共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Tony Márcio Silva Fausto Bruno Dos Reis Almeida André Ricardo de Lima Damásio Alexandre Maller Michele Michelin João Atílio Jorge Ebert Seixas Hanna Maria Cristina Roque-Barreira Héctor F. Terenzi Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli 《Biotechnology letters》2010,32(10):1449-1455
Treatment of Aspergillus niveus with 30 μg tunicamycin/ml did not interfere with α-glucosidase production, secretion, or its catalytic properties. Fully-
and under-glycosylated forms of the enzyme had similar molecular masses, ~56 kDa. Moreover, the absence of N-glycans did not affect either pH optimum (6.0) or temperature optimum (65°C). The Km and Vmax values of under- and fully-glycosylated forms of α-glucosidase were similar when assessed for hydrolysis of starch (~0.6 mg/ml,
~350 μmol glucose per min per ml), maltose (~0.54 μmol, ~330 μmol glucose per min per ml) and p-nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (~0.54 μmol, ~8.28 μmol p-nitrophenol per min per ml). However, the under-glycosylated form was sensitive to high temperatures probably because, in
addition to stabilizing the protein conformation, glycosylation may also prevent unfolded or partially folded proteins from
aggregating. Binding assays clearly showed that the under-glycosylated protein did not bind to concanavalin A but has conserve
its jacalin-binding property, suggesting that only O-glycans might be intact on the tunicamycin treated form of the enzyme. 相似文献
2.
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi Madoka Yamamoto Kazuya Tamura Toshiaki Teruya Kiyotake Suenaga Yoshiharu Fujii 《Plant Growth Regulation》2010,60(2):127-131
Aqueous methanol extracts of rattail fescue (Vulpia myuros) inhibited the growth of roots and shoots of cress (Lepidium sativum), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), timothy (Phleum pratense), Digitaria sanguinalis and Lolium multiflorum. Increasing the extract concentration increased the inhibition, suggesting that rattail fescue may have growth inhibitory
substances and possess allelopathic potential. The aqueous methanol extract of rattail fescue was purified and two main inhibitory
substances were isolated and identified by spectral data as (−)-3-hydroxy-β-ionone and (+)-3-oxo-α-ionol. Both substances
inhibited root and shoot growth of cress at concentrations greater than 0.3 μM. The concentrations required for 50% growth
inhibition on root and shoot growth of cress, lettuce, alfalfa, timothy, D. sanguinalis and L. multiflorum were 2.7–19.7 μM for (−)-3-hydroxy-β-ionone, and 2.1–34.5 μM for (+)-3-oxo-α-ionol. The concentration of (−)-3-hydroxy-β-ionone
and (+)-3-oxo-α-ionol, respectively, in rattail fescue was 7.8 and 3.7 μg g−1 fresh weight. Considering the endogenous level and the inhibitory activity, (−)-3-hydroxy-β-ionone and (+)-3-oxo-α-ionol
may work as allelopathic substances in rattail fescue through the growth inhibition of neighboring plant species. 相似文献
3.
Seven analogues of p-nitrophenyl T-antigen [Galβ(1→3)GalNAcα(1→O)PNP] have been synthesized as potential substrates for elucidation of the substrate specificity of endo-α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase. These compounds, which are commercially unavailable, include: GlcNAcβ(1→3){GlcNAcβ(1→6)}GalNAcα(1→O)PNP [core 4 type], GalNAcα(1→3)GalNAcα(1→O)PNP [core 5 type], GlcNAcβ(1→6)GalNAcα(1→O)PNP [core 6 type], GalNAcα(1→6)GalNAcα(1→O)PNP [core 7 type], Galα(1→3)GalNAcα(1→O)PNP [core 8 type], Glcβ(1→3)GalNAcα(1→O)PNP and GalNAcβ(1→3)GalNAcα(1→O)PNP. The assembly of these synthetic probes was accomplished efficiently, based on di-tert-butylsilylene(DTBS)-directed α-galactosylation as a key reaction. 相似文献
4.
