中国山西省大型木材腐朽菌多样性研究（英文）

2004–2016年对山西省8个保护区和森林公园天然林中的木材腐朽菌进行了真菌资源调查,共采集木生真菌标本1 000余号,基于对这些标本的研究,鉴定出木生真菌160种,分属于77个属,38个种为山西省首次报道。此外Antrodiella onychoides和Phlebiopsis pilatii为中国新记录种,本文提供了这2个种的详细描述、ITS序列和n LSU序列。     

中国河南省木材腐朽菌研究

对河南省6个天然林的木材腐朽菌进行了真菌资源调查,采集800号标本,基于对这些标本的研究,鉴定出木牛真菌183种,分属于75个属,其中56种为河南省首次报道.     

华东地区木腐菌研究7. 黄山多孔菌研究

在对安徽黄山木生多孔菌调查过程中,共采集到约200号标本,经鉴定共有多孔菌85种,列出了这些多孔菌的名录,并提供了每种的寄主和采集号。其中红黄角蜡孔菌Ceriporia aurantiocarnescens和硫色蜡孔菌C. sulphuricolor为中国新记录种,对其进行了详细的描述和显微结构绘图。     

广东车八岭自然保护区多孔菌研究

在对广东车八岭自然保护区木生多孔菌调查过程中,共采集到约350号标本,经鉴定共有多孔菌103种,本文列出了这些多孔菌的名录,并提供了每种的寄主和采集号。其中小层孔菌属Fomitella是中国新记录属,灰孔小层孔菌Fomitella fumosipora和稻黄多年卧孔菌Perenniporia straminea为中国新记录种,我们对其进行了详细的描述和显微结构绘图。     

东喜马拉雅山地区木材腐朽菌研究4. 云南高黎贡山地区山的木材腐朽菌

对云南高黎贡山地区进行了3次木材腐朽菌调查,共采集到约410号标本,经鉴定共有木材腐朽菌128种,列出了这些种类的名录,并提供了每种的寄主和其他采集信息。其中保山小集毛孔菌Coltriciella baoshanensis为新种,其主要特征是担子果盖形或平伏反转,孔口较大(1–3个/mm),担孢子广椭圆形,只生长在栲属树木上,对其进行了详细的描述和显微结构绘图。     

大型担子菌中二萜化合物生物合成研究进展

大型担子菌分布广泛,种类繁多,它们是重要的食药用资源的宝库。萜类化合物是其主要活性成分之一,包括倍半萜、二萜和三萜等,这些化合物具有预防、缓解或治疗癌症、抑郁症、糖尿病和高脂血症等多种疾病的功效。目前,从担子菌中分离出的二萜类化合物基本骨架结构特征主要为鸟巢烷(cyathanes)型、截短侧耳素(pleuromutilins)型、guanacastanes型、海松烷(pimaranes)型、松香烷(abietanes)型和毛皮伞烷(crinipellins)型6大类型。本文综述了担子菌中二萜类化合物的结构特点、生物活性和生物合成的研究进展,对参与担子菌中二萜化合物生物合成的二萜合成酶进行了分类,对两种重要的二萜化合物生物合成途径进行了系统总结和论述。本文将为未知二萜化合物生物合成途径及关键基因功能解析提供参考。     

中国大型担子菌受威胁现状评估

基于文献和标本信息以及专家提供的数据, 依据中国大型真菌评估的标准和程序, 对中国范围内已知大型担子菌进行了受威胁状态评估。结果显示, 在评估的6,268种担子菌中, 受威胁(疑似灭绝、极危、濒危、易危)的物种有45种, 受威胁比例为0.72%。受威胁的大型担子菌物种中食药用菌比例达1/3以上, 且大部分物种仍无法人工栽培, 主要依赖野生资源。我国受威胁担子菌主要集中分布在西南和东北地区。人类活动导致的物种栖息地萎缩和破坏是我国大型担子菌受威胁的首要因子, 过度采挖是食药用菌受威胁的重要原因。此外, 数据不足的大型担子菌共4,251种, 占被评估大型担子菌总数的67.82%, 表明我国大型担子菌物种多样性及相关研究还存在不足。     

