共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Melis Ece 《Dialectical Anthropology》2008,32(4):353-382
Based on research conducted in Senegal in 2004, this field report focuses on the politics of access to land at the northern
periphery of the Niokolo-Koba National Park, where a group of villages evicted from the national park were resettled in the
1970s. Conflicts over the allocation of land resurfaced in the 1980s, following the application of laws authorizing rural
community councils to allocate use rights in village agricultural lands. The land claims of evicted villages were challenged
by the rural council and local state authorities, who sought to define such claims as illegal or ambiguous based on exclusionary
discourses of productive use of land, autochthony and citizenship. The politics of access to land at the northern periphery
are shaped by land and administrative reforms undertaken since the end of colonial rule in Senegal and the on-going local
transformation of authority and property relations under increasing commoditization and insecurity of land use rights.
相似文献
Melis EceEmail: |
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Studies on the effects of a variety of exogenous and anthropogenic environmental factors, including endocrine disruptors,
heavy metals, UV light, high temperature, and others, on marine organisms have been presented at the 2nd Bilateral Seminar
Italy–Japan held in November 2006. Reports were discussed in order to reveal the current situation of marine ecosystems, aiming
at evaluation and prediction of environmental risks.
相似文献
V. MatrangaEmail: |
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Sub-Antarctic Marion Island has had a permanent research station for 50 years and the islands Wandering Albatrosses have been intensively studied for 20 years. The reactions of breeding birds to approaches by a human on foot were recorded. Three response variables were calculated: intensity of vocal reaction (IVR), intensity of non-vocal reaction (INR) and overall response index (ORI). At 5 m from the nest, twice as many birds stood and/or vocalised as at 15 m. Nearest neighbour distance, age and gender did not explain individual variability of responses. Study colony birds had higher IVR scores than non-study colony birds; birds at colonies closest to the station had the highest ORI scores. A better breeding record was associated with lower IVR and ORI scores, but a causative relationship remains to be demonstrated. A minimum viewing distance of 25 m is recommended for breeding Wandering Albatrosses.
相似文献
Marienne S. de VilliersEmail: Fax: +27-21-6503434 |
John CooperEmail: |
Peter G. RyanEmail: |
6.
Douglas Medin Norbert Ross Douglas Cox Scott Atran 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》2007,35(3):315-329
There is a continuing controversy over Native American fishing and hunting rights. We show that Native American (Menominee)
and European American fish experts have a common knowledge base and share values and attitudes associated with fishing practices
(though organized around different ethical principles). Nonetheless, perceived group differences are dramatic (especially European American perceptions of Native Americans). Cultural differences in models
of nature and associated inference processes appear to mediate these stereotypes and may hold the key to reducing intergroup
conflict over resources.
相似文献
Douglas MedinEmail: |
7.
The branch of evolutionary theory known as signaling theory attempts to explain various forms of communication. Social scientists
have explained many traditional rituals as forms of communication that promote cooperative social relationships among participants.
Both evolutionists and social scientists have realized the importance of trust for the formation and maintenance of cooperative
social relationships. These factors have led to attempts to apply signaling theory to traditional cultural rituals in various
ways. This paper uses the traditional ritual of mumming in small Newfoundland fishing villages to evaluate alternative hypotheses
about the connection between rituals, communication, trust, and cooperation. Mumming is found to be most consistent with the
hypothesis that it is a ritual of trust wherein participants take a specific type of risk: the risk of harm at the hands of
other participants. Individuals who take this risk actively signal their trust. Conversely, individuals who restrain themselves
from inflicting harm on other participants actively signal their trustworthiness.
相似文献
Christina Nicole PomianekEmail: |
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Leslie P. Francis Margaret P. Battin Jay Jacobson Charles Smith 《Journal of bioethical inquiry》2009,6(2):187-195
Syndromic surveillance uses new ways of gathering data to identify possible disease outbreaks. Because syndromic surveillance
can be implemented to detect patterns before diseases are even identified, it poses novel problems for informed consent, patient
privacy and confidentiality, and risks of stigmatization. This paper analyzes these ethical issues from the viewpoint of the
patient as victim and vector. It concludes by pointing out that the new International Health Regulations fail to take full
account of the ethical challenges raised by syndromic surveillance.
相似文献
Leslie P. FrancisEmail: |
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The recent contribution by Jarmila Kukalová-Peck on Hennigian phylogenetics and hexapod limb evolution is critically evaluated.
相似文献
Michael S. Engel (Corresponding author)Email: |
12.
