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1.
Amanda J. Lloyd Manfred Beckmann Thomas Wilson Kathleen Tailliart David Allaway John Draper 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(2):15
Introduction and objectives
The purpose of this study was to use high accurate mass metabolomic profiling to investigate differences within a phenotypically diverse canine population, with breed-related morphological, physiological and behavioural differences. Previously, using a broad metabolite fingerprinting approach, lipids appear to dominate inter- and intra- breed discrimination. The purpose here was to use Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography–High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC–HRMS) to identify in more detail, inter-breed signatures in plasma lipidomic profiles of home-based, client-owned dogs maintained on different diets and fed according to their owners’ feeding regimens.Methods
Nine dog breeds were recruited in this study (Beagle, Chihuahua, Cocker Spaniel, Dachshund, Golden Retriever, Greyhound, German Shepherd, Labrador Retriever and Maltese: 7–12 dogs per breed). Metabolite profiling on a MTBE lipid extract of fasted plasma was performed using UHPLC-HRMS.Results
Multivariate modelling and classification indicated that the main source of lipidome variance was between the three breeds Chihuahua, Dachshund and Greyhound and the other six breeds, however some intra-breed variance was evident in Labrador Retrievers. Metabolites associated with dietary intake impacted on breed-associated variance and following filtering of these signals out of the data-set unique inter-breed lipidome differences for Chihuahua, Golden Retriever and Greyhound were identified.Conclusion
By using a phenotypically diverse home-based canine population, we were able to show that high accurate mass lipidomics can enable identification of metabolites in the first pass plasma profile, capturing distinct metabolomic variability associated with genetic differences, despite environmental and dietary variability.2.
Thierry Vilboux Gilles Chaudieu Patricia Jeannin Delphine Delattre Benoit Hedan Catherine Bourgain Guillaume Queney Francis Galibert Anne Thomas Catherine André 《BMC veterinary research》2008,4(1):10
Background
Several forms of progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) segregate in more than 100 breeds of dog with each PRA segregating in one or a few breeds. This breed specificity may be accounted for by founder effects and genetic drift, which have reduced the genetic heterogeneity of each breed, thereby facilitating the identification of causal mutations. We report here a new form of PRA segregating in the Border Collie breed. The clinical signs, including the loss of night vision and a progressive loss of day vision, resulting in complete blindness, occur at the age of three to four years and may be detected earlier through systematic ocular fundus examination and electroretinography (ERG).Results
Ophthalmic examinations performed on 487 dogs showed that affected dogs present a classical form of PRA. Of those, 274 have been sampled for DNA extraction and 87 could be connected through a large pedigree. Segregation analysis suggested an X-linked mode of transmission; therefore both XLPRA1 and XLPRA2 mutations were excluded through the genetic tests.Conclusion
Having excluded these mutations, we suggest that this PRA segregating in Border Collie is a new XLPRA (XLPRA3) and propose it as a potential model for the homologous human disease, X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa.3.
Metabolomics of biomarker discovery in ovarian cancer: a systematic review of the current literature
Onur Turkoglu Amna Zeb Stewart Graham Thomas Szyperski J. Brian Szender Kunle Odunsi Ray Bahado-Singh 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2016,12(4):60
Introduction
Metabolomics is the emerging member of “omics” sciences advancing the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of many cancers, including ovarian cancer (OC).Objectives
To systematically identify the metabolomic abnormalities in OC detection, and the dominant metabolic pathways associated with the observed alterations.Methods
An electronic literature search was performed, up to and including January 15th 2016, for studies evaluating the metabolomic profile of patients with OC compared to controls. QUADOMICS tool was used to assess the quality of the twenty-three studies included in this systematic review.Results
Biological samples utilized for metabolomic analysis include: serum/plasma (n = 13), urine (n = 4), cyst fluid (n = 3), tissue (n = 2) and ascitic fluid (n = 1). Metabolites related to cellular respiration, carbohydrate, lipid, protein and nucleotide metabolism were significantly altered in OC. Increased levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and altered metabolites of the glycolytic pathway pointed to perturbations in cellular respiration. Alterations in lipid metabolism included enhanced fatty acid oxidation, abnormal levels of glycerolipids, sphingolipids and free fatty acids with common elevations of palmitate, oleate, and myristate. Increased levels of glutamine, glycine, cysteine and threonine were commonly reported while enhanced degradations of tryptophan, histidine and phenylalanine were found. N-acetylaspartate, a brain amino acid, was found elevated in primary and metastatic OC tissue and ovarian cyst fluid. Further, elevated levels of ketone bodies including 3-hydroxybutyrate were commonly reported. Increased levels of nucleotide metabolites and tocopherols were consistent through out the studies.Conclusion
Metabolomics presents significant new opportunities for diagnostic biomarker development, elucidating previously unknown mechanisms of OC pathogenesis.4.
