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1.
Chagas CM Honorato TL Pinto GA Maia GA Rodrigues S 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》2007,30(3):207-215
Cashew apples are considered agriculture excess in the Brazilian Northeast because cashew trees are cultivated primarily with
the aim of cashew nut production. In this work, the use of cashew apple juice as a substrate for Leuconostoc mesenteroides cultivation was investigated. The effect of yeast extract and phosphate addition was evaluated using factorial planning tools.
Both phosphate and yeast extract addition were significant factors for biomass growth, but had no significant effect on maximum
enzyme activity. The enzyme activities found in cashew apple juice assays were at least 3.5 times higher than the activity
found in the synthetic medium. Assays with pH control (pH = 6.5) were also carried out. The pH-controlled fermentation enhanced
biomass growth, but decreased the enzyme activity. Crude enzyme free of cells produced using cashew apple juice was stable
for 16 h at 30°C at a pH of 5.0. 相似文献
2.
Maria Estela Aparecida Giro João Jeferson Lima Martins Maria Valderez Ponte Rocha Vânia Maria M. Melo Luciana Rocha Barros Gonçalves Dr. 《Biotechnology journal》2009,4(5):738-747
Clarified cashew apple juice was evaluated as carbon source for surfactin production by Bacillus subtilis LAMI005 isolated from the tank of chlorination at the Wastewater Treatment Plant on Campus do Pici (WWTP-PICI) in the Federal University of Ceará, Brazil. The highest surfactin concentration using clarified cashew apple juice (CCAJ) supplemented with mineral medium (MM-CCAJ) was 123 mg/L, achieved after 48 h of fermentation. Almost 2-fold less than the amount produced using mineral medium supplemented with 10 g/L of glucose and 8.7 g/L of fructose (MM-GF). However, critical micelle concentration of the biosurfactants produced using MM-CCAJ was 2.5-fold lower than the one produced using MM-GF, which indicates it is a more efficient biosurfactant. Surface tension decreased from 38.50 ± 0.0 to 29.00 ± 0.0 dyne/cm when B. subtilis was grown on MM-CCAJ media (24.68% of reduction on surface tension) and remained constant up to 72 h. Emulsification index was 51.15 and 66.70% using soybean oil and kerosene, respectively. Surfactin produced in MM-CCAJ showed an emulsifying activity of, respectively, 1.75 and 2.3 U when n-hexadecane or soybean oil was tested. However, when mineral medium supplemented with 10 g/L of glucose (MM-G) was used an emulsifying activity of 2.0 and 1.75 U, with n-hexadecane and soybean oil, respectively, was obtained. These results indicate that it is feasible to produce surfactin from CCAJ, a renewable and low-cost carbon source. 相似文献
3.
Talita Lopes Honorato Maria Cristiane Rabelo Luciana Rocha Barros Gonçalves Gustavo Adolfo Saavedra Pinto Sueli Rodrigues 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2007,23(10):1409-1415
The use of agriculture substrates in industrial biotechnological processes has been increasing because of its low cost. Cashew
apples are considered an agriculture low cost product in the Brazilian Northeast because the cashew cultivation is done mainly
to produce cashew nuts. About 90% of the cashew apples production is lost in the field after removing the nut. In this work,
the use of clarified cashew apple juice as substrate for microbial cultivation was investigated. The results showed that cashew
apple juice is a good source of reducing sugars and can be used to grow Leuconostoc mesenteroides to produce high added value products such as dextran, lactic acid, mannitol and oligosaccharides. 相似文献
4.
Maria Cristiane Rabelo Claudia P.M.L. Fontes Sueli Rodrigues 《Bioresource technology》2009,100(23):5574-5580
The use of agriculture substrates in industrial biotechnological processes has been increasing because of their low cost. In this work, the use of clarified cashew apple juice was investigated as substrate for enzyme synthesis of prebiotic oligosaccharide. The results showed that cashew apple juice is a good source of reducing sugars and can be used as substrate for the production of dextransucrase by Leuconostoc citreum B-742 for the synthesis of oligosaccharides using the crude enzyme. Optimal oligosaccharide yield (approximately 80%) was obtained for sucrose concentrations lower than 60 g/L and reducing sugar concentrations higher than 100 g/L. 相似文献
5.
