国产赖草属新分类群

多年生草本,具下伸根状茎。秆疏生,直立,高 60～100cm,茎粗2～3mm,具3～4节。叶鞘长于或短于节间,无毛或下部叶鞘具柔毛,基部者有时撕裂呈纤维状;叶舌膜质,     

广西薹草属(莎草科)一新种——贺州薹草

根状茎短。秆丛生,高20～55cm,扁三棱形,纤细,平滑,基部具暗褐色的叶鞘。叶长于或短于秆,宽2．5～4mm,边缘粗糙。苞片短叶状,上部的刚毛状,短于小穗,具鞘。小穗4～5个,顶生小穗雄性,线形,长3～6cm,小穗柄长1～2．5cm;侧生小穗雌性,线状圆柱形,长1～3．5cm,直立,花疏生,小穗柄长0．6～5cm,最上一个雌小穗柄藏于苞鞘内。雄花鳞片狭倒披针形,顶端钝,淡褐色,     

新疆披碱草属一新种

多年生草本。须根具沙套。秆疏丛生,直立或基部膝曲,高13—20cm,径约0.5—1mm,平滑无毛,具2—3节。叶鞘具短柔毛,长于节间;叶舌膜质,长0.5—1mm,     

云南高黎贡山西坡玉山竹属二新种

发表了云南高黎贡山西坡玉山竹属二新种:大玉山竹(Yushania gigantea Yi et L.Yang)和片马玉山竹(Yushania pianmaensis Yi et L.Yang)。大玉山竹近似西藏玉山竹(Y.xizangensis Yi),不同在于秆柄粗壮,直径7~12mm,节间长达2.5 cm;秆较高大,高6~7 m,节间分枝一侧基部扁平或具短纵沟槽;小枝具(5)6(7)叶;叶鞘较长,长(2.5)3.2~4.8 cm;叶柄无毛;叶片较大,长(3.5)10~18(20)cm,宽(4.5)8~13(18)mm,易于区别。片马玉山竹相似大玉山竹(Y.gigantea Yi et L.Yang),但本种秆较矮小,高2.5~4 m,直径1~1.8(2.5)cm;枝条较多而细,在秆上每节12~30枚,直径1~1.5(2)mm;箨鞘背面无毛,箨片较小,长1.5~3.5 cm,宽1~2.5 mm;小枝具叶较少,为(3)4~5枚;叶片较小,长达12.5 cm,宽达8 mm。     

云南姜属一新种

直立草本,高1—1.5m,基部具紫红色的无叶片的叶鞘。上部叶无柄,下部具极短的柄;叶片披针形或狭披针形,长15—32cm,宽5—6.5cm,顶端渐尖或尾尖,基部楔形,叶面绿色,无毛,叶背淡绿色,被稀疏的白色柔毛;基叶椭圆形,长约6.5cm,宽3.2cm,顶端短渐尖,基部近圆形,叶面深绿色,叶背紫红色;叶舌2裂,长4—7mm,     

云南高黎贡山西坡玉山竹属二新种简

发表了云南高黎贡山西坡玉山竹属二新种：大玉山竹（Yushania gigantea Yi et L.Yang）和片马玉山竹（Yushania pianmaensis Yi et L.Yang）。大玉山竹近似西藏玉山竹（Y.xizangensis Yi）,不同在于秆柄粗壮,直径7~12 mm,节间长达2.5 cm;秆较高大,高6~7 m,节间分枝一侧基部扁平或具短纵沟槽;小枝具（5）6（7）叶;叶鞘较长,长（2.5）3.2~4.8 cm;叶柄无毛;叶片较大,长（3.5）10~ 18（20） cm,宽(4.5)8~13（18） mm,易于区别。片马玉山竹相似大玉山竹（Y.gigantea Yi et L.Yang）,但本种秆较矮小,高2.5~4 m,直径1~1.8（2.5） cm;枝条较多而细,在秆上每节12~30枚,直径1~1.5（2） mm;箨鞘背面无毛,箨片较小,长1.5~3.5 cm,宽1~2.5 mm;小枝具叶较少,为（3）4~5枚;叶片较小,长达12.5 cm,宽达8 mm。     

云南飘拂草属一新种

根状茎短,直生,具许多纤细须根。秆丛生,纤细,扁三棱形,具纵槽,无毛,基部具少许叶。     

假橐吾属, 中国菊科植物一新属

多年生草本,根状茎粗短,有多数纤维状根,茎基部有残存的叶柄。叶互生、纸质,基生叶在花期宿存,具长叶柄,长圆状心形或宽卵状心形,楔状下延成具翅的叶柄,基部扩大,半抱茎,但绝无叶鞘;中部茎叶与下部叶同形,较小,具短叶柄,叶柄具翅,自中部向基部逐渐扩大,基部具叶状卵形抱茎的叶耳。头状花序盘状,在茎端排列成总状;花序梗有2枚小     