Miguel A. Velasco Rafael Raya Luca Muzzioli Daniela Morelli Abraham Otero Marco Iosa Febo Cincotti Eduardo Rocon 《Biomedical engineering online》2017,16(1):74
Background
This paper presents the preliminary results of a novel rehabilitation therapy for cervical and trunk control of children with cerebral palsy (CP) based on serious videogames and physical exercise.Materials
The therapy is based on the use of the ENLAZA Interface, a head mouse based on inertial technology that will be used to control a set of serious videogames with movements of the head.Methods
Ten users with CP participated in the study. Whereas the control group (n = 5) followed traditional therapies, the experimental group (n = 5) complemented these therapies with a series of ten sessions of gaming with ENLAZA to exercise cervical flexion–extensions, rotations and inclinations in a controlled, engaging environment.Results
The ten work sessions yielded improvements in head and trunk control that were higher in the experimental group for Visual Analogue Scale, Goal Attainment Scaling and Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS). Significant differences (27% vs. 2% of percentage improvement) were found between the experimental and control groups for TCMS (p < 0.05). The kinematic assessment shows that there were some improvements in the active and the passive range of motion. However, no significant differences were found pre- and post-intervention.Conclusions
Physical therapy that combines serious games with traditional rehabilitation could allow children with CP to achieve larger function improvements in the trunk and cervical regions. However, given the limited scope of this trial (n = 10) additional studies are needed to corroborate this hypothesis.5.
Background
Studies have shown an increase in mortality and morbidity during heatwaves, especially among the elderly. We assessed the knowledge of the general population of Brussels and Amsterdam on groups at risk and protective measures for heat-related health effects.Results
Six locations with mixed populations were selected in each city. Passer-by’s in both cities were asked to participate in a short survey. Respondents in Brussels (n = 120) had significantly more knowledge on risk groups and protective measures than respondents in Amsterdam (n = 133). In both cities, individuals with higher education had better knowledge on risk groups and protective measures than individuals with lower education.Conclusions
Efforts at heat-awareness raising must be strengthened, especially in Amsterdam, and public health actions should effectively target vulnerable groups with lower education in both cities.6.
Shayne Mason A. Marceline Tutu van Furth Regan Solomons Ron A. Wevers Mari van Reenen Carolus J. Reinecke 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2016,12(7):110
Introduction
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe manifestation of tuberculosis, presenting with high morbidity and mortality in children. Existing diagnostic methods for TBM are invasive and time-consuming and the need for highly sensitive and selective diagnosis remains high on the TBM agenda.Objective
Our aim was to exploit metabolomics as an approach to identify metabolites as potential diagnostic predictors for children with TBM through a non-invasive means.Methods
Urine samples selected for this study were from three paediatric groups: patients with confirmed TBM (n = 12), patients clinically suspected with TBM but later confirmed to be negative (n = 19) and age-matched controls (n = 29). Metabolomics data were generated through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis and important metabolites were identified according to standard statistical procedures used for metabolomics data.Results
A global metabolite profile that characterized TBM was developed from the data, reflecting the host and microbial responses. Nine different logistic regression models were fitted to selected metabolites for the best combination as predictors for TBM. Four metabolites—methylcitric, 2-ketoglutaric, quinolinic and 4-hydroxyhippuric acids—showed excellent diagnostic ability and provided prognostic insight into our TBM patients.Conclusions
This study is the first to illustrate holistically the metabolic complexity of TBM and provided proof-of-concept that a biosignature of urinary metabolites can be defined for non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis of paediatric TBM patients. The biosignature should be developed and validated through future prospective studies to generate a medical algorithm for diagnosis in the initial stages of the disease and for monitoring of treatment strategies.7.
