The attitudes of riparian communities to the presence of water hyacinth in the Wouri River Basin,Douala, Cameroon

Since publication of the first record of Eichhornia crassipes in Cameroon in 1997, the weed has become highly invasive in the Wouri River Basin. Between June and September 2014, a socio-economic survey using participatory and qualitative methods was undertaken in the riparian villages of the Wouri River Basin to assess the perception of respondents to the presence of water hyacinth. The survey revealed that water hyacinth was a significant threat to activities along the river, which included fishing, sand extraction and river transportation. The presence of water hyacinth mats reduced catch rates of several common fish species, river transportation by 75%, and significantly reduced the income for sand extraction. Cameroon employs manual clearing of water hyacinth; however, respondents indicated they would consider other control methods, provided they do not have any negative impacts.     

Fungi associated with Eichhornia crassipes in South Africa and their pathogenicity under controlled conditions

Eichhornia crassipes Mart. Solms-Laubach (Pontederiaceae), water hyacinth, continues to be the world's worst aquatic weed. In South Africa, considerable research has been conducted on biological control agents associated with water hyacinth, with the release of six arthropods and one fungus, but little is known about the occurrence and impacts of native phytopathogenic fungi. Nation-wide surveys were conducted in 2010 and 2011 on various aquatic bodies of South Africa to identify the fungal pathogens associated with water hyacinth. Diseased plant parts were collected and fungi were isolated and identified. Some 250 isolates belonging to more than 25 genera were collected. Some of these represent new host records, as well as undescribed taxa. Isolates of Acremonium zonatum (Sawada) Gams, Alternaria eichhorniae Nag Raj and Ponnappa, Bipolaris hawaiiensis (M.B. Ellis) Uchida and Aragaki, Fusarium Link, Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Fr. and Ulocladium sp., showed the highest pathogenicity and have the potential to be useful in complementing the ongoing biocontrol programme on water hyacinth in South Africa.     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal status of spring ephemerals in the desert ecosystem of Junggar Basin, China

A survey was made of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) status of 73 spring ephemeral plant species that grow in the desert ecosystem of Junggar Basin, northwest China. The proportion of AM colonization ranged from 7 to 73% with a mean value of 30%. A total of 65 plant species studied were AM with coils/arbuscules or vesicles and the remaining eight species were possibly AM with no coils/arbuscules or vesicles but with fungal mycelia in the root cortex. AM fungal spores were isolated from rhizosphere samples of all 73 plant species and identified. The mean spore density was 22 per 20 ml of air-dried soil, ranging from 0 to 120. Colonization and spore density of perennials were slightly higher than of annuals and varied among different plant families. A total of 603 AM fungal spore (or sporocarp) specimens were isolated belonging to six genera, Acaulospora, Archaeopora, Entrophospora, Glomus, Paraglomus, and Scutellospora; Glomus was the dominant genus. We conclude that spring ephemerals may be highly dependent on AM associations for survival in the very infertile and arid soils of this desert ecosystem.Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available for this article at     

Study of endophytic fungal community from different parts of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aegle marmelos</Emphasis> Correae (Rutaceae) from Varanasi (India)

Endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy, living, and symptomless tissues of inner bark, leaf, and roots of Aegle marmelos, a well-known medicinal plant, growing in different parts of India including Varanasi. A total of 79 isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated, representing 21 genera, adopting a standard isolation protocol. Members of the deuteromycotina were more prevalent than ascomycotina and others. The result was quite encouraging in terms of maximum isolates recovery from hyphomycetes (78.5%) followed by ascomycetes (8.9%) and coelomycetes (7.6%) respectively, which corroborates previous studies in same area. However, 5.1% isolates remained unidentified and were classified under Mycelia Sterilia. No isolate was obtained from either basidiomycotina or from zygomycotina. Fusarium spp. had maximum colonization frequency (8.00%) in this plant. The other dominant endophytic genera were Aspergillus spp., Alternaria sp., Drechslera sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Curvularia sp., Nigrospora sp., and Stenella sp. Only two ascomycetous members Chaetomium globosum and Emericella sp. (perfect state of Aspergillus sp.) were obtained from the bark sample. These results indicated that distribution of endophytic fungi within the A. marmelos is not even. Bark harbors more endophytic fungi than leaf and root.     

