HPLC-photodiode array detection analysis of curcuminoids in Curcuma species indigenous to Indonesia

An optimized HPLC method with photodiode array detection was developed and applied to analyse the curcuminoids curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bis-demethoxycurcumin in rhizomes of Curcuma mangga Val &. v. Zijp, C. heyneana Val. & v. Zijp, C. aeruginosa Roxb. and C. soloensis Val. (Zingiberaceae), indigenous to Indonesia. The method was validated with an isocratic system, a short run time of 10 min and a baseline separation. The curcuminoid content was 0.18-0.47% for C. mangga, 0.98-3.21% for C. heyneana, 0.02-0.03% for C. aeruginosa and 0.40% for C. soloensis.     

姜黄根茎内生真菌区系分析

目的了解姜黄植物根茎中内生真菌群落组成和生态分布规律。方法采用表面消毒法分别于春、冬季从姜黄植物根茎中分离内生真菌,通过形态特征和基于ITS序列的系统发育分析初步确定其分类地位。结果分离获得51株内生真菌(春季33株、冬季18株),初步鉴定其分别归于5个纲、7个目、8个科、8个属(Fusarium,Gibberel-la,Alternaria,Phomopsis,Diaporthe,Nectria,Botryosphaeria,Mucor),其中镰刀菌属(Fusarium,51.0%)和赤霉属(Gibberel-la,17.6%)为优势菌群;春季分离的内生真菌分属于7个属(分离率为82.5%),而冬季的内生真菌仅归入4个属(分离率为45.0%)。结论姜黄植物中内生真菌具有较丰富的物种和系统发育多样性,在类群组成和分布上存在季节性差异,某些内生真菌(Fusariumsp.)具有宿主偏好性。     

莪术基源及其活性成分开发利用

本文就莪术的植物种源,种质多样性,无性快繁和高产细胞悬浮体系的建立,活性成分分析、鉴别和结构解析,成分提取和分离,生理活性及其作用机理,剂型和结构改造等方面的研究成果进行了综述,对尚待深入研究的一些问题进行了探讨。     

姜黄属花卉种质资源表型性状分析

依据姜黄属(Curcuma)花卉育种目标，对16份姜黄属植物的11个数量性状及7个质量性状进行因子和聚类分析评价。结果表明，姜黄属植物表型性状复杂多变，供试材料数量性状变异系数介于26.70%～95.44%，叶片主脉绿色，上苞片藕粉或玫红色，晕斑绿色，唇瓣紫色和旗瓣白色为姜黄属典型表型性状。主成分分析表明，9个重要观赏性状归于3个主成分中。根据表型性状各主成分进行聚类分析，供试16份种质被分为三大类群，第Ⅰ类群11个品种均为姜荷花(Curcuma alismatifolia)，其中‘清迈粉’的上苞片面积最大，观赏性最突出，但株型偏小。第Ⅱ类群4个品种，花型花色极具特色，株型更大，抗性强，以所罗门姜黄(C. soloensis)表现最优。第Ⅲ类群的女皇郁金(C. petiolata)生长势最为强健。在三个类群之间开展杂交育种有望获得兼具观赏性和生长势的后代。     

The efficacy and safety of Curcuma longa extract and curcumin supplements on osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of Curcuma longa extract and curcumin supplements on osteoarthritis (OA).Methods: The databases such as Pubmed and Cochrane Library were searched to collect the article about Curcuma longa extract and curcumin in the treatment of OA. Then, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected and their data were extracted. Finally, the RevMan5.3 was utilized for risk of bias assessment and meta-analysis, the STATA15.0 were utilized for publication bias assessment, and GRADE tool were used for the evidence quality assessment of primary outcomes.Results: A total of 15 RCTs involving 1621 participants were included. (1) Compared with placebo, Curcuma longa extract and curcumin (C.) can decrease the visual analog scale (VAS) and The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) score-pain, the WOMAC score-function and the WOMAC score-stiffness. In terms of adverse events, Curcuma longa extract and curcumin are comparable with those of placebo. (2) Compared with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Curcuma longa extract and curcumin have similar effects on joint pain, function and stiffness. The incidence of adverse events in Curcuma longa extract and curcumin was lower. (3) Compared with the NSAIDs group, C.+NSAIDs can also decrease the VAS and WOMAC score-pain, the WOMAC score-function and the WOMAC score-stiffness. In terms of adverse events, the addition of Curcuma longa extract and curcumin to NSAIDs did not increase adverse events.Conclusion: Curcuma longa extract and curcumin may be a safer and effective supplement for OA patients. It is recommended to use Curcuma longa extract and curcumin supplement for OA patients for more than 12 weeks.     

