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1.
A single juvenile male raccoon (Procyon lotor) was found naturally infected with Dirofilaria immitis. Two immature female worms were found in the heart of this raccoon at necropsy. Lesions attributable to the presence of these parasites were not found. Histopathologic examination of various tissues did not reveal any microfilariae. The raccoon may serve as an aberrant definitive host for this parasite, however, patent infections have not been reported. 相似文献
2.
Seventy raccoons (Procyon lotor) from western Kentucky were examined for helminths from December 1985 through May 1986. Twenty-three species of helminths were collected including 10 species of Trematoda (Brachylaima virginiana, Euryhelmis squamula, Eurytrema procyonis, Fibricola cratera, Gyrosoma singulare, Maritreminoides nettae, Mesostephanus appendiculatoides, Metagonimoides oregonensis, Paragonimus kellicotti, Pharyngostomoides procyonis), 2 species of Cestoda (Atriotaenia procyonis, Mesocestoides variabilis), 10 species of Nematoda (Arthrocephalus lotoris, Baylisascaris procyonis, Capillaria putorii, C. plica, Crenosoma goblei, Dracunculus insignis, Gnathostoma procyonis, Molineus barbatus, Physaloptera rara, Trichinella spiralis), and 1 species of Acanthocephala (Macracanthorhynchus ingens). A mean of 6.4 (3-11) helminth species per host was recorded. Fibricola cratera, Atriotaenia procyonis, Mesocestoides variabilis, Arthrocephalus lotoris, Capillaria plica, Dracunculus insignis, Molineus barbatus, and Physaloptera rara were ubiquitous parasites of the raccoon, whereas specific nidi were observed for Eurytrema procyonis, Gyrosoma singulare, Paragonimus kellicotti, Baylisascaris procyonis, Trichinella spiralis, and Macracanthorhyncus ingens. With an overall prevalence of 10% or higher, 15 of the 23 helminth species were considered common parasites of the raccoon in western Kentucky. When the 10% prevalence rate was applied within geographical quadrants to correct for the presence of nidi it was found that 18 of the 23 helminth species were common and 5 were regarded as rare parasites of the raccoon. Two species of nematodes, T. spiralis and B. procyonis, displayed a markedly higher prevalence in male raccoons. 相似文献
3.
Siripunkaw C Kongrit C Faries KM Monello RJ Gompper ME Eggert LS 《Molecular ecology resources》2008,8(1):199-201
We report the isolation and characterization of 17 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the North American raccoon (Procyon lotor). These loci exhibit high levels of allelic diversity, with between four and 13 alleles per locus, and heterozygosity, with observed values of 0.500-1.000 in a sample of 20 individuals. All genotypes conformed to Hardy-Weinberg expectations and there were no instances of linkage disequilibrium detected. 相似文献
4.
Fitch-Snyder H Ehrlich A 《Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology》2003,74(5-6):259-271
The study had three purposes: (1) to obtain information about mother-infant interactions in a rarely studied nocturnal prosimian, the pygmy loris (Nycticebus pygmaeus); (2) to compare pygmy lorises with a closely related and better-studied nocturnal prosimian, the Bengal slow loris (Nycticebus bengalensis); and (3) to determine how the presence of a second offspring affected mother-infant interactions in pygmy lorises. Three Bengal slow loris mothers and 3 pygmy loris mothers served as subjects, along with their 10 offspring (4 Bengal slow loris singletons, 2 pygmy loris singletons and 2 sets of pygmy loris twins). Observations were carried out in a zoo research facility for the first 24 weeks of the infants' lives. Although the two species differ in size and reproductive patterns, mother-infant interactions were similar. The primary modes of infant and adult contact were ventral and passive contact, respectively. Mothers parked their infants from the first week, and infants followed from the second week. Mothers displayed little protection or rejection, and there was little aggression. Infants solicited play and social grooming from their mothers. Pygmy loris mothers engaged in social grooming and play with their infants more frequently and for longer periods if the infant was a singleton rather than a twin. 相似文献
5.