封面植物简介——丽江杓兰

丽江杓兰(Cypripedium lichiangense S.C.Chen & P.J.Cribb)隶属兰科杓兰属,为中国特有种,濒危(EN),已列入I UCN红色名录.为地生草本,植株高7~14 cm,具较粗壮而短的根状茎.茎直立,为2枚筒状叶鞘所包,顶端分别有叶和苞片(与叶形似).叶近对生,铺地;叶片卵形,长8.5~19 cm,宽7~16 cm,暗绿     

封面说明

<正>西藏杓兰(Cypripedium tibeticum King exRolfe),为兰科杓兰属的多年生草本植物。植株高15~35 cm。茎直立,无毛或上部近节处被短柔毛,基部具数枚鞘,鞘上方具2~4枚叶。叶片椭圆形、卵状椭圆形或宽椭圆形,长8~16 cm,宽3~9 cm,无毛或疏被微柔毛,边缘具细缘毛。茎顶生1花;苞片叶状;花梗和子房长2~3 cm;花大,俯     

Seedling Blights of Cyperaceae Weeds Caused by Curvularia tuberculata and C. oryzae

Two Curvularia tuberculata isolates (93-020 and 93-022) and one C. oryzae isolate (93-061) were obtained from diseased Cyperus difformis , C. iria , and Fimbristylis miliacea , respectively, in the Philippines in 1993. When inoculated onto their hosts at 1 ×10 8 conidia m -2 , and provided with 24-h dew at 28°C, a severe and rapid blighting of the leaves caused the weed seedlings to die within two weeks. The three Curvularia isolates were cross-pathogenic to C. difformis , C. iria , F. miliacea , and C. rotundus but exhibited varying degrees of virulence depending on the weed species being attacked. C. tuberculata isolates 93-020 and 93-022 effectively controlled C. difformis and C. iria but were less effective on F. miliacea.

C. oryzae was equally virulent on C. difformis , C. iria , and F. miliacea . C. rotundus was not killed by any of the three isolates and exhibited only minor flecking and leaf tip die-back. Sporulation of the three Curvularia isolates on necrotic leaf tissues occurred on the susceptible ( C. difformis , C. iria , and F.miliacea ) but not on the resistant ( C. rotundus ) weed hosts.     

Field Note: Phytoremediation of Petroleum Sludge Contaminated Field Using Sedge Species,Cyperus Rotundus (Linn.) and Cyperus Brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk

The aim of this study was to degrade total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in a petroleum sludge contaminated site (initial TPH concentration of 65,000–75,000 mg.kg^–1) with two native sedge species namely Cyperus rotundus (Linn.) and Cyperus brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk. Fertilized and unfertilized treatments were maintained separately to record the influence of fertilizer in TPH degradation. The average biomass production (twenty plants from each treatment) of C. rotundus was 345.5 g and that of C. brevifolius was 250.6 g in fertilized soil during 360 days. Decrease in soil TPH concentration was higher in fertilized soil (75% for C. rotundus and 64% for C. brevifolius) than in unfertilized soil (36% for C. rotundus and 32% for C. brevifolius). In unvegetated treatments, decrease in soil TPH concentration in fertilized (12%) and unfertilized soil (8%) can be attributed to natural attenuation and microbial degradation. TPH accumulation in roots and shoots was significantly higher in fertilized soil in comparison to unfertilized soils (p < 0.05). Most probable number (MPN) in planted treatments was significantly higher than in unplanted treatments (p < 0.05).     

Antifungal efficacy of some ethyl acetate extract fractions of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes against spore germination of some fungi

Plant products play an important role as safe and ecofriendly method in controlling various plant diseases. Ethyl acetate fractions of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes have been found highly effective against some species of Alternaria (A. alternata, A. brassicola, A. solani, Alternaria chearanthi), Colletotrichum (C. musae, Colletotrichum sp.), Curvularia (C. lunata, C. maculans, C. pallescens, C. pennisetti), Helminthosporium (H. pennissetti, H. spiciferum, H. echinoclova and Heterosporium colocasiae) in vitro. A. brassisicola was highly sensitive to all the fractions at all the concentrations. Fractions 4–7 inhibited complete spore germination at 2000 and 3000 μg/ml as compared to control. However, 100% spore germination inhibition was found in Colletotrichum species in all the fractions at 2000 and 3000 μg/ml but at lower concentrations 50–60% spore germination and 90% reduction of germ tube elongation were observed. Curvularia species was highly sensitive to all concentrations of all the fractions as 50–100% spore germination inhibition was recorded at 500 μg/ml dose. Some species of Helminthosporium were sensitive at 3000 μg/ml in some fractions but other test fractions showed least efficacy. Fractions 4–7 were 100% inhibitory for H. colocasiae. Germ tube elongation was also affected by 60–90%. The germ tube branching and their elongation were affected in almost all species at 30 to 95%. The high efficacy of ethyl acetate fractions of rhizomes of C. rotundus against some fungi indicates that they can be very well tried under field conditions against some important plant diseases as an ecofriendly method of plant disease control.     