中国姜黄属-新种-南昆山莪术

报道姜科姜黄属-新种-南昆山莪术(Curcuma nankunshanensis N.Liu,X.B.Ye&J.Chen).该种与近缘种广西莪术(C kwangsiensis X.X.Chen)的区别在于侧根茎分枝多,叶片阔椭圆状披针形,表面光滑无毛,不育苞片下部白色顶端深紫红色,能育苞片绿色.它与郁金(C aromatica Sahib)的区别在于根茎内面白色,不育苞片下部白色顶端深紫红色,具有种子.     

中国姜黄属一新种—南昆山莪术

报道姜科姜黄属一新种一南昆山莪术（Curcumana nkunshanensis N．Liu,X．B．Ye＆J．Chen）。该种与近缘种广西莪术（C.kwangsiensis X．X．Chen）的区别在于侧根茎分枝多,叶片阔椭圆状披针形,表面光滑无毛,不育苞片下部白色顶端深紫红色,能育苞片绿色。它与郁金（caromatica Safib）的区别在于根茎内面白色,不育苞片下部白色顶端深紫红色,具有种子。     

姜荷花炭疽病病原菌分离与鉴定

利用常规组织分离法对姜荷花炭疽病病原菌进行了分离,并对分离菌株进行培养、纯化、回接和重新分离,最后利用形态学和分子生物学技术对致病菌株进行了鉴定.结果表明:从感病叶片中分离得到6株病原菌,病原菌室外回接发现只有菌株Cum-3致病,Cum-3室外回接致病率96.7％,室内回接致病率100％.形态学鉴定,Cum-3为镰孢酶...     

姜荷花引种适应性及不同采切方式对种球生产的影响

观察姜荷花在福州地区引种栽培的适应情况,并分析其切花不同采切方式对种球产量及品质的影响。结果表明,福州地区露地栽培的姜荷花生长发育正常,种球繁殖率达3.6倍左右;切花采收时带1片叶的种球产量、质量最佳。     

Volatiles of Curcuma mangga Val. & Zijp (Zingiberaceae) from Malaysia

Analysis by GC and GC/MS of the essential oil obtained from Malaysian Curcuma mangga Val. & Zijp (Zingiberaceae) rhizomes allowed the identification of 97 constituents, comprising 89.5% of the total oil composition. The major compounds were identified as myrcene (1; 46.5%) and β-pinene (2; 14.6%). The chemical composition of this and additional 13 oils obtained from selected Curcuma L. taxa were compared using multivariate statistical analyses (agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis). The results of the statistical analyses of this particular data set pointed out that 1 could be potentially used as a valuable infrageneric chemotaxonomical marker for C. mangga. Moreover, it seems that C. mangga, C. xanthorrhiza Roxb., and C. longa L. are, with respect to the volatile secondary metabolites, closely related. In addition, comparison of the essential oil profiles revealed a potential influence of the environmental (geographical) factors, alongside with the genetic ones, on the production of volatile secondary metabolites in Curcuma taxa.     