Fungal endophytes from leaves of Avicennia marina growing in semi-arid environment as a promising source for bioactive compounds

Endophytic fungi are broadly dispersed residing inside plant tissues and have been demonstrated as a treasure for bioactive natural products. Unexplored harsh and heavy metal contaminant habitat of Avicennia marina may have diverse and potential fungal association. Therefore, this work aimed to isolate the culturable fungal endophytes associated with leaves of A. marina and to evaluate their medical potentialities. Seventeen isolates of endophyte fungi were isolated from healthy leaves and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated. Results showed that isolates had activity against micro-organisms in addition to their antioxidant activity produced a variety of phenolic compounds, besides exhibited a lowest cytotoxicity against ATCC-CCL-81 cell line. Consequently, selected endophytic fungal isolates were identified genetically as Chaetomium sp., Chaetomium madrasense, Chaetomium sp., Chaetomium globosum, Aspergillus hiratsukae, Aspergillus ochraceus, Alternaria tenuissima and Curvularia lunata with gene bank accession numbers MT089951, MT089952, MT089953, MT089954, MT089955, MT089956, MT089957 and MT089958 respectively. The most potent fungus extract was analysed using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry which verified the presence of numerous bioactive compounds. These findings confirmed that new endophytic fungal strains derived from A. marina thrive in harsh ecosystem produce bioactive metabolites which can be recommended as a novel source for drug discovery.     

Airborne pollen grains in Nsukka,Nigeria

A study of the airborne pollen grains in Nsukka, Nigeria, has been carried out at two different sampling heights (1.8?m and 15?m) from February 1993 to January 1994. Twenty‐six plant families (40 genera) were identified at the lower sampling height, whilst thirty‐eight families (58 genera) were identified at the height of 15?m. A total of nine and eighteen fern spore types were observed at 1.80?m and 15?m, respectively. The quantitative results indicate that the number of pollen observed at 15?m sampling height was statistically different (p<0.05) from that observed at the height of 1.80?m. The analysis of airborne pollen grains indicates three different periods: (1) dry season, (2) rainy season, and (3) late rainy season to early dry season/Harmattan. The highest pollen abundance was recorded during the late rainy season – early dry season/Harmattan followed by that of the dry season. The predominant pollen grains and fern spores trapped at both heights include Poaceae, Casuarina equisetifolia, Milicia excelsa, Elaeis guineensis, Celtis integrifolia, Alchornea cordifolia, Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae, Combretaceae/Melastomataceae, Nephrolepis biserrata, Thelypteris totta, and Dryopteris spp.     

Endophytic Fungal Flora from Roots and Fruits of an Indian Neem Plant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Azadirachta indica</Emphasis> A. Juss., and Impact of Culture Media on their Isolation

Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (neem), native to India, is well known worldwide for its insecticidal and ethanopharmacological properties. Although endophytic microbes are known from this plant as only leaves and stems were the subjects of past reports. Now, a variety of procedures and a number of different media were used to isolate the maximum number of endophytic fungi from unripe fruits and roots. A total of 272 isolates of 29 filamentous fungal taxa were isolated at rate of 68.0% from 400 samples of three different individual trees (at locations-Az1, Az2, Az3). Mycological agar (MCA) medium yielded the highest number of isolates (95, with a 14.50% isolation rate) with the greatest species richness. Mycelia Sterilia (1, 2, 3) accounted for 11.06%, Coelomycetes 7.25%, while Hyphomycetes showed the maximum number of representative isolates (81.69%). Mycelia-Sterilia (1, 2, 3), based on their 5.8S ITS 1, ITS2 and partial 18S and 28S rDNA sequences were identified as Fusarium solani (99%), Chaetomium globosum (93%) and Chaetomium globosum (93%) respectively. Humicola, Drechslera, Colletotrichum, and Scytalidium sp. were some of the peculiar fungal endophytes recovered from this plant.     