Tigressa H. S. Rodrigues Gustavo A. S. Pinto Luciana R. B. Gonçalves 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2008,13(5):571-576
In this study, the optimization of tannase production by solid state fermentation was investigated using cashew apple bagasse
(CAB), an inexpensive residue produced by the cashew apple agroindustry, as a substrate. To accomplish this, CAB was enriched
with 2.5% (w/w) tannic acid and 2.5% (w/w) ammonium sulphate and then moistened with water (60 mL/100 g of dry CAB). The influence
of inoculum concentration (104 to 107 spores/g), temperature (20, 25, 30, and 35°C) and several additional carbon sources (glucose, starch, sucrose, maltose, analytical
grade glycerol, and glycerol produced during biodiesel production) on enzyme production by Aspergillus oryzae was then evaluated. Supplementation with maltose and glycerol inhibited tannase synthesis, which resulted in lower enzyme
activity. Starch and sucrose supplementation increased enzyme production, but decreased the enzyme productivity. The maximum
tannase activity (4.63 units/g of dry substrate) was obtained at 30°C, using 107 spores/g and 1.0% (w/v) sucrose as an additional carbon source. 相似文献
6.
Select lactic acid bacteria (LAB); Lactobacillus plantarum, L. casei and L. acidophilus were targeted for enhancing bioactives and flavor volatiles of cashew apple juice (CAJ) that is an underutilized byproduct from cashew nut processing in Tropical countries. Results indicated the vitamin C and phenolic metabolites such as condensed tannin can be increased at certain stages such as at 12 h over the 48 h fermentation period. Whereas antioxidant activity based on DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity generally decreased from initial unfermented stage range of (75%–95%) to consistently in the 50% range by 48 h of fermentation and this follows the decrease in viable counts. The fermentation process increased the condensed tannin contents in CAJ whereas hydrolysable tannins decreased. In this study the changes in flavor volatile types were also analyzed over the course of CAJ fermentation. The results indicated that LAB changed the flavor profiles of fermented CAJ and overall the fruity odor decreased, but the whiskey and acid odor increased. These results provide the foundation to further target the functional benefits of LAB-induced fermented CAJ for further human, animal, and plant health applications. 相似文献
7.
In the present work, the stability of crude dextransucrase from Leuconostoc citreum B-742 was evaluated in synthetic and in cashew apple juice culture broth. Optimum stability conditions for dextransucrase
from L. citreum B-742 were different from the reported for its parental industrial strain enzyme (L. mesenteroides B-512F). Crude dextransucrase, from L. citreum B-742, produced using cashew apple juice as substrate, presented higher stability than the crude enzyme produced using synthetic
culture medium, showing the same behavior previously reported for dextransucrase from L. mesenteroides B-512F. The crude enzyme presented good stability in cashew apple juice for 48 h at 25°C and pH 6.5. 相似文献
8.
Summary Studies were carried out to evaluate sugarcane bagasse as an alternative to agar for micropropagation of apple clones to reduce
the cost of micropropagation and improve the quality of the propagules. Significant improvement in the in vitro rooting process, coupled with cost reduction, were obtained by the use of sugarcane bagasse as a substitute for the traditionally
used agar-gelled medium. The tests were undertaken with micro-cuttings of the apple rootstock Marubakaido (Malus prunifolia Borkh.) using a rooting medium composed of half-strength Murashige and Skoog salts and vitamins, 3% (w/v) sucrose, and 0.49
μM indole-3-butyric acid. The plants grown on sugarcane bagasse yielded a 22% increase in root length, 20% increase in plant
length, and 63% increase in the number of roots, compared with agar-grown micro-cuttings. Particle size of the sugarcane bagasse
had a significant impact on all those parameters, and the best results were obtained with bagasse comprising particles smaller
than 0.18 mm. The results demonstrated that the sugarcane bagasse could be used effectively as a substitute for agar during
rooting of apple shoots. 相似文献
9.
