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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are gene regulators that have vital roles in development and adaptation to the environment in eukaryotes. However, the structural and evolutionary analyses of plant lncRNAs are limited. In this study, we performed an analysis of lncRNAs in five monocot and five dicot species. Our results showed that plant lncRNA genes were generally shorter and had fewer exons than protein-coding genes. The numbers of lncRNAs were positively correlated with the numbers of protein-coding genes in different plant species, despite a high range of variation. Sequence conservation analysis showed that the majority of lncRNAs had high sequence conservation at the intra-species and sub-species levels, reminiscent of protein-coding genes. At the inter-species level, a subset of lncRNAs were highly diverged at the nucleotide level, but conserved by position. Interestingly, we found that plant lncRNAs have identical splicing signals, and those which can form precursors or targets of miRNAs have a conservative identity in different species. We also revealed that most of the lowly expressed lncRNAs were tissue-specific, while those highly conserved were constitutively transcribed. Meanwhile, we characterized a subset of rice lncRNAs that were co-expressed with their adjacent protein-coding genes, suggesting they may play cis-regulatory roles. These results will contribute to understanding the biological significance and evolution of lncRNAs in plants.  相似文献   

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Stathmin 1 is a microtubule destabilizer that plays an important role in cell cycle progression, segregation of chromosomes, clonogenicity, cell motility and survival. Stathmin 1 overexpression has been reported in malignant hematopoietic cells and Stathmin 1 inhibition reduces the highly proliferative potential of leukemia cell lines. However, during the differentiation of primary hematopoietic cells, Stathmin 1 expression decreases in parallel to decreases in the proliferative potential of early hematopoietic progenitors. The scope of the present review is to survey the current knowledge and highlight future perspectives for Stathmin 1 in normal and malignant hematopoiesis, with regard to the expression, function and clinical implications of this protein. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(12): 660-665]  相似文献   

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The recent discovery that the human and other mammalian genomes produce thousands of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) raises many fascinating questions. These mRNA-like molecules, which lack significant protein-coding capacity, have been implicated in a wide range of biological functions through diverse and as yet poorly understood molecular mechanisms. Despite some recent insights into how lncRNAs function in such diverse cellular processes as regulation of gene expression and assembly of cellular structures, by and large, the key questions regarding lncRNA mechanisms remain to be answered. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the biology of lncRNAs and propose avenues of investigation that may lead to fundamental new insights into their functions and mechanisms of action. Finally, as numerous lncRNAs are dysregulated in human diseases and disorders, we also discuss potential roles for these molecules in human health.  相似文献   

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