Basharov MA 《European biophysics journal : EBJ》2012,41(1):53-61
In many studies on the protein folding problem it is assumed that the internal rotational barriers about NCα and CαC backbone bonds in unfolded polypeptides are quite small, around 0.7 kcal/mol, of an order comparable to the energy of kT at normal temperature (where k is Boltzmann’s constant and T is the temperature in K) and hence that rotations about these bonds occur almost freely. Here it is highlighted that such
consideration is an unfortunate mistake. Approximate values for the rotational barriers of NCα and CαC bonds are suggested from computations of U(f \phi , ψ) potential energy surface (PES) maps of a number of oligopeptides by a semiempirical method for conformational analysis.
The proposed values are about 16 kcal/mol for NCα bonds and 6 kcal/mol for CαC bonds. The values of the same barriers estimated from some ab initio quantum-mechanical PES maps for several dipeptides
available in literature are also highlighted. 相似文献
5.
6.
Sampo Mäntylahti Olli Aitio Maarit Hellman Perttu Permi 《Journal of biomolecular NMR》2010,47(3):171-181
We propose a new alpha proton detection based approach for the sequential assignment of natively unfolded proteins. The proposed
protocol superimposes on following features: HA-detection (1) enables assignment of natively unfolded proteins at any pH,
i.e., it is not sensitive to rapid chemical exchange undergoing in natively unfolded proteins even at moderately high pH.
(2) It allows straightforward assignment of proline-rich polypeptides without additional proline-customized experiments. (3)
It offers more streamlined and less ambiguous assignment based on solely intraresidual 15N(i)-13C′(i)-Hα(i) (or 15N(i)-13Cα(i)-Hα(i)) and sequential 15N(i + 1)-13C′(i)-Hα(i) (or 15N(i + 1)-13Cα(i)-Hα(i)) correlation experiments together with efficient use of chemical shifts of 15N and 13C′ nuclei, which show smaller dependence on residue type. We have tested the proposed protocol on two proteins, small globular
56-residue GB1, and highly disordered, proline-rich 47-residue fifth repeat of EspFU. Using the proposed approach, we were able to assign 90% of 1Hα, 13Cα, 13C′, 15N chemical shifts in EspFU. We reckon that the HA-detection based strategy will be very useful in the assignment of natively unfolded proline-rich proteins
or polypeptide chains. 相似文献
7.
Yoshida T Kanzaki T Iizuka R Komada T Zako T Suzuki R Maruyama T Yohda M 《Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions》2006,10(5):451-459
Chaperonin is a double ring-shaped oligomeric protein complex, which captures a protein in the folding intermediate state and assists its folding in an ATP-dependent manner. The chaperonin from a hyperthermophilic archaeum, Thermococcus sp. strain KS-1, is a group II chaperonin and is composed of two distinct subunits, α and β. Although these subunits are highly homologous in sequence, the homo-oligomer of the β-subunit is more thermostable than that of the α-subunit. To identify the region responsible for this difference in thermostability, we constructed domain-exchange mutants. The mutants containing the equatorial domain of the β-subunit were more resistant to thermal dissociation than the mutants with that of the α-subunit. Thermostability of a β-subunit mutant whose C-terminal 22 residues were replaced with those of the α-subunit decreased to the comparable level of that of the α-subunit homo-oligomer. These results indicate that the difference in thermostability between α- and β-subunits mainly originates in the C-terminal residues in the equatorial domain, only where they exhibit substantial sequence difference.Takao Yoshida, Taro Kanzaki, Ryo Iizuka and Toshihiro Komada contributed equally to this paper. 相似文献
8.
The yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae X2180-1A (wild) and its mutants X2180-1A-4 (mnn 1) and X2180-1A-5 (mnn 2) defective in mannan biosynthesis were used as enzyme sources to catalyzein vitro mannosyl transfer from GDP-[14C-U]-mannose to endogenous glycoproteins as well as to exogenous, low-molecular weight acceptors. While the enzyme preparation
from the wild strain exhibited all mannosyl transferase activities involved in mannan biosynthesis by catalyzing the synthesis
of characteristic mannoprotein, the enzyme frommnn 1 mutant failed to catalyze the synthesis of α(1→3) mannoside linkages both with endogenous as well as with exogenous acceptors.