莎草属果皮微形态特征及其分类学上的意义

首次报道了在立体显微镜及扫描电子显微镜下对莎草属(Cyperus Linn.)14种、2变种植物果皮微形态特征的观察结果。根据纹饰特点的不同,可分为三种类型:(1)网——瘤状复合纹饰;(2)网状纹饰;(3)疣状纹饰。莎草属植物在果皮微形态特征上存在的种间差异可为种的划分提供依据,并为探讨该属的系统演化提供有价值的资料。     

海南莎草属植物叶下表皮微形态的研究

利用光学显微镜对海南莎草属(Cyperus Linnaeus)15个种1个变种的叶下表皮微形态进行了研究。结果显示:(1)该属叶下表皮微形态基本特征如下:长细胞为长筒形、短筒形,少数为近方形,边缘波状、深波状;无短细胞的存在;副卫细胞为高圆屋顶形、圆屋顶形、圆屋顶至三角形或三角形;(2)根据保卫细胞的形态将海南莎草属分为两大类型即保卫细胞两端明显加厚型和保卫细胞两端不明显加厚型;(3)海南莎草属叶下表皮微形态一致,表明莎草属是一个自然类群,但在莎草属种间叶下表皮的长细胞形态、保卫细胞及副卫细胞形态、气孔长宽等存在一定的差异,可作为本属种间分类鉴别的参考依据。     

山东莎草属植物果实形状及果皮微形态研究

利用扫描电镜对山东分布的18种莎草属植物的果实形状及果皮微形态进行了观察研究。结果表明,莎草属植物果实为椭圆状、倒卵状或卵状三棱形,顶端具柱状或锥状短喙;果皮微形态可分为:网-疣复合纹饰、网状纹饰、疣状纹饰和无规则突起纹饰4种类型;果皮微形态类型的划分与基于宏观形态特征的传统分类关联较小,但在该属形态相近的种间存在明显差异,可作为种间划分的依据。果皮微形态证据支持将水莎草属(Juncellus)、砖子苗属(Mariscus)和断节莎属(Torulinium)归入莎草属(Cyperus)的分类观点。     

山东莎草属叶表皮微形态的研究

利用光学显微镜对山东莎草属14个种和1个亚种植物的叶下表皮微形态特征进行研究,结果表明:脉间区长细胞为长筒形、短筒形,少数为近方形,边缘为波状、深波状;无短细胞存在;气孔器副卫细胞为三角形、圆屋顶形至三角形、高圆屋顶形和圆屋顶形;乳突存在于脉区长细胞上;刺毛仅存在于个别种中。根据脉区刺毛的有无,结合外部形态,可以分为有刺毛类型和无刺毛2个类型及4个亚类型。莎草属叶下表皮微形态特征高度一致,表明莎草属是一个自然类群,但在种间存在着一定的差异,可以为种的划分提供参考依据。     

Natural attenuation of weathered oil using aquatic plants in a farm in Southeast Mexico

An experiment was conducted in field for three years to assess the sustainability of aquatic plants Leersia hexandra, Cyperus articulatus, and Eleocharis palustris for use in the removal of total hydrocarbons of weathered oil in four areas contaminated with 60916–119373 mg/kg of hydrocarbons. The variables evaluated were coverage of plant, dry matter, density of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, and the removal of total weathered oil. The variables showed statistical differences (p = 0.05) due to the effects of time and the amount of oil in the soil. The three aquatic plants survived on the farm during the 36-month evaluation. The grass L. hexandra yielded the greatest coverage of plant but was inhibited by the toxicity of the oil, which, in contrast, stimulated the coverage of C. articulatus. The rhizosphere of L. hexandra in control soil was more densely colonized by N-fixing bacteria, while the density of phosphate and potassium solubilizing rhizobacteria was stimulated by exposure to oil. C. articulatus coverage showed positive relationship with the removal of weathered oil; positive effect between rhizosphere and L. hexandra grass coverage was also identified. These results contributed to the removal of weathered oil in Gleysols flooded and affected by chronic discharges of crude oil.     

Allelopathic effect of actinobacterial isolates against selected weeds

The taxonomic characteristics of weeds such as morphology of shoot, leaves, flowers, stem, fruits and seeds were recorded as Gynandropsis pentaphylla, DC, Amarantus spinosus Linn, Cyperus rotundus, Amarantus viridis Linn, Cassia occidentalis, Linn and Echinochilora orygicola. Totally 20 actinobacteria isolates were screened for herbicidal activity against the weed. Among the 20 isolates, only four actinobacterial isolates KA1-3, KA1-4, KA1-7 and KA23A showed significant herbicidal activity against C. rotundus. The herbicidal effect of actinobacterial culture filtrates on germination and seedling growth of C. rotundus was tested. The shoot and root growth of C. rotundus was severely affected when compared to control. The potent actinobacterial isolates KA1-4 and KA1-7 were characterised based on their morphological and molecular phylogenetic property and were identified as Streptomyces sp. The present study concludes that actinobacterial isolates will be used as bioherbicide against C. rotundus. Further studies are required to confirm the activity of actinobacterial isolates against C. rotundus under field conditions.