Nicholas J. K. Breitborde Steven R. López Keith H. Nuechterlein 《Culture, medicine and psychiatry》2009,33(1):41-60
Although there is a clear statistical association between expressed emotion (EE) and schizophrenic relapse, our understanding
of the mechanisms underlying this relationship is underdeveloped. This study tested a theoretical model in which caregivers’
perceptions of their ill relative’s agency underlie the EE-relapse association. To evaluate this model, we completed qualitative
and quantitative analyses of narratives provided by individuals caring for a relative with schizophrenia. The results indicate
that high-EE caregivers perceive the expression of symptoms as stemming from their ill relative’s agency more frequently than
low-EE caregivers. This was true for both high-EE-criticism and high-EE-emotional overinvolvement caregivers. High-EE and
low-EE caregivers did not differ in their perceptions of the role of their ill relative’s agency with regard to the control
of symptoms. The findings suggest that EE may be a proxy risk factor for caregivers’ perceptions of their ill relative’s agency.
相似文献
Nicholas J. K. BreitbordeEmail: |
13.
A key point in the analysis of dynamical models of biological systems is to handle systems of relatively high dimensions.
In the present paper we propose a method to hierarchically organize a certain type of piecewise affine (PWA) differential
systems. This specific class of systems has been extensively studied for the past few years, as it provides a good framework
to model gene regulatory networks. The method, shown on several examples, allows a qualitative analysis of the asymptotic
behavior of a PWA system, decomposing it into several smaller subsystems. This technique, based on the well-known strongly
connected components decomposition, is not new. However, its adaptation to the non-smooth PWA differential equations turns
out to be quite relevant because of the strong discrete structure underlying these equations. Its biological relevance is
shown on a 7-dimensional PWA system modeling the gene network responsible for the carbon starvation response in Escherichia coli.
相似文献
Laurent Tournier (Corresponding author)Email: |
Jean-Luc GouzéEmail: |
14.
Peter Godfrey-Smith 《Biology & philosophy》2007,22(3):429-437
Jablonka and Lamb's claim that evolutionary biology is undergoing a ‘revolution’ is queried. But the very concept of revolutionary
change has uncertain application to a field organized in the manner of contemporary biology. The explanatory primacy of sequence
properties is also discussed.
相似文献
Peter Godfrey-SmithEmail: |
15.
Terry Harmer 《Cluster computing》2007,10(3):277-285
Gridcast is an R&D project investigating grid ideas and technologies in the broadcasting technical infrastructure. In this
paper I discuss the business and technical issues in building infrastructures to support broadcasters and outline the structure
of the Gridcast grid-based service oriented architecture for broadcasting playout support.
相似文献
Terry HarmerEmail: |
16.
Jacob M. Vigil 《Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.)》2007,18(2):143-161
Several hypotheses on the form and function of sex differences in social behaviors were tested. The results suggest that friendship
preferences in both sexes can be understood in terms of perceived reciprocity potential—capacity and willingness to engage in a mutually beneficial relationship. Divergent social styles may in turn reflect trade-offs
between behaviors selected to maintain large, functional coalitions in men and intimate, secure relationships in women. The
findings are interpreted from a broad socio-relational framework of the types of behaviors that facilitate selective advertisement
and investment of reciprocity potential across individuals and within groups of men and women.
相似文献
Jacob M. VigilEmail: |
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In the Indian state of Goa, communally owned agricultural land has persisted through indigenous state rule, colonial occupation
and postcolonial liberation. We show that in Goa, and indeed elsewhere in the world, communally owned land provides protection
against scarcity, risk, and state revenue demands in wet rice agriculture. When wet rice agriculture is the primary agricultural
activity, communally owned land is an effective way to utilize resources. These findings add to the literature that challenges
the inevitability of the tragedy of commonly owned resources.
相似文献
Paul AxelrodEmail: |
19.
Alejandro Rosas 《Biology & philosophy》2008,23(4):555-566
Recent developments in evolutionary game theory argue the superiority of punishment over reciprocity as accounts of large-scale
human cooperation. I introduce a distinction between a behavioral and a psychological perspective on reciprocity and punishment
to question this view. I examine a narrow and a wide version of a psychological mechanism for reciprocity and conclude that a narrow version is clearly distinguishable from punishment, but inadequate for
humans; whereas a wide version is applicable to humans but indistinguishable from punishment. The mechanism for reciprocity
in humans emerges as a meta-norm that governs both retaliation and punishment. I make predictions open to empirical investigation
to confirm or disconfirm this view.
相似文献
Alejandro RosasEmail: |
20.
Tanya Marie Hayes 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》2007,35(6):733-747
This article compares how public protection of forests and common-property forest institutions serve to control outside encroachment
into frontier forests in Honduras and Nicaragua. The article combines institutional analysis with ethnographically based fieldwork
and analysis of land-cover images to evaluate how property-rights arrangements influence monitoring, enforcement, and compliance
with rules to restrict agricultural expansion in two biosphere reserves in the Mosquitia Corridor. Findings show that territorial
demarcation and common-property rights are important components for frontier forest conservation. In areas with weak enforcement
mechanisms and heavy reliance on social norms over official regulatory measures, the findings suggest that the perceived legitimacy
of tenure arrangements and their respective land-use rules are fundamental to controlling the agricultural frontier.
相似文献
Tanya Marie HayesEmail: |