海洋来源担子菌产葡萄糖氧化酶发酵条件优化

为提高从大连渤海海域海泥中筛选到的菌株Basidioascus sp. LG-31产低温葡萄糖氧化酶活性性,对菌株Basidioascus sp.LG-31进行了单因素发酵条件优化,结果表明,菌株Basidioascus sp.LG-31产低温葡萄糖氧化酶活性显著提高。单因素优化结果：蔗糖4%(质量分数)、酵母粉0.3%(质量分数)、NaNO₃ 0.4%(质量分数)、无机盐(KH₂PO₄ 0.02%(质量分数)、KCl 0.10%(质量分数)、MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.10%(质量分数))、初始pH值7.0、装液量125 mL/250 mL、接种量2%(体积分数)、转速200 r/min、温度20℃。最高酶活性达435.37 U/mL,相对于优化前的最高酶活性15.28 U/mL,提高了28.49倍。为下一步酶学性质研究及低温葡萄糖氧化酶在工业中的应用提供参考。     

东喜马拉雅山地区木材腐朽菌研究3. 云南老君山地区的多孔菌

在对云南老君山木材腐朽菌调查过程中,共采集到约300号标本,经鉴定共有多孔菌96种,列出了这些多孔菌的名录,并提供了每种的采集信息。其中云杉木层孔菌Phellinus piceicola为新种,其主要特征是担子果盖形或平伏反转,孔口和孢子较小,只生长在云杉树木上,对其进行了详细的描述和显微结构绘图。     

单孢融合性实验法鉴定采自四川北部的小孔异担子菌

在四川北部九寨沟和黄龙保护区的云杉、松树和铁杉上发现异担子菌 ,并从 6号标本中分离到 73个单孢菌株。在每个标本中随机选取 2个菌株分别与欧洲的原始多年异担子菌、小孔异担子菌和冷杉异担子菌的单孢菌株进行融合性交配。试验表明 ,这 6号标本都是小孔异担子菌。四川的菌株与欧洲的原始多年异担子菌交配不融合 ,而与欧洲的小孔异担子菌完全融合 ,并在交配后的菌落中形成锁状联合 ,且在交配的菌落中不产生拮抗线。虽然四川的菌株与欧洲的冷杉异担子菌有较高的融合性 ,但这些交配大部分为单项交配 ,即只在四川一侧的菌落中产生锁状联合 ,而且在交配的菌落中多数产生拮抗线。研究样品全部采自天然林 ,小孔异担子菌在四川经营林分中的致病性还有待进一步调查。     

Genetic Diversity in Cymophyllus fraserianus (Cyperaceae), a Rare Monotypic Genus

Cymophyllus fraserianus (Fraser's sedge) is a rare perennial evergreen herb found in late-successional forest communities in the Appalachian Mountains of the U.S. Genetic diversity was assessed at 19 allozyme loci for 12 populations sampled from the southern and central portions of the range of this primitive monotypic genus. Species variation was comparable to that found for other narrowly distributed species, although mean population genetic diversity was somewhat higher. Sixteen of the 19 loci (84%) were polymorphic, with a mean of 46% polymorphic within populations. On average, 2.7 alleles were detected per polymorphic locus. Genetic diversity within populations (Hep) averaged 0.113, whereas species' genetic diversity (Hes) was 0.131. Although a twofold range of within-population genetic diversity (Hep = 0.075-0.158) was found, less than 13% of the genetic variation was distributed among populations (G(ST) = 0.129). An indirect estimate of historical levels of gene flow (Nm = 1.69) was consistent with the high mean genetic identity (mean I = 0.96) found between populations. Despite the relictual nature of C. fraserianus, its rarity and fragmented distribution, genetic diversity within the genus is typical of herbs with similar life-history characteristics. No association was found between geographic and genetic distances between populations (r = -0.01; p > 0.9), suggesting that present day populations are relatively isolated.     

Isoflavone Aglycon Produced by Culture of Soybean Extracts with Basidiomycetes and Its Anti-angiogenic Activity

Soybean extracts (SBE) containing isoflavone glycosides were cultured with Ganoderma lucidum mycelia producing β-glucosidase. The anti-angiogenic effects of the cultivated product, containing rich in genistein, named GCP (genistein combined polysaccharide), were assessed with chick chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) and a mouse dorsal air-sac model. β-Glucosidase produced by the mycelia converted the isoflavone glycosides into aglycons. A test of volunteers showed that serum concentrations of genistein in the subjects treated with GCP (n=4) at 3 h after administration were significantly higher than those in the subjects treated with SBE (n=4).

GCP inhibited angiogenesis in CAM, and the activity of GCP was greater than that of SBE. GCP inhibited the formation of new vessels induced by colon carcinoma cells in vivo.     