Moumita P. Pal Bhalchandra K. Vaidya Kiran M. Desai Renuka M. Joshi Sanjay N. Nene Bhaskar D. Kulkarni 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2009,36(5):747-756
This paper entails a comprehensive study on production of a biosurfactant from Rhodococcus erythropolis MTCC 2794. Two optimization techniques—(1) artificial neural network (ANN) coupled with genetic algorithm (GA) and (2) response
surface methodology (RSM)—were used for media optimization in order to enhance the biosurfactant yield by Rhodococcus erythropolis MTCC 2794. ANN and RSM models were developed, incorporating the quantity of four medium components (sucrose, yeast extract,
meat peptone, and toluene) as independent input variables and biosurfactant yield [calculated in terms of percent emulsification
index (% EI24)] as output variable. ANN-GA and RSM were compared for their predictive and generalization ability using a separate data
set of 16 experiments, for which the average quadratic errors were ~3 and ~6%, respectively. ANN-GA was found to be more accurate
and consistent in predicting optimized conditions and maximum yield than RSM. For the ANN-GA model, the values of correlation
coefficient and average quadratic error were ~0.99 and ~3%, respectively. It was also shown that ANN-based models could be
used accurately for sensitivity analysis. ANN-GA-optimized media gave about a 3.5-fold enhancement in biosurfactant yield. 相似文献
10.
Andreia Fonseca de Faria Diego Stéfani Teodoro-Martinez Geraldo Nazareno de Oliveira Barbosa Boniek Gontijo Vaz Ísis Serrano Silva Jerusa Simone Garcia Marcos Rogério Tótola Marcos N. Eberlin Matthew Grossman Oswaldo Luiz Alves Lucia Regina Durrant 《Process Biochemistry》2011,46(10):1951-1957
The production of biosurfactant by Bacillus subtilis LSFM-05 was carried out using raw glycerol, obtained from a vegetable oil biodiesel plant in Brazil, as the sole carbon source. Production of the biosurfactant was carried out in a 15-L bench-top fermentor and the surfactant was obtained from the foam produced. The crude surfactant was purified by silica gel column chromatography with a yield of 230 mg of the purified biosurfactant per liter of foam. TLC, IR spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI-FTMS) were used to characterize the purified surfactant. The isolated surfactant was identified as a surfactin lipopeptide. MS/MS data identified the amino acid sequence as GluOMe-Leu-Leu-Asp-Val-Leu-Leu and showed that the fatty acid moiety contained 14 carbons in iso, anteiso or normal configurations. The critical micelle concentration of the C14/Leu7 surfactin was 70 μM, with emulsification efficiency after 24 h (E24) of 67.6% against crude oil. Raw glycerol represents an abundant and renewable carbon source and provides an opportunity for reducing the cost of biosurfactant production and may add value to biodiesel production by creating new commercial applications for this by-product. 相似文献
11.