The daily variations of airborne fungal spores in Mexico City

The daily and seasonal distribution of airborne fungal particles was recorded in a high altitude tropical zone. Sampling was carried out in the southern part of Mexico City. An Andersen air sampler was used over a period of six months. Ten minutes sampling for each set of plates was done at fixed schedule: 07:30, 14:00 and 19:00 hours. The sampler was placed 10 m above the ground. Daily variation was found to be associated with the season, weather and atmospheric stability. The highest value of mold counts (3195 CFU m⁻³) was recorded in the evening on October, a transitional month between the rainy and the dry seasons, the lowest (45 CFU m⁻³) at noon during the rainy season. Mold counts were significantly correlated with temperature, having negative signs both in the morning and at noon, and being positive in the evening. The abundance of only three genera was recorded.Cladosporium, was isolated more frequently, and its abundance at 14:00 h was of 38%;Alternaria represented 4.0%, at 14:00 h, andAspergillus 3.0% at 7:30 h. Fifteen species belonging to the latter genera were identified and most of them are considered as opportunistic molds of clinical significance.     

Fungal endophytes associated with the mistletoe <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phoradendron perrottettii</Emphasis> and its host tree <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tapirira guianensis</Emphasis>

The endophytic mycobiota of leaves and stems of the mistletoe Phoradendron perrottettii and its host tree Tapirira guianensis, two physiologically connected plant species of the Brazilian savannah in southeastern Brazil, were investigated to evaluate host and organ recurrence among endophytes. Leaves and stems of P. perrottettii and leaves of T. guianensis were sampled in the dry and wet season. Stems of T. guianensis were also sampled in the wet season. Endophytes were isolated by an adapted trituration and particle filtration protocol. A total of 1,615 isolates representing 99 species and 20 sterile morphotypes were recovered; 64 morphospecies occurred as singletons. The number of isolates and species was higher in the wet season. Leaves of P. perrottettii were less densely colonized than other organs studied, but were the most species-rich. Conversely, stems of T. guianensis yielded more isolates but were less species-rich. Both plants were found to harbor similar but distinguishable endophytic assemblages. The Jaccard’s index of similarity between the fungal assemblages of both plants was 0.82, higher than found for other plants in similar habitats. The fungal species composition seemed to be influenced by the collection season and organ type, as demonstrated by multivariate correspondence analysis. Paraconiothyrium brasiliense, P. sporulosum and Verticillium leptobactrum were the dominant species in P. perrottettii. In leaves of T. guianensis, Pseudocercospora sp., Phomopsis sp. 1 and Lecanicillium psalliotae were the most frequent, while Stagonospora sp. 1 and Phomopsis sp. 1 were the dominant endophytes in its stems. The results indicated that some of the dominant endophytic taxa isolated in this study colonize different hosts and plant organs while others seem to exhibit a high degree of host or organ recurrence. This study represents the first evaluation of diversity of fungal endophytes in natural vegetation of the Brazilian savannah and contributes information about the distribution and possible specificity of endophytes in tropical dicotyledoneous plants.     

Rhizobacteria of Cotton and Their Repression of Seedling Disease Pathogens

During the 1983 field season, the rhizobacteria (including organisms from rhizosphere soil and the root rhizoplane) of cotton plants at one location in Mississippi were inventoried at different plant growth stages. Isolates (1,000) were identified to the genus level and characterized for repression of Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani. Cotton seedlings were initially colonized by bacteria of many different genera, and populations quickly reached 10⁸ CFU/g of root tissue. As the season progressed, the bacterial populations declined as root mass increased and the roots became more woodlike in consistency. Fluorescent pseudomonads were the most numerous gram-negative rhizobacterial isolates of those that were randomly collected and identified, and they provided the largest number of isolates with fungal repressive activity. Several other gram-negative bacterial genera were recovered throughout the growing season, and some gram-positive bacteria were also isolated routinely, but at lower numbers. There was no correlation between the proportion of rhizobacterial isolates that possessed fungal repressive activity and the plant growth stage from which the isolates were obtained. Approximately twice as many bacterial isolates demonstrated fungal repression in the agar assay compared with the inplanta assay, and isolates were found more frequently with fungal repressive activity against P. ultimum than against R. solai.     