The microscopic structure of the adult raccoon (Procyon lotor) and woodchuck (Marmota monax) spleens
Histological serial sections of spleens from the adult raccoon (Procyon lotor) and woodchuck (Marmota monax) were processed for microscopic examination. Observations related to various aspects of the internal vascular pattern in the spleen of the raccoon and woodchuck demonstrated features that were characteristic of the respective animal. The spleen of the raccoon possess well-developed ellipsoid sheaths, whereas these same structures were not as prominent in the spleen of the woodchuck. The spleen of both mammals examined demonstrated the presence of an anastomosing series of venous sinuses within the red pulp tissue and may be classified as sinusal in nature. 相似文献
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Pinard CL Brightman AH Yeary TJ Everson TD Cox LK Chengappa MM Davidson HJ 《Journal of wildlife diseases》2002,38(4):851-855
We documented the normal conjunctival bacterial flora from 17 opossums (Didelphis virginiana) and 10 raccoons (Procyon lotor) trapped in Manhattan, Kansas (USA) from November 1999 to January 2000. Both raccoons and opossums were free of apparent ocular disease. The inferior conjunctival sacs of each animal were swabbed for aerobic bacterial and Mycoplasma culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Mycoplasma and Chlamydia detection. All conjunctival samples were positive for one or more species of aerobic bacteria. The most common isolate from opossums was Staphylococcus spp. Other isolates included Streptococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp., and Enterococcus faecalis. The most common isolates in raccoons was Bacillus spp. Other isolates included Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., non-hemolytic Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis. Mycoplasma culture was negative in samples from opossums and raccoons. Evidence of Mycoplasma and Chlamydia presence was detected by PCR. 相似文献
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A raccoon (Procyon lotor) live-trapped in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania was heavily infected with the tapeworm Atriotaenia procyonis. Histopathologic examination of the duodenum revealed this tapeworm attached to the mucosa; the mucosa was mildly hyperplastic without a significant inflammatory infiltrate. This tapeworm was seen also within the proximal pancreatic duct and histopathologic lesions associated with its presence consisted of marked hyperplasia of mucosal cells, causing the formation of an extensive papillary projection into the duct lumen. Inflammatory cellular reaction was minimal, consisting primarily of lymphocytes, and was seen in the mucosa and submucosa of the duct. The presence of A. procyonis in the pancreas of this raccoon is considered to be an aberrant location for this parasite and has not been reported previously. 相似文献
11.
Shibata H Akahane R Honjoh T Asano M Mominoki K Fujii K Suzuki M Ohtaishi N Ishioka K Ahmed M Soliman M Kimura K Saito M 《Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Comparative experimental biology》2005,303(7):527-533
Several reports have been published on blood leptin concentrations in feral animals, including members of the Carnivora, using a commercially available multi-species radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit with anti-human leptin antibody. However, we observed weak immunoreactivity between recombinant canine leptin and anti-human leptin antibody, suggesting a limitation in the applicability of the RIA kit for leptin assays in Carnivora species. We tested the applicability of RIA and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with anti-canine leptin antibody to assay blood leptin in the dog (Canis familiaris) and the raccoon (Procyon lotor). When RIA was used for recombinant canine leptin and dog sera, values were much lower than those determined by ELISA at higher concentrations (>10 ng/ml), while rather higher at lower concentrations (<2 ng/ml). A similar discrepancy between the two methods was found for serum leptin concentrations in raccoons. Clear seasonal variations were observed by ELISA, but not by RIA, with high values in autumn (3.46+/-0.45 ng/ml) and low values in spring and summer (0.71+/-0.07 ng/ml). Serum leptin concentrations in raccoons correlated positively with their body weight (r=0.753) and body mass index (r=0.755), corroborating our previous findings of a strong positive correlation between serum leptin concentrations and body fat content in dogs. Thus, the canine leptin ELISA is useful for assays of dog and raccoon leptin, and blood leptin is a good marker of nutritional condition in the species of Carnivora assayed in this study. 相似文献
12.