Distillery and curd whey wastes as viable alternative sources for biosurfactant production 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Biosurfactant production from synthetic medium and industrial waste, viz. distillery and whey wastes was investigated by using an oily sludge isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain BS2. In synthetic medium separately supplemented with glucose and hexadecane as water-soluble and -insoluble carbon sources, respectively, strain BS2 reduced the surface tension of the fermentation broth from 57 to 27 mN/m. The culture produced biosurfactant during the stationary growth phase and its yield was 0.97 g/l. The culture utilized distillery and whey wastes for its growth, as maximum cell counts reached to 54 × 108 and 64 × 109 c.f.u./ml from an initial inoculum size of 1 × 05 c.f.u./ml, respectively, within 48 h of incubation and in these wastes the yields of biosurfactant obtained were 0.91 and 0.92 g/l, respectively. In synthetic medium, distillery and whey wastes, strain BS2 produced a crystalline biosurfactant which belonged to the category of secondary metabolites and its maximum production occurred after the onset of nitrogen-limiting conditions. After recovering biosurfactant from the fermented waste, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of distillery and whey wastes was significantly reduced by 81 and 87%, respectively. Total acids, nitrogen and phosphate levels in distillery waste were reduced by 90, 92 and 92%, respectively, while in case of whey waste the concentration of these nutrients was reduced by 88, 95 and 93%, respectively. The isolated biosurfactant possessed potent surface active properties, as it effectively reduced the surface tension of water from 72 to 27 mN/m and formed 100% stable emulsions of a variety of water-insoluble compounds such as hydrocarbons, viz. hexadecane, crude oil, kerosene and oily sludge and pesticides, viz. dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and benzene hexachloride (BHC). The effectiveness of biosurfactant was also evident from its low critical micellar concentration (CMC) which was 0.028 mg/ml. 相似文献
12.
This study reports the production of biosurfactant by a psychrophilic strain ofArthrobacter protophormiae during growth on an immiscible carbon source, w-hexadecane. The biosurfactant reduces the surface tension of the medium from
68.0 mN/m to 30.60 mN/m and exhibits good emulsification activity. The strain could grow and produce biosurfactant in the
presence of high NaCl concentrations (10.0 to 100.0 g/1). Although the biosurfactant was isolated by growing the organism
under psychrophilic conditions (10‡C) it exhibited stable activity over a wide range of temperature (30‡C to 100‡C). It retained
its surface-active properties at pH2 to 12. The biosurfactant was effective in recovering up to 90% of residual oil from an oil saturated sandpack column, indicating
its potential value in enhanced oil recovery. 相似文献
13.
Amézcua-Vega C Poggi-Varaldo HM Esparza-García F Ríos-Leal E Rodríguez-Vázquez R 《Bioresource technology》2007,98(1):237-240
This work investigated the effect of culture medium composition on a biosurfactant production and their total fatty acids content, as well as the surface tension of media, and biomass production by Candida ingens. A factorial experimental design was used to evaluate the combined effect of C/P, C/N(inorganic), C/Fe, C/Mg ratios and yeast extract concentration. The highest biosurfactant production was reached when high C/Fe and high C/P ratio variables were combined; biosurfactant concentration increased by a 3.42 fold. The variable with the highest effect on net decrease surface tension (DeltaST) and fatty acids percentage of C. ingens biosurfactant was yeast extract. The average of DeltaST (25 mN/m) and fatty acids percentage (34.7%) values were enhanced at high yeast extract concentration of 1g/l. The main conclusion of this study was that the culture composition affected the biosurfactant production by C. ingens. It was also observed that the surface tension and total fatty acids of the biosurfactant were modified as the media composition changed. 相似文献
14.
R. Gandhimathi G. Seghal Kiran T. A. Hema Joseph Selvin T. Rajeetha Raviji S. Shanmughapriya 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》2009,32(6):825-835
A sponge-associated marine actinomycetes Nocardiopsis alba MSA10 was screened and evaluated for the production of biosurfactant. Biosurfactant production was confirmed by conventional
screening methods including hemolytic activity, drop collapsing test, oil displacement method, lipase production and emulsification
index. The active compound was extracted with three solvents including ethyl acetate, diethyl ether and dichloromethane. The
diethyl ether extract was fractionated by TLC and semi-preparative HPLC to isolate the pure compound. In TLC, a single discrete
spot was obtained with the R
f 0.60 and it was extrapolated as valine. Based on the chemical characterization, the active compound was partially confirmed
as lipopeptide. The optimum production was attained at pH 7, temperature 30°C, and 1% salinity with glucose and peptone supplementation
as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Considering the biosurfactant production potential of N. alba, the strain could be developed for large-scale production of lipopeptide biosurfactant. 相似文献
15.
Expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin in Gordonia amarae enhances biosurfactant production 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Dogan I Pagilla KR Webster DA Stark BC 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2006,33(8):693-700
The gene (vgb) encoding Vitreoscilla (bacterial) hemoglobin (VHb) was electroporated into Gordonia amarae, where it was stably maintained, and expressed at about 4 nmol VHb g−1 of cells. The maximum cell mass (OD600) of vgb-bearing G. amarae was greater than that of untransformed G. amarae for a variety of media and aeration conditions (2.8-fold under normal aeration and 3.4-fold under limited aeration in rich medium, and 3.5-fold under normal aeration and 3.2-fold under limited aeration in mineral salts medium). The maximum level of trehalose lipid from cultures grown in rich medium plus hexadecane was also increased for the recombinant strain, by 4.0-fold in broth and 1.8-fold in cells under normal aeration and 2.1-fold in broth and 1.4-fold in cells under limited aeration. Maximum overall biosurfactant production was also increased in the engineered strain, by 1.4-fold and 2.4-fold for limited and normal aeration, respectively. The engineered strain may be an improved source for producing purified biosurfactant or an aid to microorganisms bioremediating sparingly soluble contaminants in situ. 相似文献
16.
A combinatorial screening strategy was adopted for the development of a suitable medium for enhanced biosurfactant production by a marine strain. As a result, a modified marine medium (MMM) was developed, which contained urea and strontium chloride besides other salts important for the growth of marine bacteria. This medium supported growth, evident from a higher maximum growth rate value of 0.42 h(-1) and an enhanced biosurfactant production of 2.58 g/L. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined for the biosurfactants obtained from all tested media combinations. The biosurfactant produced with this medium was stable at high temperature (100 °C), a wide range of pH (5-11) and salt concentration of 5-35%. The emulsifying activity and stability of the biosurfactant obtained using MMM was better than the biosurfactant obtained using conventional media. This biosurfactant with improved physiochemical properties is suitable for a wide range of applications in industry and for marine environmental cleaning. 相似文献
17.
Zhaozhe Hua Yan Chen Guocheng Du Jian Chen 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2004,20(1):25-29
The effects of biosurfactants on the biodegradation of petroleum compounds were investigated. Candida antarctica T-34 could produce extracellular biosurfactant mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) when it was cultured in vegetable oil. In addition, in our previous study, it was found that this strain could also produce a new type of biosurfactant while it grew on n-undecane (C11H24), and the biosurfactant was named as BS-UC. In flask culture of Candida antarctica, the addition of BS-UC could improve the biodegradation rate of some n-alkanes (e.g. 90.2% for n-decane, 90.2% for n-undecane, 89.0% for dodecane), a mixture of n-alkanes (82.3%) and kerosene (72.5%). By comparing the effects of the biosurfactants BS-UC and MEL and chemical surfactants on the biodegradation of crude oil, it was found that biosurfactants could be used to enhance the degradation of petroleum compounds instead of chemical surfactants. In a laboratory scale immobilized bioreactor, the addition of biosurfactant improved not only the emulsification of kerosene in simulated wastewater but also its biodegradation rate. The highest degradation rate of kerosene by addition of MEL and BS-UC reached 87 and 90% at 15 h, respectively. The results showed that the biosurfactant BS-UC was highly promising for work on biodegradation of hydrophobic contaminants. 相似文献
18.
Velázquez-Aradillas Juan Carlos Toribio-Jiménez Jeiry del Carmen Ángeles González-Chávez Ma. Bautista Francisco Cebrián Mariano E. Esparza-García Fernando José Rodríguez–Vázquez Refugio 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2011,27(4):907-913
In this work, a Gram-positive bacterium with bacillus-type morphology was isolated from low-quality coffee beans in a nutritive
medium supplemented with 178 μM of Cd [Cd(NO3)2 4H2O]. PCR showed 99% similarity of the isolated bacteria with Bacillus cereus QD232. This bacterium produced a biosurfactant after 120 h of growth with an average production of 480 mg l−1 and was able to emulsify various hydrocarbons such as diesel (60%), cyclohexane (48%), benzene (48%), isooctane (47%) and
toluene (40%). The molecular weight of the biosurfactant, as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, was 34,194 Da.