The enzyme preparation from themnn 2 mutant catalyzed the formation of mannoprotein very similar to that obtained with the enzyme from the wild strain. The
most important difference was the formation of a higher number of unsubstituted mannosyl units in the α(1→ 6) linked mannan
backbone. The observed results support the hypothesis that in themnn 1 the mutation has altered the structural gene involved in biosynthesis of an α(1→3) mannosyl transferase catalyzing the addition
of α(1→3) linked mannosyl units to α(1→2) linked mannotrioses in the polysaccharide side chains and in the oligosaccharides
attached to serine and/or threonine in the protein part of mannan molecule. Themnn 2 mutant represents most probably a kind of regulatory mutation where the activity of an α(1→2) mannosyl transferase adding
the mannosyl units directly to α(1→6) linked backbone in the outer region of polysacoharide part of yeast mannan is repressedin vivo but becomes significantin vitro. 相似文献
9.
Christopher A. Dieni Kenneth B. Storey 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》2010,180(8):1133-1142
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and the pentose phosphate pathway play a key role in reductive biosynthesis and
antioxidant defense, while diverting glucose from other cellular functions. G6PDH was isolated from liver of the wood frog,
Rana sylvatica, a freeze tolerant species that uses glucose as a cryoprotectant. Analysis of kinetic parameters (K
m and V
max) of G6PDH showed a significant increase in K
m G6P (from 98.2 ± 3.8 to 121 ± 5.3 μM) and K
m NADP+ (from 65.5 ± 2.3 to 89.1 ± 4.8 μM) in frogs following freezing exposure, indicating lower affinity for G6PDH substrates in
this state. Subsequent analyses indicated that differential phosphorylation of G6PDH between the two states was responsible
for the altered kinetic properties. Thus, two differentially charged forms of G6PDH were resolved by DEAE ion-exchange chromatography
and, compared with controls, the proportion of G6PDH activity in peak I decreased and in peak II increased in liver from frozen
frogs. G6PDH in peak I had a K
m G6P of 94.1 ± 1.1 μM and K
m NADP+ of 61.2 ± 3.5 μM, whereas Peak II G6PDH showed higher values (K
m G6P was 172 ± 4.3 μM, K
m NADP+ was 98.2 ± 3.3 μM). G6PDH from each peak was incubated with ions and second messengers to stimulate the actions of protein
kinases with results indicating that G6PDH can be phosphorylated by protein kinase G, protein kinase C, AMP-activated protein
kinase, or calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. The data indicate that in control frogs, G6PDH is in a high phosphate form
and displays a high substrate affinity, whereas in frozen frogs G6PDH is less phosphorylated, with lower substrate affinity. 相似文献
10.
Endoplasmic reticulum α-1,2 mannosidase I (ERManI) is an enzyme, which removes α(1-2) linked mannoses from asparagine-linked
oligosaccharides on glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ERManI preferentially removes one α(1-2) linked mannose
from B-chain of Man9GlcNAc2. When glycoproteins fail to achieve properly folding, increased removal of α(1-2) linked mannoses on their oligosaccharides
is induced and leads them to be disposed and degraded by ER-associated degradation pathway. However, it is still inconclusive
whether accelerated removal of α(1-2) linked mannoses on those glycoproteins is catalyzed by the α-1,2 mannosidase I, proteins
similar to mannosidase I [e.g. ER degradation-enhancing α-1,2 mannosidase-like protein (EDEM)], or both of them. Therefore, to approach this issue, we have
investigated its in vitro activities using various oligosaccharides and glycoproteins as substrates. A recombinant form of human ERManI (hERManI) was
prepared by using Escherichia coli. First, the enzyme generated Man6GlcNAc2-PA and Man5GlcNAc2-PA from 100 μM Man9GlcNAc2-PA after a one-hour reaction. Second, we have exposed bovine thyroglobulin and soybean agglutinin to denaturing conditions,
e.g. 8 M urea, and used those glycoproteins as substrates. Sugar moieties were released from the reactant by PNGase F and their
structures and amounts were elucidated by HPLC analysis. Intriguingly, the enzyme was shown to remove mannoses from bovine
thyroglobulin and soybean agglutinin to larger extents when they were exposed to a denaturant. Therefore, our results suggested
that hERManI could recognize tertiary and/or quaternary structures of glycoproteins and remove more α-1,2 linked mannoses
from misfolded glycoproteins in living cells. 相似文献
11.