Numerous Phagicola angrense were associated with enteritis in a single male juvenile raccoon (Procyon lotor) live-trapped on Parramore Island, Virginia (USA). The raccoon was weak, ataxic and had melenic soft feces. The carcass was emaciated, pale and had ascites. Mesenteric vessels appeared prominent and the stomach and the intestines contained fetid bloody material. The small intestinal mucosa contained three locally extensive sites of necrosis. Histopathologically, there were numerous small digeneans both attached to the mucosa and free within the lumen. Digeneans were usually found deep within the crypts where the epithelium was markedly attenuated and devoid of epithelial cells at the point of parasite attachment. In the lamina propria there were areas of acute hemorrhage and infiltration with plasma cells and eosinophils. This appears to be the first record of severe enteritis in the raccoon caused by this digenean. 相似文献
13.
A 2-yr retrospective survey (1995-1998) of 63 adult raccoons (Procyon lotor) from Oregon, northwestern United States, was conducted by histopathological examination of various tissues. An overall prevalence of capillariasis was recorded in 52% of the raccoons. Highest prevalence of nematodes (29/30, 97.7%) was present in the anal sacs, where variable numbers of nematodes, their ova, and extensive diffuse inflammatory cellular infiltrate were evident. Lesser numbers of nematodes were also seen in the mucosa of the anterior alimentary tract (mouth 2/63, tongue 10/62, esophagus 2/63) and in the urinary bladder (7/63). However, at these sites, there was a paucity of inflammatory infiltrate. The findings of this study indicate that capillariasis of the anal sacs is commonly seen in free-ranging raccoons in Oregon, and the infection is essentially subclinical because only 1 case of anal sac impaction has been reported. Measurements of the nematode and their ova from the anal sacs indicate that it is most likely a new capillariid species, which to date has not been fully described in raccoons. It is speculated that the high prevalence of anal sac infection by a Capillaria sp. in Oregon raccoons may also be true for raccoons in other parts of North America and in parts of Europe and Asia where this species has been introduced. 相似文献
14.
A juvenile raccoon (Procyon lotor) was found moribund near Fort Collins, Colorado (USA). Upon examination, the raccoon was dehydrated, had a mucopurulent oculonasal discharge and diarrhea, and was euthanized. Postmortem examination revealed emaciation, severe fibrinous gastroenteritis and a small, firm liver. Histopathological findings included blunting of villi, infiltration of lamina propria with neutrophils and plasma cells, and mild bronchopneumonia. Cryptosporidium sp. was demonstrated on intestinal villi and coronavirus and parvovirus were identified in feces. Fluorescent antibody test for rabies was negative and no evidence of canine distemper was found. 相似文献
15.
D E Snyder 《Journal of wildlife diseases》1989,25(2):294-296
Histologic examination of the tongue of one juvenile male raccoon demonstrated the presence of adults and unembryonated eggs of the nematode Capillaria procyonis within parasite-induced tunnels in the stratified squamous epithelium. There was no inflammatory infiltrate within the epithelium or the subjacent lamina propria. The shape of tunnels approximated that of the resident nematodes and were lined by flattened and attenuated epithelial cells. Therefore, the site of infection of C. procyonis in the raccoon includes the oral, lingual and pharyngeal epithelium in addition to the esophagus. 相似文献
16.
