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Kirin Brewery Co.和海洋生物研究所克隆了2个基因,它们与虾青素(海洋细菌中的红色素)的产生有关。 从日本琉球岛东南的庆良间岛上分离到海洋细菌。克隆的2个基因编码将b-胡萝卜素转化为虾青素的酶。已在大肠杆菌中正确地表达了上述基因。下一步是将其导入面包酵母,以此提供低成本色素生产系统。 相似文献
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利用有极高检测灵敏度的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)技术,对吸附在银镜表面上的浓度较低的纯化的放氧核心复合物(Pd OECC)薄层进行了频移在250~3 100 cm-1范围内的拉曼光谱测量,除得到β-胡萝卜素分子的基频拉曼振动模外,在高频端还得到了许多弱峰.根据泛音和组合谱带选择定则分析,这些振动模式来自β-胡萝卜素分子的高阶拉曼光谱.还进行了Pd OECC在强光破坏前后的SERS光谱研究.在强光照射下,β-胡萝卜素分子的SERS光谱的散射强度明显降低,且线宽增加,说明强光照射不但改变了β-胡萝卜素的构象,而且也改变了β-胡萝卜素分子所处的微环境.其结果与强光照射前后吸收光谱的变化一致.另外,没有观察到Pd OECC薄层与银镜相互作用的其他新振动峰或Pd OECC中其他振动峰峰型的变化,可见Pd OECC在银镜表面保持原来的状态.这证明SERS技术在光合作用光破坏机理研究中的可行性. 相似文献
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实验研究了三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)卵巢发育过程中(Ⅰ—V期)组织色泽、类胡萝卜素组成与含量、抗氧化和非特异性免疫指标的变化规律,进一步探讨了肝胰腺中类胡萝卜素含量变化与抗氧化指标的关系。结果表明:(1)卵巢发育期间,卵巢指数(GSI)显著增加(P<0.05),肝胰腺指数(HSI)整体呈先升后降的趋势;卵巢的红度(a*)值和黄度(b*)值、肝胰腺的亮度(L*)值和b*值均呈显著上升趋势,但卵巢中L*值呈下降趋势。(2)在卵巢发育过程中,卵巢中的总类胡萝卜素、虾青素、叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素含量均为先升后降的趋势,虾青素含量在Ⅳ期最高;肝胰腺中的虾青素含量呈上升趋势,而β-胡萝卜素含量为显著下降趋势;内表皮中的总类胡萝卜素、虾青素、叶黄素、海胆烯酮和β-胡萝卜素含量均呈现下降趋势;就不同组织中类胡萝卜素含量而言,内表皮中虾青素含量最高。卵巢和肝胰腺的L*值与总类胡萝卜素含量呈显著负相关,卵巢的a*值和b*值均与总类胡萝卜素、虾青素、叶黄素、海胆烯酮和β-胡萝卜素含量呈显著正相关。肝胰腺的a*值与各类胡萝卜素含量无显著相关性, b*值仅与虾青素含量呈显... 相似文献
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用拉曼光谱原位分析姜黄橙黄色及黄色薄壁细胞中的物质。德宏、广西及西双版纳姜黄三种样品橙黄色细胞的拉曼光谱非常相似,较强峰出现在1 632/1 633/1 637、1 599/1 601/1 605、1 184/1 186/1 190 cm-1,中等强度的峰出现在1 529/1 528/1 534、1 425/1 426/1 430、1 306/1 308/1 311、1 235/1 235/1 239、1 167/1 168/1 173、1 122/1 125/1 130、967/969/975 cm-1。三种姜黄薄壁细胞中出现的强峰、次强峰位置、峰型都一致,说明三种姜黄橙色薄壁细胞中物质的主要成分相同。与姜黄素(curcumin)拉曼光谱的主要的19条谱线比较,在姜黄橙色细胞拉曼谱的17条谱峰中有16条与之对应。而黄色薄壁细胞中大部分谱线与支链淀粉的谱峰有较好的对应关系。用密度泛函理论计算了姜黄素的拉曼光谱,并对谱线进行了初步的归属。 相似文献
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虾青素是一种红色的类酮胡萝卜素, 与其它类胡萝卜素或维生素E相比具有更强的抗氧化活性, 在延缓衰老、提高免疫力、防治糖尿病和心血管疾病等方面均有功效, 目前已广泛应用于制药、保健和日化等行业。但其合成必需基因BKT仅存在于部分微藻、细菌和酵母中, 大多数高等动、植物中并不存在。人类仅可以从三文鱼、贝类和鳟鱼等海洋生物中少量摄取虾青素。水稻(Oryza sativa)作为世界上最重要的粮食作物, 是全世界近1/2 (我国2/3)人口的主粮。稻米中缺乏类胡萝卜素前体, 因此无法自主合成虾青素, 且多年来在水稻中人工合成虾青素的尝试均未获得成功。近期, 中国科学家首次利用自创的多基因垛叠表达系统, 成功获得了富含β-胡萝卜素的黄金米, 富含角黄素的角黄素米和富含虾青素的赤晶米, 实现了从前体、中间产物到终产物的精准合成。 相似文献
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温度对雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)生物量和虾青素产量的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
在用环形培养池模拟系统培养雨生红球藻的过程中,研究了温度对雨生红球藻生物量及虾青素产量的影响。结果表明,在15~25℃的范围内,不同温度下雨生红球藻生物量和虾青素含量及产量都经历了一个上升一最高一下降的过程。25℃与22℃时红球藻的虾青素产量、虾青素含量(干重)均显著高于其他温度的(P<0.01),但两者间差异不显著(P>0.05)。15℃时,红球藻生物量、虾青素含量和虾青素产量均最低,分别为1.4g、0.54%和2.49mg/L,25℃时,红球藻生物量和虾青素产量最高,分别为2.68g和13.53mg/L,22℃时,虾青素含量最高,为1.52%。 相似文献
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大鼠大脑皮质与纹状体显微拉曼光谱的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用Spex-1428显微激光拉曼光谱仪测定正常大鼠大脑皮质和纹状体的激光拉曼光谱的变化,发现正常大鼠大脑皮质和纹状体的激光拉曼光谱在模式上大同小异,包含有十分丰富的生物大分子结构信息。结果如下:(1)在大脑皮质和纹状体同时出现且性状亦相似的有以下一些特征峰:808cm^-1的特征峰,对应于A型DNA的特征峰;832cm^-1和836cm^-1对就于酪氨酸(Tyr)环的振动峰;1020cm^-1和1046cm^-1相当于蛋白质中氨基酸内的C-N伸缩振动峰;1330cm^-1相当于腺嘌呤环的C=C和C-N伸缩振动峰;1544cm^-1相当于酰胺Ⅱ的N-H平面内弯曲振动和C-N伸缩援峰;1684cm^-1对应蛋白质二级结构中的转角(turn)结构。(2)大脑皮质较纹状体明显的特征峰:1092cm^-1的DNA骨架的对3称振动峰;1350cm^-1的色氨酸峰;1690cm^-1为尿嘧啶的C=O振动峰。(3)纹状体较大脑皮质明显的特征峰;1450-1463cm^-1为蛋白质CH2弯曲振动的特征峰带,纹状体在此区段有1454cm^-1峰,而大脑皮质在此区域比较低平;1490cm^-1,为鸟嘌呤的特征峰。结果显示:显微拉曼光谱揭示的大脑皮质和纹状体的生物大分子的结构成分信息十分丰富,既有共性也有差异,显微拉曼光谱是一种十分灵敏的研究手段。 相似文献