新疆吐鲁番盆地桃树园晚二叠世非海相腹足类

提要新疆吐鲁番盆地桃树园地区晚二叠世地层称作下仓房沟群,自下而上分为泉子街组、梧桐沟组和锅底坑组,为河–湖相碎屑沉积,剖面连续,层序清楚,动、植物化石丰富。文中研究的腹足类标本产于桃东沟剖面梧桐沟组下部和中部的介壳灰岩层和灰岩透镜体中,见有2层,计有2科4属6种:Xinjiangospira rotundata Yu et Zhu,Xinjiangospira habita sp.nov.、Hydrobia turpanensis Wei、Hydrobia orientalis sp.nov.、Pseudamnicola taodonggouensis sp.nov.和Valvata complanusa sp.nov.;与腹足类共生的有双壳类、叶肢介、介形类,以及植物和脊椎动物化石等,其中双壳类主要是Palaeanodonta,Palaeomutela和Anthraconauta等属。该腹足动物群由Hydrobiidae和Valvatidae的属种组成,标本数量多,壳体小,保存完好,是迄今已知属种最丰富的古生代淡水腹足类动物群。当前梧桐沟组腹足动物群面貌与准噶尔盆地大龙口剖面小龙口组...     

Influence of season on leaf litter ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) diversity in the locality of Minko'o (Southern,Cameroon)

Seasonality is known to influence ant activity in many tropical rain forests in the world such as South America and Africa. We surveyed ant fauna in the leaf litter in the locality of Minko'o. The work aimed to evaluate the effect of seasonal variation on the diversity and composition of litter ants. Ants were sampled from November 2015 to June 2017, using four sampling methods: visual capture, bait, pitfall trap and extraction. Species richness, Shannon diversity index and analysis of similarities were used to characterise diversity of ant communities between seasons. We collected 306 ant species, shared out between 56 genera and 11 subfamilies. Subfamilies Myrmicinae, Ponerinae, Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, Dorylinae, Cerapachyinae and Pseudomyrmecinae occurred in all the seasons. Species richness was highest in major dry season with 243 species followed by minor rainy season with 188, major rainy season with 177 species and finally minor dry season that recorded the lowest with 155 species. Kruskal–Wallis test showed that ant species richness did not differ between seasons (p > 0.05). Species diversity index indicated that diversity was the highest during minor dry season (H′ = 4.24), followed by the major dry season (H′ = 4.23), minor rainy season (H′ = 4.21) and lowest during major rainy season (H′ = 4.06). Eight most frequents ants have been recorded: Axinidris sp.1, Camponotus flavomarginatus, Monomorium guineense, Myrmicaria opaciventris, Odontomachus troglodytes, Carebara perpusilla, Paltothyreus tarsatus and Pheidole megacephala. Assessment of the seasonal effect on diversity reveals that dry season is richer and more diverse than rainy season and the season significantly influence the diversity of litter ants.     

Phytopathogenic Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht, as a Necrotrophic Mycoparasite

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi, f. sp. lycopersici, f. sp. cepae, f. sp. niveum and one unidentified F. oxysporum isolate proved to be active necrotrophic mycoparasites. In dual cultures hyphae of Trichoderma hamatum, T. longibrachiatum, T. pseudokoningii, T. harzianum, Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani were parasitized and destroyed by F. oxysporum. One isolate of Phytophthora sp. was not affected. Mutual parasitism between F. oxysporum and T. pseudokoningii and T. longibrachiatum has been observed, too. Details of parasitic hyphal interactions: hyphal coiling, penetration sites, resistance sheat formation, hyphal invasion and internal growing are described. The mycoparasitic feature as well as antimicrobial metabolic production of F. oxysporum is probably a common phenomenon to ensure this important plant pathogenic species to compete successfully against other soil-borne fungal pathogens and saprophytes.     

