双歧杆菌发酵果蔬汁的体外生物拮抗作用研究

目的研究双歧杆菌发酵果蔬汁的体外生物拮抗作用及影响因素。方法采用纸片扩散法(K-B法)、琼脂打孔法和试管稀释法(MIC)研究双歧杆菌发酵果蔬汁对常见病原菌的体外拮抗作用,并讨论pH、加热对拮抗作用的影响。结果发酵果蔬汁及其处理物(加热、不同pH)均具有一定的抑菌作用。结论双歧杆菌发酵果蔬汁对常见病原菌有一定的拮抗作用。     

对双歧杆菌DM9227株的实验研究——Ⅰ.双歧杆菌DM9227株的试管内生物拮抗作用的研究

本文对由健康婴儿分离的双歧杆菌DM9227株进行了试管内的生物拮抗试验。将双歧杆菌DM9227株分别与金黄色葡萄球菌、产毒性大肠杆菌及侵袭性大肠杆菌以一定的比例等量混合接种于PYG液体培养基中进行厌氧培养。试验证明双歧杆菌DM9227株能明显抑制上述3种细菌的生长繁殖,显示出较强的生物拮抗作用。拮抗机制可能与双歧杆菌DM9227株能产生一定量的醋酸和乳酸,降低培养基的pH,从而抑制该3种菌的生长有关。     

双歧杆菌试管内生物拮抗作用研究

目的 本实验从正常青少年体内分离出1株双歧杆菌,通过试管内研究双歧杆菌对大肠埃希菌和粪肠球菌的生物拮抗作用.为双歧杆菌临床应用及食品开发提供一定的基础理论依据和广阔的市场前景.方法 本项研究以从佳木斯大学健康学生体内分离出1株双歧杆菌为试材,将大肠埃希菌、粪肠球菌接种于PYG液体培养基中,37℃厌氧培养48 h,将菌液浓度利用分光光度计法调到2麦氏.将大肠埃希菌对照组分为10支,分离的双歧杆菌+大肠埃希菌组10支,分离的双歧杆菌对照组10支,分离的双歧杆菌+粪肠球菌组10支,粪肠球菌对照组10支,将以上50个试管全部置于厌氧培养箱内37℃培养48 h,将培养好的大肠埃希菌和粪肠球菌进行梯度稀释,然后用微量移液器吸取标本于每个培养基上滴3滴,每滴滴上由高稀释度向低稀释度,液体量为10 μL的菌液.晾干滴种好的培养基于适宜条件进行培养并选出适合菌落生长的稀释度,计算同一稀释度平均菌落数(x).结果 双歧杆菌12 h时对大肠埃希菌生长无显著性,在24h时检测不到大肠埃希菌的存在.12和24h时粪肠球菌与双歧杆菌混合组与粪肠球菌对照组相比,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 体外对照实验研究该双歧杆菌对大肠埃希菌和粪肠球菌的生物拮抗作用,此株双歧杆菌只对大肠埃希菌有抑制作用,而对粪肠球菌无抑制作用,机制需要深入研究.     

酪酸梭菌与双歧杆菌对肠道致病菌的体外生物拮抗作用

目的：探讨酪酸梭菌和婴儿型双歧杆菌对某些肠道致病菌的拮抗作用,方法：将酪酸梭菌和婴和型双歧杆菌单株菌及两株菌混合后分别与几株肠道致病菌混合接种于GAM液体培养其中进行厌氧培养,通过平板菌落计数法计算肠道致病菌的菌数,结果：经混合培养后肠道致病菌的菌数明显下降,结论：酪酸梭菌LCL166株和婴儿型双歧杆菌LCL172株在体外能明显抑制几株肠道致病菌的生长繁殖。     