Yuka Torii Yoshihiko Kawano Hajime Sato Kazunori Sasaki Tamaki Fujimori Jun-ichi Kawada Osamu Takikawa Chai K. Lim Gilles J. Guillemin Yoshiaki Ohashi Yoshinori Ito 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2016,12(5):84
Introduction
Influenza-associated encephalopathy is a serious complication of influenza and is the most common form of acute encephalitis/encephalopathy in Japan. The number of reports from other countries is increasing, reflecting international recognition and concern.Objectives
Identification of a specific biomarker could provide important clues about the pathophysiology of influenza-associated encephalopathy.Methods
During the 2009–2011 flu seasons, 34 pediatric patients hospitalized with influenza complications, including influenza-associated encephalopathy, were enrolled in the study. Serum samples were collected during the acute and convalescent phases of disease. Patients were classified into encephalopathy (n = 12) and non-encephalopathy (n = 22) groups. Serum metabolites were identified and quantified by capillary electrophoresis coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Quantified data were evaluated for comparative analysis. Subsequently, a total of 55 patients with or without encephalopathy were enrolled for absolute quantification of serum kynurenine and quinolinic acid.Results
Based on m/z values and migration times, 136 metabolites were identified in serum samples. During the acute phase of disease, three metabolites (succinic acid, undecanoic acid, and kynurenine) were significantly higher, and two other metabolites (decanoic acid and cystine) were significantly lower, in the encephalopathy group compared to the non-encephalopathy group (p = 0.012, 0.022, 0.044, 0.038, 0.046, respectively). In a larger patient group, serum kynurenine and its downstream product in tryptophan metabolism, quinolinic acid, a known neurotoxin, were significantly higher in the encephalopathy than the non-encephalopathy without febrile seizure group.Conclusion
Comprehensive metabolite profiles revealed five metabolites as potential biomarkers for influenza-associated encephalopathy; the tryptophan–kynurenine metabolic process could be associated with its pathophysiology.8.
Elavarasan Subramani Mainak Dutta Manivannan Jothiramajayam Mamata Joshi Sudha Srivastava Anita Mukherjee Baidyanath Chakravarty Koel Chaudhury 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2016,12(6):99
Introduction
Genital tuberculosis (GTB) in women is one of the common causes of infertility in emerging countries. As an intracellular pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the endometrium significantly alters the host metabolism in dormant GTB cases. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based metabolic profiling has emerged as a useful tool for identification of biomarkers in biological fluids.Objective
To investigate NMR based serum metabolic profile of dormant GTB women as compared to controls.Methods
Dormant GTB women (n = 26) and unexplained infertile women (controls; n = 26), healthy proven fertile women undergoing voluntary sterilization (n = 25) and women undergoing recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM) (n = 27) were included in the study. 700 MHz proton NMR spectra of serum collected from these patients were recorded. Multivariate analysis including principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis and orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis was applied to all the spectra. Association of dysregulated serum metabolites with our earlier findings related to altered endometrial tissue metabolites in dormant GTB women was studied using multiple correlation analysis.Results
This study indicates a clear metabolic differentiation between women with dormant GTB and controls. Metabolites including 3-hydroxybutyrate, succinate, citrate, acetate, l-glutamine, l-lysine, glutamate, l-threonine and 1-methyl histidine were found to be significantly upregulated in serum of women with dormant GTB compared with controls. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between the expression of endometrial tissue and serum metabolites.Conclusions
The set of identified metabolites may be considered as candidate markers for the diagnosis of dormant GTB and help clinicians in early therapeutic management.9.