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实验以越冬前后的中华绒螯蟹一龄幼蟹作为研究对象,利用高效气相色谱法分别检测一龄幼蟹越冬前后肝胰腺及头胸甲中脂肪酸含量变化、利用液相二级质谱法分别测定一龄幼蟹越冬前后肝胰腺、头胸甲和血淋巴中4种类胡萝卜素含量变化。结果表明:肝胰腺中的饱和脂肪酸(SFA) C20:0、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA) C18:1n9作为主要能量脂肪酸被动用,其含量越冬后显著下降(p0.05),多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)中的C18:3n3、C22:6n3越冬后含量显著升高(p0.05)。头胸甲的饱和脂肪酸(SFA) C16:0、C18:0,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)中的C18:1n7作为主要能量脂肪酸被动用,越冬后含量下降显著(p0.05)。多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA) C18:2n6、C20:3n6越冬后含量显著升高(p0.05)。越冬后头胸甲中4种类胡萝卜素含量均极显著下降(p0.01)。其中,血淋巴中虾青素、叶黄素含量极显著升高(p0.05),β-胡萝卜素含量极显著下降(p0.05)。肝胰腺中虾青素与叶黄素、β-胡萝卜素变化趋势与血淋巴的一致,角黄素含量显著下降(p0.05)。越冬期间气温、水温的短暂升高可能使一龄幼蟹短暂摄食。越冬前经育肥的扣蟹越冬后能量物质无显著变化,越冬后根据肝胰腺颜色来判断一龄幼蟹质量的方法不科学。 相似文献
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【背景】雨生红球藻是天然虾青素的最佳来源,广泛应用于虾青素的工业化生产。【目的】探究外源添加不同浓度的2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(Butylated hydroxytoluene,BHT)对雨生红球藻虾青素积累的影响,以期建立BHT提高雨生红球藻虾青素产量的技术体系。【方法】选用不含硝态氮的BBM培养基,辅以强光照,培养雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)LUGU,测试不同浓度BHT对雨生红球藻生物量、虾青素含量、活性氧、抗氧化系统和虾青素合成相关酶基因的影响。【结果】在0-3 mg/L BHT范围内,2 mg/L BHT对雨生红球藻虾青素积累的促进效果最佳,达到31.66 mg/g。2 mg/L BHT有效降低了雨生红球藻内的活性氧水平,增加了细胞内NO水平,提高了藻细胞内过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxidedismutase,SOD)活性以及谷胱甘肽(Glutathione,GSH)的含量,诱导了虾青素合成关键酶基因chy和lcy的高效表达。【结论】非生物胁迫条件下,外源添加适量的BHT能促进雨生红球藻中虾青素的积累,且与藻细胞内的信号分子活性氧(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)、NO水平及虾青素合成相关基因的表达调控相关。 相似文献
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Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis
It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis. 相似文献
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RICHARD E. NORRIS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1991,106(1):1-40
Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera. 相似文献
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JOAN VALUÈS MONTSERRAT TORRELL NÚRIA GARCIA JACAS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,137(4):399-407
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted. 相似文献
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肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV
RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV
RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV
RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV
X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV
C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细 相似文献
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H.-R. GREGORIUS 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1984,23(2-3):157-165
For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献