Temporal dynamics of airborne fungi in Havana (Cuba) during dry and rainy seasons: influence of meteorological parameters

The aim of this paper was to determine for first time the influence of the main meteorological parameters on the atmospheric fungal spore concentration in Havana (Cuba). This city is characterized by a subtropical climate with two different marked annual rainfall seasons during the year: a “dry season” and a “rainy season”. A nonviable volumetric methodology (Lanzoni VPPS-2000 sampler) was used to sample airborne spores. The total number of spores counted during the 2 years of study was 293,594, belonging to 30 different genera and five spore types. Relative humidity was the meteorological parameter most influencing the atmospheric concentration of the spores, mainly during the rainy season of the year. Winds coming from the SW direction also increased the spore concentration in the air. In terms of spore intradiurnal variation we found three different patterns: morning maximum values for Cladosporium, night peaks for Coprinus and Leptosphaeria, and uniform behavior throughout the whole day for Aspergillus/Penicillium."     

Botryosphaeriaceae associated with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Terminalia catappa</Emphasis> in Cameroon,South Africa and Madagascar

Species in the Botryosphaeriaceae represent some of the most important fungal pathogens of woody plants. Although these fungi have been relatively well studied on economically important crops, hardly anything is known regarding their taxonomy or ecology on native or non-commercial tree species. The aim of this study was to compare the diversity and distribution of the Botryosphaeriaceae on Terminalia catappa, a tropical tree of Asian origin planted as an ornamental in Cameroon, Madagascar and South Africa. A total of 83 trees were sampled, yielding 79 Botryosphaeriaceae isolates. Isolates were initially grouped based on morphology of cultures and conidia. Representatives of the different morphological groups were then further characterised using sequence data for the ITS, tef 1-alpha, rpb2, BOTF15 and beta-tub gene regions. Five species of the Botryosphaeriaceae were identified, including Neofusicoccum parvum, N. batangarum sp. nov., Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, L. theobromae and L. mahajangana sp. nov. Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae and L. theobromae, were the most commonly isolated species (62%), and were found at all the sites. Neofusicoccum parvum and N. batangarum were found in South Africa and Cameroon, respectively, whereas L. mahajangana was found only in Madagascar. Greenhouse inoculation trials performed on young T. catappa trees showed variation among isolates tested, with L. pseudotheobromae being the most pathogenic. The Botryosphaeriaceae infecting T. catappa appear to be dominated by generalist species that also occur on various other hosts in tropical and sub-tropical climates.     

Microbial Diversity of Some Sabkha and Desert Sites in Saudi Arabia

Several studies isolated fungal and bacterial species from extreme environments, such as Sabkha and hot deserts, as their natural habitat, some of which are of medicinal importance. Current research aimed investigating the microbial (fungi and bacteria) diversity and abundance in Sabkha and desert areas in Saudi Arabia. Soil samples from nine different geographical areas (Al-Aushazia lake, AlQasab, AlKasar, Tabuk, Al-Kharj, Al-Madina, Jubail, Taif and Abqaiq) were collected and cultured for microbial isolation. Isolated fungi and bacteria were identified by molecular techniques (PCR and sequencing). Based on 18S rDNA sequencing, 203 fungal species belonging to 33 genera were identified. The most common fungal genera were Fusarium, Alternaria, Chaetomium, Aspergillus Cochliobolus and Pencillium, while the most common species were Chaetomium globosum and Fusarium oxysporum. By 16S rDNA sequencing 22 bacterial species belonging to only two genera, Bacillus and Lactobacillus, were identified. The most commonly isolated bacterial species were Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus murinus. Some fungal species were confined to specific locations, such as Actinomyces elegans, Fusarium proliferatum, Gymnoascus reesii and Myzostoma spp. that were only isolated from Al-Aushazia soil. AlQasab soil had the highest microbial diversity among other areas with abundances of 23.5% and 4.4% of total fungi, and bacteria, respectively. Findings of this study show a higher degree of fungal diversity than that of bacteria in all studied areas. Further studies needed to investigate the connection between some isolated species and their habitat ecology, as well as to identify those of medicinal importance.     