Reuven Yosef Satish A. Pande Amit P. Pawashe Raju Kasambe Lynette Mitchell 《Acta ethologica》2010,13(1):63-67
The Forest Owlet (Athene blewitti) is critically endangered and at extremely high risk of extinction owing to its restricted distribution. An expedition was
organized to determine the density of the Forest Owlet in the Melghat Tiger Reserve in February 2004 where they had been observed
sporadically in the previous 5 years. We hoped to identify as many individuals as possible and to observe interspecific interactions
in order to understand the social framework in which the species survives. A total of 43.4 km of jungle roads was checked;
we confirmed the presence of three of the 13 previously reported individuals, and found 11 previously undetected owlets. Owlets
were found in areas with several interconnected forest clearings which allowed the owlets to forage in them. In all cases
where the Forest Owlet occurred, a village or agricultural fields of the indigenous people (Adivasis) was within a 0.5-km
radius. It appears that Forest Owlets preferred to establish feeding territories in areas disturbed by anthropogenic activity
such as clearing dead trees and undergrowth for fire, trampling undergrowth while searching for firewood, burning areas around
the agricultural plots, or driving herds of cattle through the area. All of these activities appear to optimize the habitat
for the sit-and-wait foraging Forest Owlet, facilitating detection and tracking of prey in open areas with sparse and short
undergrowth, allowing a better all-round view due to a lower density of trees. 相似文献
17.
Lemberger KY Gondim LF Pessier AP McAllister MM Kinsel MJ 《The Journal of parasitology》2005,91(4):960-961
During a canine distemper virus (CDV) outbreak in raccoons (Procyon lotor) from Cook County, Illinois, a juvenile female suffering from seizures was killed and necropsied. Gross and histologic findings of necrotizing encephalitis and proliferative bronchopneumonia were attributed to CDV infection and considered the cause of clinical signs. A section of cerebellum stained immunohistochemically for Neospora caninum revealed an approximately 40 microm diameter, round to oval cyst with a 2- to 3-microm-thick wall and filled with 1-2 microm diameter, round to oval bradyzoites. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results were positive for N. caninum using DNA extracted from the brain. Specific PCR for the closely related organisms Toxoplasma gondii and Hammondia heydorni yielded negative results. This case report provides histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular evidence that raccoons are a naturally occurring intermediate host of N. caninum. 相似文献
18.
Procyonostrongylus muelleri gen. et sp. n. from under the epithelium of the epiglottis of Procyon l. lotor is distinguished by 1) the absence of lips; 2) a highly developed reinforced bursa with a deep terminal incision; 3) highly developed toothlike dorsal rays; 1) greatly reduced externodorsal rays; and 5) the terminal or subterminal anus and vulva in the female. 相似文献
19.
Evans RH 《The Journal of parasitology》2002,88(1):189-190
Baylisascaris procyonis is the common intestinal nematode of the raccoon and is well-recognized as a cause of visceral, ocular, and neural larva migrans in many species of wild and domestic birds and mammals, including humans. To develop data on the prevalence of B. procyonis in Orange County, California, 800 distinct raccoon latrine sites were sampled in 4 spatial zones from 15 January to 31 December 2000. Counts of fecal eggs per gram (EPG) were determined and evaluated with reference to spatial zone and season of collection. No significant differences in EPG were noted among the spatial zones. However, EPG exhibited a significant rise (37,730 +/- 1,865) in the fall and a significant decline (26,204 +/- 1,446) in the winter (ANOVA, P = 0.045). The overall egg prevalence was 100%, and the overall mean EPG was 30,265 +/- 867. 相似文献
20.
Many seeds are dormant when shed from the mother plant. This unique characteristic of plants poses challenges in conservation and many different treatments have traditionally been used to break dormancy. When germination only occurs under certain circumstances, recruitment may be insufficient and the viability of plant populations may be threatened. A marked dormancy was previously identified in the Iberian critically endangered species Pseudomisopates rivas-martinezii. The present study aimed to determine the magnitude of dormancy by estimating seed viability under different germination treatments: heat, ash, stratification, gibberellin addition, and darkness. Our results indicate that there were significant differences in viability across plant populations and treatments. Maximum seed germination was obtained under ash addition, although cold stratification alone gave a considerable enhancement. However, gibberellic acid did not improve germination and darkness had a diminishing effect. In conclusion, a cold period is required for the species to germinate, coupled with the effects of fire: (1) ash, (2) vegetation clearings, and (3) resprouting, which are major factors triggering seed germination. Although these conditions are widely found in the field, we hypothesize that a more dramatic situation may have tackled this species before the increase of human-mediated fires in the past millennia. 相似文献