The cell-free media had a surface tension of 45 mN m−1 and a critical micellar concentration in the range of 0.2–2.5% (v/v), as evaluated by surface tension and conductance, respectively.
The emulsifying agent maintained its properties over a pH range from 6 to 10. The composition of the biosurfactant was 53%
proteins, 44.4% lipids and 2.6% carbohydrates. Only a few reports have described the production of biosurfactant from Bacillus cereus strains, and the results from this study show that the biosurfactant properties of Bacillus cereus may have potential environmental applications. 相似文献
19.
Aims: To screen and identify biosurfactant producers from petroleum‐contaminated soil; to use response surface methodology (RSM) for medium optimization to enhance biosurfactant production; and to study the properties of the newly obtained biosurfactant towards pH, temperature and salinity. Methods and Results: We successfully isolated three biosurfactant producers from petroleum‐contaminated soil and identified them through 16S rRNA sequence analysis, which exhibit the highest similarities to Acinetobacter beijerinckii (100%), Kocuria marina (99%) and Kineococcus marinus (99%), respectively. A quadratic response model was constructed through RSM designs, leading to a 57·5% increase of the growth‐associated biosurfactant production by Acinetobacter sp. YC‐X 2 with an optimized medium: beef extract 3·12 g l?1; peptone 20·87 g l?1; NaCl 1·04 g l?1; and n‐hexadecane 1·86 g l?1. Biosurfactant produced by Acinetobacter sp. YC‐X 2 retained its properties during exposure to a wide range of pH values (5–11), high temperatures (up to 121°C) and high salinities [up to 18% (w/v) Na+ and Ca2+], which was more sensitive to Ca2+ than Na+. Conclusions: Two novel biosurfactant producers were isolated from petroleum‐contaminated soil. Biosurfactant from Acinetobacter sp. YC‐X 2 has good properties to a wide range of pH, high temperature and high salinity, and its production was optimized successfully through RSM. Significance and Impact of the Study: The fact, an increasing demand of high‐quality surfactants and the lack of cost‐competitive bioprocesses of biosurfactants for commercial utilization, motivates researchers to develop cost‐effective strategies for biosurfactant production through isolating new biosurfactant producers with special surface‐active properties and optimizing their cultural conditions. Two novel biosurfactant producers in this study will widen our knowledge about this kind of micro‐organism. This work is the first application of RSM designs for cultural optimization of biosurfactant produced by Acinetobacter genus and the first report that biosurfactant may be more sensitive to Ca2+ than Na+. 相似文献
20.
Although Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus sphaericus are being used extensively for mosquito control, the recent reports of development of resistance in insects against them prompted many workers to search for new microbial agents or their metabolites for mosquito control. This has resulted in the isolation of a new bacterial isolate Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula which is known to be toxic against larval and pupal stages of mosquitos and could be considered for further development as a biocontrol agent. But the large-scale production of this bacterium is expensive because the high cost of the medium restricts this bacterium is used in mosquito control programs. In this study, we attempted to develop a cost-effective medium, based on inexpensive, locally available raw material Soya bean (Glycine max) by using 100-L bioreactor. Biomass and pupicidal metabolite production were satisfactory after P. fluorescens was produced on both media. Results showed that the Biomass in dry weight of Soya medium was 12.7 g/L and GPS medium (conventional medium) was 11.23 g/L. The maximum pupicidal metabolite production in Soya medium was (LC50 0.24 μL/mL) and in GPS medium was (LC50 0.44 μL/mL). 相似文献