Keratinophilic fungi inhabiting floor dusts of student houses at the South Valley University in Egypt

Keratinophilic fungi include true fungi that vigorously degrade keratin as well as a number of important human pathogenic dermatophytes. We identified 41 species and one variety belonging to 19 genera in 50 floor dust samples following culture on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar medium at 28°C. Dermatophytes and closely related fungi were represented by six species—Aphanoascus fulvescens, Aphanoascus sp., Arthroderma cuniculi, Chrysosporium lucknowense, Gymnoascus uncinatus and Trichophyton rubrum. There were 35 species and one variety of other fungal species, with members of Aspergillus and Penicllium being the most prevalent. Twenty-seven species and 1 variety belonging to 14 genera were identified from 24 dust samples gathered at 2-week intervals from male student housing at El-Kenose during January–December 2005 that had been cultured on Sabauraud’s dextrose agar at 28°C. The monthly counts of keratinophilic fungi showed irregular fluctuations, with a peak in April and the lowest point in November. Dermatophytes and closely related fungi were represented by Aphanoascus fulvescens, Aphanoascus sp., Chrysosporium lucknowense, Gymnoascus uncinatus, and Trichophyton rubrum. In conclusion, the study reports the incidences of some dermatophytes found in the floor dust of student houses of South Valley University, Egypt.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Xanthium italicum</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xanthium strumarium</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arctium lappa</Emphasis> as new hosts for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Diaporthe helianthi</Emphasis>

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) stem canker caused by Diaporthe helianthi is one of the most important sunflower diseases in Croatia. Until recently, sunflower was the only known host for D. helianthi. In our research carried out in the area of Eastern Croatia, isolates of Diaporthe/Phomospis were collected from Xanthium italicum, X. strumarium and Arctium lappa. Using morphological, cultural and molecular ITS rDNA data, isolates from these weeds were identified as D. helianthi. The following isolates were used in the pathogenicity test: one isolate originated from sunflower (Su5/04), three from X. italicum (Xa2, Xa3 and Xa5), two from X. strumarium (Xa9 and Xa12), one from Xanthium sp. (Xa13) and one from A. lappa (Ar3). According to the results, it was determined that isolate Xa5 (originated from X. italicum) was the most pathogenic to sunflower stems. The average length of the lesion was 11.3 cm. The lowest level of pathogenicity was found in Xa9 (isolated from X. strumarium). The length of the lesion was 0.1 cm.     

Requirement for particular seed-borne fungi for seed germination and seedling growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xyris complanata</Emphasis>, a pioneer monocot in topsoil-lost tropical peatland in Central Kalimantan,Indonesia

Hawaii yellow-eyed grass (Xyris complanata: Xyridaceae) inhabits infertile, acidic peat soil in the rainy tropical zone in Southeast Asia. This monocot plant produces a large number of dormant seeds in order to make a large deposit to seed bank in the soil. Under laboratory conditions, surface-sterilized X. complanata seeds are rarely able to germinate on sterilized peat moss bed; they require inoculation with either seed epiphytic or soil fungi to facilitate active seed germination. In the present study, three different genera of seed epiphytic fungi were isolated, and two common fungal genera, Fusarium sp. (strain R-1) and Penicillium sp. (strain Y-1), were found to promote seed germination of X. complanata. In sterile peat moss beds, the germination-stimulating fungi also showed growth-promoting effects on X. complanata seedlings. These results suggest that the seed germination-promoting fungi likely function as genuine partners for X. complanata in tropical open peat lands.     

Study of airborne fungus spores by viable and non-viable methods in Havana,Cuba

The Havana aeromycobiota diversity was studied from November 2010 to October 2011 using two complementary volumetric methods. A total of 35 fungal genera were characterised, 26 of them were recognised only by non-viable methods, six with viable methodology and the other three with both sampling methods. Furthermore, 47 species were identified by cultivation and the spores collected with the non-viable methodology. These could not be included in a specific genus, and thus, were categorised into five fungal types. In general, the main, spread worldwide, mitosporic fungi also predominated the Havana atmosphere. The predominant species were Cladosporium cladosporioides, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium citrinum. Moreover, several Zygomycetes (Syncephalastrum racemosum, Rhizopus stolonifer and Rhizopus oryzae), Ascomycetes (Chaetomium globosum) and Basidiomycetes such as Coprinus or Ganoderma were isolated. In the present paper, the review of the airborne fungi conducted in previous studies in Cuba was completed by the detection of two new genera and the first isolation of ten new records in the Cuban atmosphere. Most of the fungi detected showed a diurnal pattern with high spore peak at 11.00–12.00.