双歧杆菌四联活菌片体外生物拮抗作用的研究

目的 实验通过双歧杆菌四联活菌片（思连康）对肠道致病菌体外生物拮抗作用的研究,揭示此药治疗腹泻等疾病的作用机制,为临床应用提供科学依据。方法 对组成药物的4株益生菌发酵培养,定时取样,检测活菌数与pH值。先分别单独培养大肠埃希菌、沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌、思连康活菌片,调整菌液浓度,然后将思连康与每一个致病菌的菌液共同接种于GAM肉汤,并将每种菌液单独接种作为对照组,厌氧培养,定时检测致病菌与双歧杆菌的活菌数并分析。结果 思连康4株菌株发酵终点活菌数均在109 CFU/mL以上,发酵过程中3株原籍菌的pH值逐渐下降,蜡样芽孢杆菌pH值先下降后升高。思连康与致病菌共培养6 h,思连康显著影响大肠埃希菌生长（P0.05）;共培养12 h,思连康对3株致病菌均产生明显抑菌作用（P<0.05）;共培养24 h,未检测到致病菌的存在（P<0.01）。结论 双歧杆菌四联活菌片对致病菌抑制作用强。     

试管内双歧杆菌、复方双歧杆菌制剂对肠道致病菌的拮抗作用

试管内,两歧双歧杆菌(6-1)株对福氏志贺氏痢疾杆菌和侵袭性大肠杆菌都具有一定的拮抗作用。复方双歧杆菌制剂对福氏志贺氏痢疾杆菌具有很强的拮抗作用,甚至能完全抑制其生长繁殖。提示,在抑制肠道致病菌方面,复方双歧杆菌制剂要比单一的双歧杆菌具备更强的效能和更多的优越性。     

酪酸梭菌与婴双歧杆菌对艰难梭菌体外生物拮抗作用的作用

用酪酸梭菌（Clostridium butyricum)和婴双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium infantis)单独或联合艰难菌（Clostridium difficile)进行试管内的生物拮抗作用,将酪酸梭菌、婴儿双歧杆菌单独或酪酸梭菌和婴儿双歧杆菌联合分别与艰难梭菌以一定的比例等量混合后,接种于GAM液体培养基中进行厌氧培养。证明酪酸梭菌和婴儿双歧杆菌能明显抑制艰难梭菌的生长,并且两菌联合比各自单独培养时显示出更强的生物拮抗作用。     

双歧杆菌体外对STM拮抗作用的实验研究

研究休外双歧杆菌对鼠伤寒沙门菌的拮抗作用,方法将两歧双歧杆菌ＳＴＭ混合培养。观察ＳＴＭ生长情况。结果ＳＴＭ和Ｂ．ｂｉｆｉｄｕｍ混合培养与ＳＴＭ单独培养对照相比较,菌量明显降低。结论Ｂ．ｂｉｆｉｄｕｍ在体外对ＳＴＭ有拮抗作用。     

双歧醋对常见病原菌的生物拮抗作用研究

目的研究双歧醋对常见病原菌的生物拮抗作用及影响因素。方法采用纸片扩散法(K-B法)、琼脂打孔法和试管稀释法(M IC法)测定双歧醋及其处理物(加热、不同pH)对常见病原菌的拮抗作用,并讨论pH、加热对拮抗作用的影响,同时用某市售醋作为对照。结果双歧醋及其处理物均具有一定的抑菌作用。结论双歧醋对常见病原菌有一定的拮抗作用,抑菌作用强于市售醋。     

双歧杆菌的耐药性与质粒

目的：研究双歧杆菌的耐药性与质粒的关系。方法 对１７株５种来自微生态制剂的双歧杆菌进行抗生素药敏试验和质粒检测,利用溴化乙锭消除其质粒;比较质粒消除前后耐药性的改变。结果１７株双歧杆菌对氨基糖式类和多肽类抗生素呈强抗性;除１株短型双歧杆菌Ｂ１５７存有２．７Ｋｂ和５．６Ｋｂ两种质粒外,其余菌株均未质粒,消除后持粒的Ｂ１５７株菌对抗生素的敏感性并未改变。结论 此１７株双歧杆菌的耐药性与质粒无直接相关性     