Survey and characterization of NBS-LRR (R) genes in Curcuma longa transcriptome

Resistance genes are among the most important gene classes for plant breeding purposes being responsible for activation of plant defense mechanisms. Among them, the nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat (NBS-LRR) class R-genes are the most abundant and actively found in all types of plants. Insilico characterization of EST database resulted in the detection of 28 NBS types R-gene sequences in Curcuma longa. All the 28 sequences represented the NB-ARC domain, 21 of which were found to have highly conserved motif characteristics and categorized as regular NBS genes. The Open Reading Frames varied from 361 (CL.CON.3566) to 112 (CL.CON.1267) with an average of 279 amino acids. Most alignment occurred with monocots (67.8%) with emphasis on Oryza sativa and Zingiber sequences. All best alignments with dicots occurred with Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus trichocarpa and Medicago sativa. These detected NBS type Rgenes from Curcuma longa can be used as a valuable resource for molecular marker development, molecular mapping of R-genes, and identification of resistance gene analogs and functional and evolutionary characterization of NBS-LRR-encoding resistance genes in asexually reproducing plants.     

广西姜黄挥发油两种提取方法的比较研究

以广西姜黄那坡县种植的姜黄为原料,以水蒸汽蒸馏法和以石油醚为溶剂的索氏提取法,分别提取挥发油,并用GC-MS分析法对这些以不同加工途径获取的姜黄挥发油进行成分分析,比较了不同的加工办法对挥发油的加工得率、主要成分和含量的影响。研究表明:广西那坡的姜黄挥发油主要成分为:α-姜黄烯、芳姜黄酮、(-)-姜烯、β-倍半水芹烯、β-姜黄酮、α-姜黄酮、4-(1,5-二甲基-4-己烯基)-2-环己烯酮、β-没药烯。     

两种莪术类药用植物姜黄素提取物对小鼠抗氧化活性研究

本研究通过对两种莪术类药用植物姜黄素提取物,结合3种姜黄素的含量分析其对小鼠的抗氧化药效。通过高效液相色谱法测定总姜黄素提取物中3种姜黄素的含量。选取48只雌性小鼠,随机分成4组分别灌胃提取液(含1组喂基础饲料)。正常饲喂14 d后,小鼠采血测定SOD (超氧化物歧化酶)、CAT (过氧化氢酶)、GSH-Px (谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶)、XOD (黄嘌呤氧化酶)及NO (一氧化氮)、MDA (丙二醛)含量。结果表明,经姜黄素提取液灌胃的小鼠,SOD、CAT、XOD活性升高,NO含量下降;GSH-PX活性普遍升高,MDA含量普遍下降;2种莪术抗氧化活性具有差异性,浓度或含量与抗氧化活性不具有正相关关系;产地不同,也是影响体内抗氧化活性的因素之一。     

海南温郁金的主要病虫害及防治方法

海南省自1997年引进种植温郁金以来,温郁金病虫害流行愈发严重.本文针对近年来温郁金发生的主要病虫害进行田间调查和研究,提出科学防治方法及措施,以期为海南温郁金产业的可持续发展提供技术支持和参考借鉴.     

Two new species of Curcuma (Zingiberaceae) used as cobra-bite antidotes

Two new species of Curcuma, C. sattayasaii A. Chaveerach ＆ R. Sudmoon and C. zedoaroides A. Chaveerach ＆ T. Tanee with rhizomes traditionally used for many decades as cobra-bite antidotes are described and illustrated. Curcuma sattayasaii is similar to C. longa L., but differs in rhizome horizontally branching on ground; coma bracts pinkish-white or pinkish-pale green; corolla pale yellow with orange tip; labellum pale orange with an orange central band; anther crest very short, broadly ovate, wider than long. Curcuma zedoaroides is similar to C. zedoaria （Christm.） Roscoe, but differs in rhizome branching pattern; the protruding secondary rhizomes curved down; blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate; peduncle glabrous; fertile and coma bracts glabrous; corolla lobes pale yellow to white, lateral lobe ovate, dorsal lobe broadly ovate. The new taxa have been found in a village of Khon Kaen Province, Northeastern Thailand.     