Basetti Madhu Greg L. Shaw Anne Y. Warren David E. Neal John R. Griffiths 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2016,12(7):120
Introduction
The androgen receptor (AR) is the master regulator of prostate cancer cell metabolism. Degarelix is a novel gonadotrophin-releasing hormone blocker, used to decrease serum androgen levels in order to treat advanced human prostate cancer. Little is known of the rapid metabolic response of the human prostate cancer tissue samples to the decreased androgen levels.Objectives
To investigate the metabolic responses in benign and cancerous tissue samples from patients after treatment with Degarelix by using HRMAS 1H NMR spectroscopy.Methods
Using non-destructive HR-MAS 1H NMR spectroscopy we analysed the metabolic changes induced by decreased AR signalling in human prostate cancer tissue samples. Absolute concentrations of the metabolites alanine, lactate, glutamine, glutamate, citrate, choline compounds [t-choline = choline + phosphocholine (PC) + glycerophosphocholine (GPC)], creatine compounds [t-creatine = creatine (Cr) + phosphocreatine (PCr)], taurine, myo-inositol and polyamines were measured in benign prostate tissue samples (n = 10), in prostate cancer specimens from untreated patients (n = 7) and prostate cancer specimens from patients treated with Degarelix (n = 6).Results
Lactate, alanine and t-choline concentrations were significantly elevated in high-grade prostate cancer samples when compared to benign samples in untreated patients. Decreased androgen levels resulted in significant decreases of lactate and t-choline concentrations in human prostate cancer biopsies.Conclusions
The reduced concentrations of lactate and t-choline metabolites due to Degarelix could in principle be monitored by in vivo 1H MRS, which suggests that it would be possible to monitor the effects of physical or chemical castration in patients by that non-invasive method.10.
Lu Fang Piyushkumar A. Mundra Fenling Fan Abby Galvin Jacquelyn M. Weir Gerard Wong Jaye Chin-Dusting Flavia Cicuttini Peter Meikle Anthony Michael Dart 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2016,12(8):136
Introduction
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is linked to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, not completely explained by traditional risk factors. Importantly, the increased risk occurs despite lower levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Whilst systemic inflammation may be a factor, it is possible that changes in individual lipid species contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk.Objectives
In the present study, we characterized plasma lipidomic profiles in patients with RA in comparison with healthy controls.Methods
Patients with RA (n = 32) and age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers (n = 84) were recruited. Fasting plasma lipid profiles were measured using electrospray-ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. 24 lipid classes and subclasses were measured.Results
Patients with RA had normal total, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but higher triglycerides than controls. Five lipid classes (dihydroceramides, alkylphosphatidylethanolamine, alkenylphosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine) differed between patients with RA and controls. Then we measured 36 lipid species within these 5 classes and found that 11 lipid species were different between patients with RA and controls. Three lipid classes (dihydroceramides, lysophosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine) and 10 lipid species remained significantly associated with RA after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, current smoking, systolic blood pressure and anti-hypertensive treatment in a binary logistic regression model.Conclusion
This study has identified lipid alterations in RA. These alterations of lipids warrant further investigation as they may be associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and joint inflammation in patient with RA.11.