吉林省高等子囊菌物种多样性

记载吉林省核菌纲和盘菌纲高等子囊菌150种,隶属于22个科。补充吉林省新分布种4个,它们是碳壳胶球、银莲花核盘菌、皱盖钟菌和钟菌。新记录种提供形态描述,标本存放在吉林农业大学菌物标本馆(HMJAU)内。     

中国塔叶苔属及其新分布

塔叶苔属为１８９４年由Ｆ;ｓｔｅｐｈａｎｉ建立的单种属,即塔叶苔。以前该属在我国的分布仅见于台湾,福建,云南和四川,现见于江西省,为该属植物的新记录。塔叶苔的配子体和孢子体表明,它宜被作为大萼苔科内的一个亚科处理,在亲缘关系上与叉苔目较近。     

Distribution of Brown Blotch Bacteria in Wild and Cultivated Species of Basidiomycetes

Wild and cultivated Basidiomycetes species were cultured to determine the distribution of bacteria causing brown blotch disease of Agaricus bisporus. Colonies from each basidiocarp were screened for brown blotch organisms by the white line and host pathogenicity tests. Isolates causing brown blotch were identified as Pseudomonas tolaasi and an Arthrobacter species.     

甜菜树属--我国云南产山柚子科一原始新属及其植物地理学意义

报道了我国云南红河流域山柚子科的一个原始新属－－甜菜树属,该属具大型圆锥花序,两性,是Ｌｅｐｉｏｎｕｒｕｓ,Ｍｅｌｉｅｎｔｈａ和Ｃｈａｍｐｅｕｅｉａ３个单型属的祖型,远远无疑起源于康滇古陆即今之云南高原,其发现对山柚子科的起源分化具重要意义。     

中国哈宁管菌属(担子菌纲)的首次报道

报道了中国担子菌纲一新记录属——哈宁管菌属Henningsomyces,并对采集于云南省迪庆州香格里拉县千湖山冷杉倒木上的一新记录种雪白哈宁管菌Henningsomyces candidus进行了详细描述。该菌最典型的形态特征是担子果由许多白色小管直立排列而成,菌丝体为一体系,同时具有简单分隔和锁状联合,担孢子薄壁、光滑、近椭圆形,菌管口的菌丝呈明显的树状分枝。     

Free-Radical Scavenging Activity of Submerged Mycelium Extracts from Higher Basidiomycetes Mushrooms

Twenty-four Basidiomycetes strains were evaluated to determine their free-radical scavenging capacity in submerged cultivation. The scavenging capacity of the extracts varied from 1 to 85% depending on the mushroom species, solvent used, and concentration. A calculation of EC₅₀ of extracts from several wood-rotting Basidiomycetes showed high scavenging abilities at low effective concentration.     

Two new species of Agaricales and a new Japanese record for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chaetocalathus fragilis</Emphasis> from Ishigaki Island,a southwestern island of Japan

Two new species of Agaricales and a new Japanese record for Chaetocalathus fragilis from Ishigaki Island, a southwestern island of Japan, are fully described and illustrated: (1) Crinipellis (section Grisentinae) rhizomorphica sp. nov. produces brownish orange, fibrillose-squamulose basidiomata accompanied by white thread-like rhizomorphs on the dead twig, olivaceous hairs in KOH, and oblong-ellipsoid, relatively long basidiospores; (2) Chaetocalathus (section Holocystis) fragilis is a new record for Japan, growing on the dead twig; (3) Psilocybe (section Cubensae) capitulata sp. nov. forms a furfuraceous-squamulose pileus, cyanescent flesh, a persistent, membranous annulus, capitulate pilocystidia, and has a coprophilous habit on cow dung.     

中国鹅膏菌属(担子菌)的物种多样性

鹅膏菌属（Ａｍａｎｉｔａ）是一个近世界性广布的大属,全球已被描述而又被承认的有近５００种。在文献中,我国此属已记载约２００种。然而,许多种都是原初描述于欧洲或北美的种类。近来的研究表明,东亚的鹅膏菌独特且有其自身的分布范围。东亚的有些种虽与产于欧洲或北美的某些种相似,但仔细的野外观察,详尽的形态解剖学和分子进化生物学研究结果表明,东亚的鹅膏菌是独立的分类群。在欧洲,人们有采集著名食菌恺撒鹅膏菌的习