姜黄根茎中姜黄素类成分含量的产地差异及其与环境因子的CCA分析

采用HPLC法对产自四川崇州和犍为、广东四会、广西玉林和博白及金秀、云南马关的姜黄(Curcuma longaL.)根茎中姜黄素类成分含量进行测定,并利用典范对应分析方法(CCA)研究了不同产地姜黄根茎中姜黄素类成分含量与地理-气候因子及根际土壤养分因子间的相关性。结果表明:不同产地根际土壤中有机质、全N、全P和全K含量分别为14.03～32.79、0.39～0.92、0.56～1.55和2.29～9.23 g.kg-1,根际土壤养分含量差异较明显;姜黄多生长在中性偏酸、水肥性能良好的土壤中。姜黄根茎中姜黄素、去甲氧基姜黄素和双去甲氧基姜黄素含量及姜黄素类成分总含量的平均值分别为1.53%、0.42%、0.67%和2.61%;不同产地姜黄根茎中姜黄素类成分含量有显著差异,且同一产地采自不同采样点及不同采样时间的样品姜黄素类成分的含量也有一定差异。姜黄素类成分总含量以广西博白产姜黄根茎最高(4.29%)、广东四会产姜黄根茎最低(1.73%)。CCA分析结果表明:在经度、纬度、海拔、年均气温、极端最高温、极端最低温、年降水量、日照时数和无霜期等地理-气候因子中,年均气温和极端最低温与姜黄素类成分含量极显著正相关;而在pH值及有机质、全N、全P、全K含量等根际土壤养分因子中,有机质含量与姜黄素类成分含量极显著正相关。分析结果显示:影响姜黄根茎中姜黄素类成分含量的主要环境因子是年均气温、极端最低温和根际土壤的有机质含量。     

郁金化学成分的研究

从郁金块根中分离得到10个化合物,经化学方法和光谱分析,分别鉴定为环二十二酸内酯(1),阿魏酸乙酯(2),6—methyl-7-(3-oxobutyl)-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-one(3),异莪术烯醇(4),莪术烯醇(5),阿魏酸(6),姜黄素(7),去甲氧基姜黄素(8),二去甲氧基姜黄素(9)和胡罗卜苷(10),其中1为新化合物,3为新的天然产物,2,3和6为首次从该属植物中分得。     

Preparation of carbon dot‐based ratiometric fluorescent probes for cellular imaging from Curcuma longa

This work derived biocompatible and stable probes based on fluorescent nanoparticles (FNPs) from a natural source, Curcuma longa. The multi‐color fluorescence emissions from carbonized Curcuma longa (C‐FNPs) obtained through defined dehydration conditions are soluble in water and have a small particle size (~17 nm). The surface passivation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) capped with amine groups in FNPs (P‐FNPs) generated a probe with a higher quantum yield and longer fluorescence lifetime than obtained with C‐FNPs. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction spectra confirmed the associated chemical moieties of C‐FNPs and P‐FNPs. Furthermore, the prepared material showed non‐toxic effects with almost 100% cell viability, even at high concentrations. In conclusion, fluorescence sensors from natural sources may be useful for numerous biomedical research applications.     

Studies on antidermatophytic activity of waste leaves of Curcuma longa L.

During antidermatophytic screening of some essential oils, Curcuma longa L. exhibited the strongest antifungal activity, completely inhibiting the mycelial growth of ringworm, caused by the fungi- Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The essential oil from leaves of Curcuma longa was fungicidal at 2.5 μl/ml at which it tolerated heavy doses of inoculum. The fungicidal activity of the oil was thermostable up to 80 °C and self life up to 24 months in storage. The oil also showed a broad fungitoxic spectrum, inhibiting the mycelial growth of other fungi, viz., Epidermophyton floccosum, M. nanum, T. rubrum, T. violaceum. Moreover, up to 5 % concentration it did not exhibit any adverse effect on mammalian skins. The oil has been formulated in the form of an ointment, 1 % w/v and subjected to topical testing on patients of the Out Patient Department (OPD) at Moti Lal Nehru Medical College, Allahabad. Patients were selected on the basis of KOHpositive results and diagnosed tenia corporis. After the second week of treatment, all patients were KOH- negative. At the end of medication, 75 % of patients recovered completely while 15 % showed significant improvement from the disease. The ointment thus, can be exploited commercially after ongoing successful clinical trials. Relationship of the dermatophytes to the toxicity of the oil vis-a-vis phylogeny using molecular data of the pathogens have also been discussed.