Elif Erdem Ibrahim Inan Harbiyeli Hazal Boral Macit Ilkit Meltem Yagmur Reha Ersoz 《Mycopathologia》2018,183(3):521-527
Purpose
To evaluate the efficiency of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in addition to topical voriconazole in cases with mycotic keratitis.Design
Retrospective case series in a tertiary university hospital.Participants
CXL was performed on 13 patients with mycotic keratitis who presented poor or no response to topical voriconazole treatment.Methods
The clinical features, symptoms, treatment results and complications were recorded retrospectively. The corneal infection was graded according to the depth of infection into the stroma (from grade 1 to grade 3). The visual analogue scale was used to calculate the pain score before and 2 days after surgery.Main Outcome Measures
Grade of the corneal infection.Results
Mean age of 13 patients (6 female and 7 male) was 42.4 ± 17.7 years (20–74 years). Fungus was demonstrated in culture (eight patients) or cytological examination (five patients). Seven of the 13 patients (54%) were healed with topical voriconazole and CXL adjuvant treatment in 26 ± 10 days (15–40 days). The remaining six patients did not respond to CXL treatment; they initially presented with higher grade ulcers. Pre- and post-operative pain score values were 8 ± 0.8 and 3.5 ± 1, respectively (p < 0.05).Conclusions
The current study suggests that adjunctive CXL treatment is effective in patients with small and superficial mycotic ulcers. These observations require further research by large randomized clinical trials.12.
Stewart F. Graham Olivier P. Chevallier Praveen Kumar Onur Türkoğlu Ray O. Bahado-Singh 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2016,12(4):62
Introduction
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders believed to have a multifactorial basis. Presently, diagnosis is based on behavioral and developmental signs in children before the age of 3 and no reliable clinical biomarkers are available for early detection.Objectives
This study aimed to biochemically profile the cerebellum from post-mortem human brain from ASD sufferers (n = 11) and compare their profiles to that of age-matched controls (n = 11) with no known brain disorder.Methods
Using liquid chromatography combined with LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry we detected 14,328 features in ESI+ mode in polar extracts of post-mortem brain.Results
Of these only 37 were found to be statistically significantly different between ASD and controls (p < 0.05; fdr < 0.05). A panel of four features had a predictive power of 96.64 %, following statistical cross validation, for ASD detection. This model produced an AUC = 0.874 (CI 0.768–0.944) and a Fisher’s exact score of p = 4.50E?29.Conclusion
Whilst at this time we were unable to chemically identify the four features of interest we believe that this study underscores the potential value of high resolution metabolomics for the study of ASD. Further characterization of the polar metabolome of post mortem ASD brains could lead to the identification of potential biomarkers and novel therapeutics for the disease. The development of accurate biomarkers could assist in the early detection of ASD and promote early intervention strategies to improve outcome.13.
Fernanda Bertuccez Cordeiro Thais Regiani Cataldi Lívia do Vale Teixeira da Costa Beatriz Zappellini de Souza Daniela Antunes Montani Renato Fraietta Carlos Alberto Labate Agnaldo Pereira Cedenho Edson Guimarães Lo Turco 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(10):120
Introduction
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent gynecological disease that causes infertility, and potential metabolomic biomarkers related to ovarian endometriosis and poor outcomes after assisted reproductive treatments are still lacking.Objectives
The present study analyzed the metabolomic profiling of follicular fluid samples from 40 patients undergoing in vitro fertilization.Methods
The follicular fluid samples were classified as controls (n = 22) and endometriosis patients (n = 18). The samples were submitted to Bligh and Dyer protocol followed by metabolomics analysis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Clinical data was assessed by Students’ T-test and metabolomics data was analyzed by multivariate statistics by MetaboAnalyst 3.0 to obtain intrinsic characteristics that allowed for groups discrimination. The Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was carried out for the proposed biomarkers, aiming to determine their specificity and sensitivity, as a set and individually.Results
From the metabolomic analysis, 20 ion masses were selected as potential biomarkers from principal component analysis, which showed that all biomarkers were more abundant in the endometriosis group when compared to controls. Tentative attribution was performed by lipid maps database, demonstrating that these potential biomarkers correspond to fatty acids, carnitines, monoacylglycerols, lysophosphatidic acids, lysophosphatidylglycerols, diacylglycerols, lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylserine, lysophosphatidylinositols and Phosphatidic Acid.Conclusion
The use of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics allowed for the identification of effective biomarkers for ovarian endometriosis, which may contribute for a better comprehension of the disease and how it affects the ovary, as well as assisting in the development of accessory tools for endometriosis diagnosis and infertility management.14.
