限制酶介导整合技术：一种克隆新基因的新策略

限制酶介导整合（REMI）技术是近年发展起来的一种研究新基因的方法,已被用于盘基网柄菌、酵母和丝状真菌等微生物细胞与发育过程的研究。结合质粒拯救技术,可快速分离质粒两侧未知的基因组DNA序列,进而对该序列做进一步分析和研究。我们简要介绍了REMI技术的基本原理、影响因素、缺点及其应用。     

葡萄溃疡病菌限制性内切酶介导整合方法的建立及转化子库的构建

[目的]摸索葡萄溃疡病菌(Lasiodiplodia theobromae)限制性内切酶介导整合(Restriction enzyme mediated integration,REMI)的转化方法,并构建CSS-01s (L.theobromae)的REMI转化子库.[方法]利用REMI转化方法,将线性化的含有潮霉素抗性基因(Hygromycin phosphotransferase gene,Hyg)的pUCATPH质粒转化CSS-01s菌株的原生质体;测定其对潮霉素B的敏感浓度,摸索不同酶解液和酶解时间对原生质体制备的影响,统计不同限制性内切酶酶量对转化效率的影响,以摸索出的最优条件构建CSS-01s菌株的REMI转化子库,采用Southern blot的方法验证转化子.[结果]首次建立了一套L.theobromae的REMI转化方法,经转化得到包含6 000余个转化子的L.theobromaeCSS-01s转化子库,随机挑选的5个转化子经Southern blot分析,质粒均插入到了Hind Ⅲ相应的酶切位点处.[结论]浓度为2％崩溃酶+2％蜗牛酶酶混合液、酶解4h为原生质体获得的最优条件,每管转化体系中加入30 UHind Ⅲ时转化效率最高,该方法可以用来获得大量不同表型的REMI转化子.     

REMI介导电转化产甘油假丝酵母

为了分离耐高渗和甘油代谢相关基因,以Zeocin为选择标记,利用REMI技术电转化产甘油假丝酵母Candida glycerinogenes。考察了7种限制性内切酶对转化的影响,选择HindIII进一步优化了转化的几个条件。结果表明,在OD600≈1.3时收集细胞,在1.5kV电压下,感受态细胞浓度为2.0×109个细胞/mL,100U Hind III时,能获得129个转化子/μgDNA的较高转化率,58%的转化子稳定,表明REMI技术适合于产甘油假丝酵母的转化。     

玉米弯孢叶斑病菌REMI白化突变体的筛选与致病性测定

旨在探讨玉米弯孢叶斑病菌致病机制及遗传变异特性,利用限制性内切酶介导的基因整合技术(REMI)对Curvularia lunata进行了遗传转化,共获得109个稳定的突变株。PCR检测结果表明,质粒p UC-JS已成功导入突变株中,转化子既有单拷贝也有多拷贝,白化菌株单拷贝插入频率为40%。此外,白化玉米弯孢叶斑病菌REMI突变株菌落颜色与野生菌株差异明显,并且在致病性上也明显弱于野生菌株;质粒拯救、测序与blast分析推测插入可能导致FAD3基因功能丧失。     

捕食线虫真菌捕食器相关基因标记Ⅰ.——REMI转化捕食线虫真菌及转化子特征分析

采用REMI技术转化了少孢节丛孢、指状节丛孢和贵州节丛孢3种捕食线虫真菌,并对转化条件、转化子的形态特征、胞外蛋白酶的分泌差异、抗性稳定性进行了测定,分析了转化子对线虫的致病性和对土壤抑菌作用的忍耐性。     

捕食线虫真菌捕食器相关基因标记Ⅰ.REMI转化捕食线虫真菌及转化子特征分析

采用REMI技术转化了少孢节丛孢、指状节丛孢和贵州节丛孢3种捕食线虫真菌,并对转化条件、转化子的形态特征、胞外蛋白酶的分泌差异、抗性稳定性进行了测定,分析了转化子对线虫的致病性和对土壤抑菌作用的忍耐性。     

红曲霉不同转化方法比较

为了研究红曲霉聚酮体途径,考察和比较了4种不同的转化方法以建立有效的红曲霉遗传转化系统。以潮霉素作为抗性筛选标记,pBC-Hygro作为转化载体,用基于原生质体的传统转化和电击转化、基于萌发孢子的电击转化以及REMI技术转化红曲霉。发现基于萌发孢子的电击转化由于转化率极低而不适于红曲霉转化。基于原生质体的传统转化和电击转化尽管每微克DNA分别能获得135个转化子和125个转化子,但因转化子稳定性差也适合红曲霉转化的转化。应用REMI技术,转化率提高约20倍,每微克DNA 2500个转化子,70%～75%的转化子的稳定,非常适合于红曲霉的转化。      

REMI介导电转化产甘油假丝酵母

为了分离耐高渗和甘油代谢相关基因,以Zeocin为选择标记,利用REMI技术电转化产甘油假丝酵母Candida glycerinogenes。考察了7种限制性内切酶对转化的影响,选择Hind III进一步优化了转化的几个条件。结果表明,在OD₆₀₀≈1.3 时收集细胞,在1.5 kV 电压下,感受态细胞浓度为2.0×10⁹个细胞/mL,100U Hind III时,能获得129个转化子/μg DNA的较高转化率,58% 的转化子稳定,表明REMI技术适合于产甘油假丝酵母的转化。     

链格孢菌原生质体的制备与限制性内切酶介导整合(REMI)转化的致病性诱变

以链格孢菌Alternariaalternata菌株NEW为供试菌株,研究了菌龄、酶系统、酶解时间、酶解温度及稳渗剂对链格孢菌原生质体制备的影响。结果表明,制备链格孢菌原生质体比较适宜的条件为PD液体培养基培养20h,以0.7mol/LNaCl为稳渗剂、1%LysingEnzyme、1%Drislase和1%Snailase3种酶溶液混合使用,30℃酶解3h。对原生质体进行了限制性内切酶介导整合(REMI)转化,筛选到了链格孢菌弱致病突变株NEW001,为致病相关基因的标记和克隆打下了基础。     

稻瘟病菌致病突变体的REMI诱变与鉴定

以水稻“爱知旭”(Aichi—aShahi)为寄主,将带选择标记的质粒pCSN43和pBF101为外源DNA,利用限制酶诱导整合(REMI)这种新方法转化稻瘟病菌原生质体,从筛选到的数百个转化体中分离出3个与致病能力密切相关的突变体R2H65、R2H69和R281565。其中,R2H65和R2H69只产生畸形分生孢子,分生孢子的发育和附着胞的形成以及黑色素的合成均受到极大影响,致病性测试证明完全丧失致病能力;R281565的许多表型与野生型的相似,但致病能力却大大降低。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Analysis of mechanism of formation of epidemic variant of disease activator

Pre-epidemic circulation of a multivariate agent is simulated. An assumption on the possibility of forming a new variant as a combination of properties of circulating variants is examined.