Patricia Melin Caroline Norez Isabelle Callebaut Frédéric Becq 《The Journal of membrane biology》2006,208(3):203-212
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein contains a canonical ATP-binding cassette (ABC) signature
motif, LSGGQ, in nucleotide binding domain 1 (NBD1) and a degenerate LSHGH in NBD2. Here, we studied the contribution of the conserved residues G551 and G1349 to the pharmacological modulation of
CFTR chloride channels by phloxine B using iodide efflux and whole-cell patch clamp experiments performed on the following
green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged CFTR: wild-type, delF508, G551D, G1349D, and G551D/G1349D double mutant. We found that
phloxine B stimulates and inhibits channel activity of wild-type CFTR (Ks = 3.2 ± 1.6 μM, Ki = 38 ± 1.4 μM) and delF508 CFTR (Ks = 3 ± 1.8 μM, Ki = 33 ± 1 μM). However, CFTR channels with the LSGDQ mutated motif (mutation G551D) are activated (Ks = 2 ± 1.13 μM) but not inhibited by phloxine B. Conversely, CFTR channels with the LSHDH mutated motif (mutation G1349D) are inhibited (Ki = 40 ± 1.01 μM) but not activated by phloxine B. Finally, the double mutant G551D/G1349D CFTR failed to respond not only to phloxine B stimulation
but also to phloxine B inhibition, confirming the importance of both amino acid locations. Similar results were obtained with
genistein, and kinetic parameters were determined to compare the pharmacological effects of both agents. These data show that
G551 and G1349 control the inhibition and activation of CFTR by these agents, suggesting functional nonequivalence of the
signature motifs of NBD in the ABC transporter CFTR. 相似文献
12.
We study an epidemiological model which assumes that the susceptibility after a primary infection is r times the susceptibility before a primary infection. For r = 0 (r = 1) this is the SIR (SIS) model. For r > 1 + (μ/α) this model shows backward bifurcations, where μ is the death rate and α is the recovery rate. We show for the first time that for such models we can give an expression for the minimum effort required to eradicate the infection if we concentrate on control measures affecting the transmission rate constant β. This eradication effort is explicitly expressed in terms of α,r, and μ As in models without backward bifurcation it can be interpreted as a reproduction number, but not necessarily as the basic reproduction number. We define the relevant reproduction numbers for this purpose. The eradication effort can be estimated from the endemic steady state. The classical basic reproduction number R
0 is smaller than the eradication effort for r > 1 + (μ/α) and equal to the effort for other values of r. The method we present is relevant to the whole class of compartmental models with backward bifurcation.Dedicated to Karl Peter Hadeler on the occasion of his 70th birthday. 相似文献
13.
Ionization potential (IP), electron affinity (EA), dipole moment (μ) and electronic polarizability (α) of 1-, 3- and 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene isomers (1-NBaP, 3-NBaP, 6-NBaP) were determined by using density functional theory (DFT) and recent semiempirical PM6 methods. Calculated IP value remains
almost constant along the series of isomers, while EA value depends on the nitro group position, increasing by ca. 0.2 eV
on passing from 6- to 1-NBaP (or 3-NBaP) isomer. Stability, μ and α values decrease in the order 6-NBaP < 1-NBa ∼ 3-NBaP, the largest μ variation being predicted to be 1.5 D (30%) by DFT computations. The results obtained herein are consistent
with the observed greater mutagenic activity of 3- and 1-NBaP in comparison to 6-NBaP isomer, suggesting that both binding to enzyme, which depends on electric properties, and reduction process, which is related
to EA value may be crucial steps in the mutagenic mechanism of this series of isomers.