N. Cesbron A.-L. Royer Y. Guitton A. Sydor B. Le Bizec G. Dervilly-Pinel 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(8):99
Introduction
Collecting feces is easy. It offers direct outcome to endogenous and microbial metabolites.Objectives
In a context of lack of consensus about fecal sample preparation, especially in animal species, we developed a robust protocol allowing untargeted LC-HRMS fingerprinting.Methods
The conditions of extraction (quantity, preparation, solvents, dilutions) were investigated in bovine feces.Results
A rapid and simple protocol involving feces extraction with methanol (1/3, M/V) followed by centrifugation and a step filtration (10 kDa) was developed.Conclusion
The workflow generated repeatable and informative fingerprints for robust metabolome characterization.15.
John M. Wentworth Naiara G. Bediaga Megan A. S. Penno Esther Bandala-Sanchez Komal N. Kanojia Konstantinos A. Kouremenos Jennifer J. Couper Leonard C. Harrison ENDIA Study Group 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(10):130
Background
Cord blood lipids are potential disease biomarkers. We aimed to determine if their concentrations were affected by delayed blood processing.Method
Refrigerated cord blood from six healthy newborns was centrifuged every 12 h for 4 days. Plasma lipids were analysed by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy.Results
Of 262 lipids identified, only eight varied significantly over time. These comprised three dihexosylceramides, two phosphatidylserines and two phosphatidylethanolamines whose relative concentrations increased and one sphingomyelin that decreased.Conclusion
Delay in separation of plasma from refrigerated cord blood has minimal effect overall on the plasma lipidome.16.
Julia B. Honneffer Jörg M. Steiner Jonathan A. Lidbury Jan S. Suchodolski 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(3):26
Introduction
The fecal microbiota are relevant to the health and disease of many species. The importance of the fecal metabolome has more recently been appreciated, but our knowledge of the microbiota and metabolome at other sites along the gastrointestinal tract remains deficient.Objective
To analyze the gastrointestinal microbiota and metabolome of healthy domestic dogs at four anatomical sites.Methods
Samples of the duodenal, ileal, colonic, and rectal contents were collected from six adult dogs after humane euthanasia for an unrelated study. The microbiota were characterized using Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. The metabolome was characterized by mass spectrometry-based methods.Results
Prevalent phyla throughout the samples were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, consistent with previous findings in dogs and other species. A total of 530 unique metabolites were detected; 199 of these were identified as previously named compounds, but 141 of them had at least one significantly different site-pair comparison. Noteworthy examples include relative concentrations of amino acids, which decreased from the small to large intestine; pyruvate, which peaked in the ileum; and several phenol-containing carboxylic acid compounds that increased in the large intestine.Conclusion
The microbiota and metabolome vary significantly at different sites along the canine gastrointestinal tract.17.
Background
Emphysematous pyometra is a rare canine disease characterized by gas-forming bacteria infecting the uterus and causing an accumulation of both gas and infectious exudate in the uterine lumen. While radiological features of emphysematous pyometra have been previously described in dogs, the ultrasonographic appearance has not been reported.Case presentation
A 7-year-old intact female Labrador Retriever was presented because of a 1 day history of vomiting, anorexia, mild polyuria/polydipsia and signs of fatigue. On physical examination the dog had a swollen vulva with a sparse amount of yellow discharge. Lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs showed a dilated predominantly gas-filled tubular structure located in the mid and cranial abdomen traversing from left to right and ending dorsally at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra. A small intestinal ileus was initially suspected. Following the radiographic examination, abdominal ultrasound was performed. In the left mid and caudal abdomen there were two thin-walled gas-containing tubular structures. One had the typical layered appearance of an intestinal wall and represented the descending colon. The second structure had a similar thickness but homogenously hypoechoic wall and contained gas and echogenic fluid in the lumen. By use of several positional changes of the dog aiming to alter the location of the intraluminal gas, the second structure was traced to the right ovary cranially and the uterine body caudally, confirming that the structure was the right uterine horn. A final diagnosis of emphysematous pyometra was made.Conclusion
Ultrasound can be used as a non-invasive diagnostic method to differentiate between small intestinal ileus and emphysematous pyometra.18.