次最低抑菌浓度抗生素对双歧杆菌粘附的影响

本文观察了八种抗生素在次最低抑菌浓度（Ｓｕｂ－ＭＩＣ）下对双歧杆菌和体外培养肠上皮细胞间粘附的影响。结果表明,次最低抑菌浓度的抗生素均能显著地抑制双歧杆菌的粘附,青霉素和万古霉素对双歧杆菌粘附的抑制有剂量及时间效应。提示抗生素抑制双歧杆菌的粘附可能是其引起肠道微生态失衡的一条重要途径。     

抗生素对双歧杆菌影响的观察

本文观察了双歧杆菌对临床常用抗生素的敏感性及其Ｌ型形成和抗生素对动物体内双歧杆菌的影响,发现双歧杆菌对多种抗生素耐药或易形成Ｌ型。动物口服双歧杆菌同时给抗生素,６天后其粪便中仍有大量双歧杆菌或双歧杆菌Ｌ型存在,表明双歧杆菌可通过多种机制逃避抗生素的作用,在机体肠道内长期存在。     

双歧杆菌抗生素耐药性研究进展

目前,由于抗生素的广泛、大量使用,耐药菌株急剧增多,加剧了耐药菌对人类健康和生态环境的威胁。有研究表明,益生菌自身含有的耐药基因或耐药质粒等可通过基因水平转移传递给人体肠道中的致病菌,导致耐药菌感染。随着双歧杆菌相关微生态制剂的广泛应用,通常以活菌形式进入人体的双歧杆菌,与肠道内原籍群混合生长,致使其携带的耐药性基因片段在肠道菌群中水平转移,从而导致某些致病菌具有耐药性。因此,研究双歧杆菌等益生菌的耐药性基因转移有着十分迫切的意义。本文总结了双歧杆菌的耐药性,分析了双歧杆菌的耐药机理,为进一步筛选安全的双歧杆菌菌株提供理论依据。     

Paw-Dragging: a Novel,Sensitive Analysis of the Mouse Cylinder Test

The cylinder test is routinely used to predict focal ischemic damage to the forelimb motor cortex in rodents. When placed in the cylinder, rodents explore by rearing and touching the walls of the cylinder with their forelimb paws for postural support. Following ischemic injury to the forelimb sensorimotor cortex, rats rely more heavily on their unaffected forelimb paw for postural support resulting in fewer touches with their affected paw which is termed forelimb asymmetry. In contrast, focal ischemic damage in the mouse brain fails to result in comparable consistent deficits in forelimb asymmetry. While forelimb asymmetry deficits are infrequently observed, mice do demonstrate a novel behaviour post stroke termed “paw-dragging”. Paw-dragging is the tendency for a mouse to drag its affected paw along the cylinder wall rather than directly push off from the wall when dismounting from a rear to a four-legged stance. We have previously demonstrated that paw-dragging behaviour is highly sensitive to small cortical ischemic injuries to the forelimb motor cortex. Here we provide a detailed protocol for paw-dragging analysis. We define what a paw-drag is and demonstrate how to quantify paw-dragging behaviour. The cylinder test is a simple and inexpensive test to administer and does not require pre-training or food deprivation strategies. In using paw-dragging analysis with the cylinder test, it fills a niche for predicting cortical ischemic injuries such as photothrombosis and Endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced ischemia – two models that are ever-increasing in popularity and produce smaller focal injuries than middle cerebral artery occlusion. Finally, measuring paw-dragging behaviour in the cylinder test will allow studies of functional recovery after cortical injury using a wide cohort of transgenic mouse strains where previous forelimb asymmetry analysis has failed to detect consistent deficits.     

