共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 107 毫秒
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近年来,CRISPR基因编辑及衍生技术迅速发展,在生命科学、生物医学研究以及动植物育种领域得到了广泛应用。基于DNA双链断裂(double-stranded break, DSB)同源指导修复(homology-directed repair, HDR)机制的基因敲入和点编辑是基因编辑的重要策略,但效率偏低亟待提高。本文提出了驱动供体DNA富集至DSB处以提高HDR效率的新策略,并设计了一套CRISPR/Cas9-Gal4BD供体适配基因编辑系统(donoradapting system, DAS)。该系统主要利用Gal4 DNA结合域(Gal4 binding domain, Gal4BD)作为配体蛋白与Cas9融合表达,将Gal4BD结合序列(Gal4 binding sequence, Gal4BS)作为受体序列与双链DNA (double-stranded DNA, dsDNA)供体结合,以期提高HDR效率。使用HEK293T-HDR.GFP报告细胞系的初步研究结果表明当dsDNA供体同源臂在一定长度(100~60 bp)时该系统能够提高HDR效率2~4倍。进一步的优化研究表明... 相似文献
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规律性成簇间隔的短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR)的发现和工程技术对生命科学的发展带来巨大的推动作用。RNA引导的Cas(CRISPR-associated)酶已被用作操纵细胞、动物和植物基因组的工具。这加速了基础研究的步伐,并使其在临床和农业上的应用成为可能。CRISPR/Cas9对在实验系统中进行的功能基因组学的研究有重大影响。CRISPR/Cas9系统自发现以来,因其操作便捷、成本低、特异性高、可同时打靶任意数量基因等优点而被广泛应用。经过近几年研究发现,Cas9变异体(Cas12a、Cas13)有利于突破和克服CRISPR/Cas9应用中的一些限制,Cas12a极大地扩展了基因编辑靶位点的选择范围,同时其介导的多基因编辑具有明显的优势;Cas13等蛋白能特异性结合和编辑RNA,开启了转录组研究的新篇章。本文主要就CRISPR/Cas的研究背景以及Cas9、Cas12a和Cas13系统研究进展和应用进行综述,并对其应用前景和发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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RNA介导的CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统由单链引导RNA(sgRNA)与核酸酶Cas9构成。在细胞内,sgRNA能够按照碱基互补配对的原则引导Cas9与靶点结合,由Cas9切割目标DNA,造成双链DNA断裂(double stranded break, DSB)。在随后的DNA修复过程中,细胞主要进行非同源末端连接(non-homologous end joining,NHEJ)或在有修复模板存在的情况下进行重组修复(homology directed repair, HDR)。如果将CRISPR/Cas9系统以及修复模板通过显微注射的方式导入大鼠的胚胎内,就能借助细胞的修复机制实现大鼠胚胎的基因编辑,由此构建各种基因修饰大鼠模型。本文详细介绍了利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术构建大鼠模型的具体操作步骤,以期为相关领域的科研人员提供一种大鼠基因修饰模型的构建方法。 相似文献
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基因编辑技术是通过核酸内切酶对基因组DNA进行定向改造的技术,可以实现对特定DNA碱基的缺失、替换等,常用的四种基因编辑工具分别是:巨型核酸酶、锌指核酸酶、转录激活因子样效应物核酸酶以及CRISPR/Cas9系统.其中CRISPR/Cas9系统作为一种新型的基因组编辑技术具有组成简单、特异性好、切割效率高的优点.该文对... 相似文献
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近日,宾夕法尼亚州立大学杨亦农(Yinong Yang)教授团队在a BIOTECH期刊在线发表题为"Efficient expression of multiple guide RNAs for CRISPR/Cas genome editing"的综述。总结了CRISPR/Cas基因编辑技术中引导RNA (gRNA)的表达策略,介绍了多重基因编辑中同时表达多个引导RNA的方法和技巧,为CRISPR/Cas技术的开发和应用提供了参考。 相似文献
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基于CRISPR/Cas的基因编辑是近年发展起来的一项变革性生物技术。其过程包括在目标DNA位点引入双链断裂(double strand break,DSB)以及其后续的细胞修复。细胞修复DSB主要有两种方式:非同源末端连接(non-homologous end joining,NHEJ)以及同源重组介导的修复(homology-directed repair,HDR)。前者是大多数细胞修复DSB的主要方式,其特点在于修复简单、效率高但极易出错,往往会引发难以预测的核苷酸插入或删除。点突变是自然界中最常见的遗传突变类型,引起了超过半数的人类遗传疾病以及许多重要农艺性状变异。碱基编辑能够实现单个碱基的替换,既不需要引入DSB,又无需修复模板参与,具有高效、编辑结果可控等优点,在基因治疗、作物育种及生物技术研究等方面具有重大的应用潜能。自首个碱基编辑工具开发以来,碱基编辑相关技术得到快速发展及广泛应用。本文综述了目前DNA碱基编辑研究进展,重点阐述了碱基编辑器及其在编辑效率、精度以及特异性提高和编辑范围扩展等方面的最新进展以及仍存在的瓶颈,并展望其研究和应用前景。 相似文献
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The CRISPR/Cas9 system produces specific and homozygous targeted gene editing in rice in one generation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hui Zhang Jinshan Zhang Pengliang Wei Botao Zhang Feng Gou Zhengyan Feng Yanfei Mao Lan Yang Heng Zhang Nanfei Xu Jian‐Kang Zhu 《Plant biotechnology journal》2014,12(6):797-807
The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been demonstrated to efficiently induce targeted gene editing in a variety of organisms including plants. Recent work showed that CRISPR/Cas9‐induced gene mutations in Arabidopsis were mostly somatic mutations in the early generation, although some mutations could be stably inherited in later generations. However, it remains unclear whether this system will work similarly in crops such as rice. In this study, we tested in two rice subspecies 11 target genes for their amenability to CRISPR/Cas9‐induced editing and determined the patterns, specificity and heritability of the gene modifications. Analysis of the genotypes and frequency of edited genes in the first generation of transformed plants (T0) showed that the CRISPR/Cas9 system was highly efficient in rice, with target genes edited in nearly half of the transformed embryogenic cells before their first cell division. Homozygotes of edited target genes were readily found in T0 plants. The gene mutations were passed to the next generation (T1) following classic Mendelian law, without any detectable new mutation or reversion. Even with extensive searches including whole genome resequencing, we could not find any evidence of large‐scale off‐targeting in rice for any of the many targets tested in this study. By specifically sequencing the putative off‐target sites of a large number of T0 plants, low‐frequency mutations were found in only one off‐target site where the sequence had 1‐bp difference from the intended target. Overall, the data in this study point to the CRISPR/Cas9 system being a powerful tool in crop genome engineering. 相似文献