Stéphane Grison Gaëlle Favé Matthieu Maillot Olivia Delissen Éric Blanchardon Isabelle Dublineau Jocelyne Aigueperse Sandra Bohand Jean-Charles Martin Maâmar Souidi 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2016,12(10):154
Introduction
Data are sparse about the potential health risks of chronic low-dose contamination of humans by uranium (natural or anthropogenic) in drinking water. Previous studies report some molecular imbalances but no clinical signs due to uranium intake.Objectives
In a proof-of-principle study, we reported that metabolomics is an appropriate method for addressing this chronic low-dose exposure in a rat model (uranium dose: 40 mg L?1; duration: 9 months, n = 10). In the present study, our aim was to investigate the dose–effect pattern and identify additional potential biomarkers in urine samples.Methods
Compared to our previous protocol, we doubled the number of rats per group (n = 20), added additional sampling time points (3 and 6 months) and included several lower doses of natural uranium (doses used: 40, 1.5, 0.15 and 0.015 mg L?1). LC–MS metabolomics was performed on urine samples and statistical analyses were made with SIMCA-P+ and R packages.Results
The data confirmed our previous results and showed that discrimination was both dose and time related. Uranium exposure was revealed in rats contaminated for 9 months at a dose as low as 0.15 mg L?1. Eleven features, including the confidently identified N1-methylnicotinamide, N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide and 4-hydroxyphenylacetylglycine, discriminated control from contaminated rats with a specificity and a sensitivity ranging from 83 to 96 %, when combined into a composite score.Conclusion
These findings show promise for the elucidation of underlying radiotoxicologic mechanisms and the design of a diagnostic test to assess exposure in urine, in a dose range experimentally estimated to be above a threshold between 0.015 and 0.15 mg L?1.19.
Ole Østergaard Christoffer Tandrup Nielsen Julia T. Tanassi Line V. Iversen Søren Jacobsen Niels H. H. Heegaard 《Clinical proteomics》2017,14(1):23
Background
The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is poorly understood but has been linked to defective clearance of subcellular particulate material from the circulation. This study investigates the origin, formation, and specificity of circulating microparticles (MPs) in patients with SLE based on comprehensive MP proteome profiling using patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and healthy donors (HC) as controls.Methods
We purified MPs from platelet-poor plasma using differential centrifugation of samples from SLE (n = 45), SSc (n = 38), and two sets of HC (n = 35, n = 25). MP proteins were identified and quantitated after trypsin digestion by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The abundance of specific proteins was compared between the groups using univariate statistics and false discovery rate correction for multiple comparisons. Specific proteins and protein ratios were explored for diagnostic and disease activity information using receiver-operating characteristic curves and by analysis of correlations of protein abundance with disease activity scores.Results
We identify and quantitate more than 1000 MP proteins and show that a subpopulation of SLE-MPs (which we propose to call luposomes) are highly specific for SLE, i.e. not found in MP preparations from HC or patients with another autoimmune, systemic disease, SSc. In SLE-MPs platelet proteins and mitochondrial proteins are significantly diminished, cytoskeletal proteins deranged, and glycolytic enzymes and apoptotic proteins significantly increased.Conclusions
Normal MPs are efficiently removed in SLE, but aberrant MPs, derived from non-lymphoid leukocytes, are less efficiently removed and abundantly produced leading to an altered MP proteome in SLE. The data suggest that an abnormal generation of MPs may partake in the pathology of SLE and that new diagnostic, monitoring, and treatment strategies targeting these processes may be advantageous.20.