means for biotechnology, leading to significant refinements in plant breeding in higher plants that may eventually permit direct reproductive cell engineering. Recent achievements by our research group in experimental manipulation and biological studies of pollen protoplasts, generative cells, sperm cells, and embryo sacs are reviewed, and some ideas about future developments in this new area are presented.     

人肝癌细胞株H9101的建立及其细胞生物学特性研究

从厦门市肝癌高发的同安地区肝癌病人肝癌组织建立了人原发性肝细胞癌细胞系H9101.它生长迅速,群体倍增时间平均为38小时,对小牛血清的依赖性较低(1%).体外培养的H9101细胞贴壁生长,扫描和透射电镜下见细胞有丰富细长微绒毛.H9101细胞具有较高的软琼脂克隆形成率(1/200细胞)和裸鼠异种移植成瘤能力(100%).瘤细胞在ConA处理后呈较强的凝集性,在ConA 50ug/ml和100μg/ml时细胞凝集率分别为61%和92%.瘤细胞分泌微量的AFP,用1%DMSO和1.5×10-5mol/L地塞米松处理10天后上升到(140ng/ml/1×105细胞/24小时),且HBsAg转呈阳性.H9101细胞γ-谷氨酰转肽酶活性达5.42U±0.11U/mg,酪氨酸α酮戊二酸转肽酶活性达14.24U±1.50U/mg,与正常人肝细胞者相比差异显著(分别为P＜0.001和P＜0.01).H9101细胞染色体数为非整倍体,众数分布在52条-82条,具人类细胞染色体特征,其DNA经PCR扩增显示HBV DNA特异性条带.H9101细胞具端粒酶活性,是细胞连续传代和建系的保证;它恶性程度高、整合HBVDNA和具人肝细胞癌生物学基本特征,可为肝癌分子生物学研究提供有价值的实验材料.     

紊流扰动对水华鱼腥藻细胞生理的影响

正三峡水库成库以来,支流回水区频繁出现水华现象,成为近10年来我国水库生态学领域研究热点~([1])。水流条件是水华形成的主要诱导因素之一~([2]),合适的流速条件能给藻类生长营造有利的外部环境~([3])。温度、光照和营养盐是影响藻类生长的重要环境因子,在自然水体中随着深度的变化而变化~([4])。普遍认为,紊流扰动通过改变藻类在水体中的相对位置和分布,从而改变藻类生长的     

CELL ADHESION MOLECULES: A UNIFYING APPROACH TO TOPOGRAPHIC BIOLOGY

Cell adhesion molecules are pivotal to the development and maintenance of tissue structure in metazoan organisms. In mammals, several families of proteins are involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion. The cadherins are homophilic, primary CAMs, involved in the establishment of boundaries between cell collectives early in embryogenesis. The Ig gene superfamily have diversified widely, with homophilic and heterophilic CAMs and antigen recognition molecules amongst the members. The Integrin family play an important role in binding to extracellular matrix, as well as counter-receptors on the surface of other cells. The Selectin family and HCAM are carbohydrate-binding proteins, and play a prominent role in the circulation of lymphocytes and neoplastic cells. CAMs are fundamental to development of tissue structure in metazoan organisms. Cellular differentiation dictates adherence to a specific microenvironment, through the pattern of surface CAM expression. Conversely, CAM binding can affect gene expression within the cell itself. Cell differentiation and cell adhesion are interdependent processes. In the adult, CAM are crucial to tissue maintenance. Cells frequently change their adhesive properties in response to physiological or pathological processes. The integrity of the vascular system is maintained by circulating platelets which are capable of rapid upregulation of cell adhesion and profound changes in metabolism, on contact with subendothelial matrix. Both endothelial cells and neutrophils undergo changes in CAM expression in response to inflammatory mediators, permitting rapid and appropriate recruitment of phagocytes to damaged tissue. Tissue repair is dependent on phenotypic changes in normally static cells, allowing increased motility and replication. The immune system requires constitutive cells to undergo multiple complex adhesion and detachment events over short periods of time, and is capable of discriminating normal self from aberrant-self or non-self, through antigen specific recognition and adhesion molecules. The pathophysiology of processes such as infection and neoplasia are profoundly affected by cellular CAM expression. CAMs and related molecules are fundamental to the development, maintenance and surveillance of tissue structure.     

荧光显微术在当代植物细胞生物学研究中的应用

自从八十年前第一次在显微镜下观察到生物组织经紫外线照射后发射荧光的现象以来,荧光显微术不断获得进步,现已发展成细胞生物学中一个重要的研究手段。高度的灵敏性和专一性、制样与观察程序的简便、尤其是适宜于活细胞研究等特点,是它所具有的独特长处。荧光显微术特别是免疫荧光技术在现代医学生物学研究中的应用是一个