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Rhodococcus spp. are organic solvent-tolerant strains with strong adaptive abilities and diverse metabolic activities, and are therefore widely utilized in bioconversion, biosynthesis and bioremediation. However, due to the high GC-content of the genome (~70%), together with low transformation and recombination efficiency, the efficient genome editing of Rhodococcus remains challenging. In this study, we report for the first time the successful establishment of a CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing system for R. ruber. With a bypass of the restriction-modification system, the transformation efficiency of R. ruber was enhanced by 89-fold, making it feasible to obtain enough colonies for screening of mutants. By introducing a pair of bacteriophage recombinases, Che9c60 and Che9c61, the editing efficiency was improved from 1% to 75%. A CRISPR/Cas9-mediated triple-plasmid recombineering system was developed with high efficiency of gene deletion, insertion and mutation. Finally, this new genome editing method was successfully applied to engineer R. ruber for the bio-production of acrylamide. By deletion of a byproduct-related gene and in-situ subsititution of the natural nitrile hydratase gene with a stable mutant, an engineered strain R. ruber THY was obtained with reduced byproduct formation and enhanced catalytic stability. Compared with the use of wild-type R. ruber TH, utilization of R. ruber THY as biocatalyst increased the acrylamide concentration from 405 g/L to 500 g/L, reduced the byproduct concentration from 2.54 g/L to 0.5 g/L, and enhanced the number of times that cells could be recycled from 1 batch to 4 batches. 相似文献
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Puping Liang Yanwen Xu Xiya Zhang Chenhui Ding Rui Huang Zhen Zhang Jie Lv Xiaowei Xie Yuxi Chen Yujing Li Ying Sun Yaofu Bai Zhou Songyang Wenbin Ma Canquan Zhou Junjiu Huang 《蛋白质与细胞》2015,6(5):363
Genome editing tools such as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated system (Cas) have been widely used to modify genes in model systems including animal zygotes and human cells, and hold tremendous promise for both basic research and clinical applications. To date, a serious knowledge gap remains in our understanding of DNA repair mechanisms in human early embryos, and in the efficiency and potential off-target effects of using technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 in human pre-implantation embryos. In this report, we used tripronuclear (3PN) zygotes to further investigate CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in human cells. We found that CRISPR/Cas9 could effectively cleave the endogenous β-globin gene (HBB). However, the efficiency of homologous recombination directed repair (HDR) of HBB was low and the edited embryos were mosaic. Off-target cleavage was also apparent in these 3PN zygotes as revealed by the T7E1 assay and whole-exome sequencing. Furthermore, the endogenous delta-globin gene (HBD), which is homologous to HBB, competed with exogenous donor oligos to act as the repair template, leading to untoward mutations. Our data also indicated that repair of the HBB locus in these embryos occurred preferentially through the non-crossover HDR pathway. Taken together, our work highlights the pressing need to further improve the fidelity and specificity of the CRISPR/Cas9 platform, a prerequisite for any clinical applications of CRSIPR/Cas9-mediated editing. 相似文献
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Ranran Cheng Jin Peng Yonghong Yan Peili Cao Jiewei Wang Chen Qiu Lichun Tang Di Liu Li Tang Jianping Jin Xingxu Huang Fuchu He Pumin Zhang 《FEBS letters》2014
We developed an adenovirus-based CRISPR/Cas9 system for gene editing in vivo. In the liver, we demonstrated that the system could reach the level of tissue-specific gene knockout, resulting in phenotypic changes. Given the wide spectrum of cell types susceptible to adenoviral infection, and the fact that adenoviral genome rarely integrates into its host cell genome, we believe the adenovirus-based CRISPR/Cas9 system will find applications in a variety of experimental settings. 相似文献
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规律成簇间隔的短回文序列(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR)是细菌和古菌中的获得性免疫系统,利用该系统能定点进行基因编辑。最近,科学家发现了新的CRISPR-associated (Cas)蛋白,其中由Cas12a介导的基因编辑能显著降低脱靶率。文中对CRISPR/Cas系统的发现历史、组成和分类、工作原理进行概述,并总结了该系统的最新研究进展及在斑马鱼Danio rerio中的应用。 相似文献