泌尿生殖道解脲支原体和人型支原体感染情况及药敏结果分析

目的 分析抚顺地区泌尿生殖道解脲支原体和人型支原体感染情况及药敏情况。方法 采用支原体培养、鉴定、药敏一体化试剂盒对710名患者进行解脲支原体（Uu）和人型支原体（Mh）检测和其对9种抗菌药物的药敏试验。结果 710名患者中共检出支原体感染者200名,阳性率为28.17%。其中Uu 140名（19.71%）,Mh 12名（1.69%）,Uu+Mh混合感染48名（6.76%）。药敏结果表明,支原体对强力霉素、美满霉素和克拉霉素敏感率高,分别为95.71%,98.57%和91.42%。结论 抚顺地区支原体感染发病率较高,以单纯Uu感染为主,美满霉素是治疗支原体感染的首选药物。     

252例前列腺炎患者前列腺液细菌培养及药敏试验结果

目的了解本地区细菌性前列腺炎患者感染的病原菌种类及耐药情况,为临床治疗提供依据。方法对252例细菌性前列腺炎患者的前列腺液作细菌培养,用美国德灵公司MicroScan Auto SCAN4型细菌鉴定仪及药敏分析仪对分离的细菌进行鉴定及药敏试验。结果252例标本中,阳性154例,阳性率61．1％,以金黄色葡萄球菌为主,其次为大肠埃希菌和表皮葡萄球菌。药敏试验结果显示,常规使用的抗生素如青霉素G、氨苄西林、复方新诺明、环丙沙星等耐药率较高,在61．3％-83．9％,而对万古霉素、亚胺培南、阿米卡星、妥布霉素、利福平、左旋氧氟沙星等敏感性较高。结论细菌性前列腺炎患者的治疗,应以细菌培养及药敏试验结果为依据,指导临床合理选用抗菌药物。     

Bivariate Sign Tests Sensitive to Homeo- and Heteropoetic Treatment Effects

Starting from N paired differences of a continuous variable, BENNETT 's (1962) bivariate sign test is identified as a test against so called homeopoetic treatment effects (or location shifts in one or both variables X and Y). As a complement, a new sign test is identified to be sensitive to so called heteropoetic treatment effects (shifts in dispersion). Both tests are shown to be important in biomedical and psychosocial research. A numerical example is given from psychopharmacology using the new bivariate sign test.     

Autoaggregation and surface hydrophobicity of bifidobacteria

Thirteen strains of four different Bifidobacterium spp. were observed for their autoaggregation ability and surface hydrophobicity, and correlation between these two traits was determined. Bifidobacteria were classified into high, medium and low autoaggregation strains according to autoaggregation ratio measured from changes in absorbance of media. High autoaggregation strains showed microscopic clustering of cells, whereas low and medium autoaggregation strains showed no such clustering. Autoaggregation ability decreased in high autoaggregation strains but increased in medium and low autoaggregation strains when the assay was performed at higher temperature (37°C compared with 25 and 10°C). Bacterial strains belonging to the high, medium or low autoaggregation group were correlated in terms of their surface hydrophobicity and evaluated based on changes in absorbance of the bacterial suspension before and after extraction with xylene. These results indicate that autoaggregation ability, together with surface hydrophobicity and microscopic image could be used for evaluating the adhesion ability of potential probiotic bifidobacterial strains. Moreover, a synergistic effect of pH and media may be involved in autoaggregation.     

The Median Test and Inhomogeneity of Slopes

By some examples it is shown that the median test is not robust against deviations from homogeneity of slopes. It is also shown that it is not conservative if this assumption does not hold true.     

Longitudinal analysis and genotyping of infant dominant bifidobacterial populations

Bifidobacterial population dynamics were investigated by the longitudinal analysis of the dominant population isolated from the feces of young infants. After molecular identification and fingerprinting comparison, clone identity of the consecutive strains belonging to the same species for one individual was performed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The results, obtained from 15 individuals sampled four times over a five-week period suggested a turnover of the dominant bifidobacteria in the population not only at the species but also at its species representative levels. This study provides new insights of the in vivo dynamics of commensal bifidobacteria. It highlights the need to take into consideration the fluctuation of bifidobacterial populations that may occur in one individual in order to investigate reliably the impact of dietary components, such as probiotics or prebiotics, on the intestinal ecosystem.