Figure Structure and dipole moment vector of nitrobenzo[a]pyrene isomers 相似文献
14.
An DS Cui CH Sung BH Yang HC Kim SC Lee ST Im WT Kim SG 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2012,94(3):673-682
The gene encoding an α-l-arabinofuranosidase that could biotransform ginsenoside Rc {3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1–2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-[α-l-arabinofuranosyl-(1–6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-20(S)-protopanaxadiol} to ginsenoside Rd {3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1–2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol} was cloned from a soil bacterium, Rhodanobacter ginsenosidimutans strain Gsoil 3054T, and the recombinant enzyme was characterized. The enzyme (AbfA) hydrolyzed the arabinofuranosyl moiety from ginsenoside
Rc and was classified as a family 51 glycoside hydrolase based on amino acid sequence analysis. Recombinant AbfA expressed
in Escherichia coli hydrolyzed non-reducing arabinofuranoside moieties with apparent K
m values of 0.53 ± 0.07 and 0.30 ± 0.07 mM and V
max values of 27.1 ± 1.7 and 49.6 ± 4.1 μmol min−1 mg−1 of protein for p-nitrophenyl-α-l-arabinofuranoside and ginsenoside Rc, respectively. The enzyme exhibited preferential substrate specificity of the exo-type
mode of action towards polyarabinosides or oligoarabinosides. AbfA demonstrated substrate-specific activity for the bioconversion
of ginsenosides, as it hydrolyzed only arabinofuranoside moieties from ginsenoside Rc and its derivatives, and not other sugar
groups. These results are the first report of a glycoside hydrolase family 51 α-l-arabinofuranosidase that can transform ginsenoside Rc to Rd. 相似文献
15.
Chavan SP Lokhande VH Nitnaware KM Nikam TD 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2011,89(6):1701-1707
The present study examined the effects of plant growth hormones, incubation period, biotic (Trametes versicolor, Mucor sp., Penicillium notatum, Rhizopus stolonifer, and Fusarium oxysporum) and abiotic (NaCl, MgSO4, FeSO4, ZnSO4, and FeCl3) elicitors on cell growth and α-tocopherol and pigment (red and yellow) productions in Carthamus tinctorius cell cultures. The cell growth and α-tocopherol and pigment contents improved significantly on Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid
medium containing 50.0 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2.5 μM 6-Benzyladenine (BA) at 28 days of incubation period.
Incorporation of T. versicolor (50 mg l−1) significantly enhanced the production of α-tocopherol (12.7-fold) and red pigment (4.24-fold). Similarly, supplementation
of 30 mg l−1
T. versicolor (7.54-fold) and 70 mg l−1
Mucor sp. (7.40-fold) significantly increased the production of yellow pigment. Among abiotic elicitors, NaCl (50–70 mg l−1) and MgSO4 (10–30 mg l−1) significantly improved production of α-tocopherol (1.24-fold) and red pigment (20-fold), whereas yellow pigment content
increased considerably by all the abiotic elicitor treatments. Taken together, the present study reports improved productions
of α-tocopherol and the pigment as a stress response of safflower cell cultures exposed to these elicitors. 相似文献
16.
17.
Masłyk M Kochanowicz E Zieliński R Kubiński K Hellman U Szyszka R 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》2008,312(1-2):61-69
Since Svf1 is phosphoprotein, we investigated whether it was a substrate for protein kinase CK2. According to the amino acid
sequence Svf1 harbours 20 putative CK2 phosphorylation sites. Here, we have reported cloning, overexpression, purification
and characterization of yeast Svf1 as a substrate for three forms of yeast CK2. Svf1 serves as a substrate for both the recombinant
CK2α (K
m 0.35 μM) and CK2α′ (K
m 0.18 μM) as well as CK2 holoenzyme (K
m 1.1 μM). Different K
m values argue that CK2β(β′) subunit has an inhibitory effect on the activity of both CK2α and CK2α′ towards surviving factor
Svf1. Reconstitution of α′2ββ′ isoform of CK2 holoenzyme shows that β/β′ subunits have regulatory effect depending on the kind of CK2 catalytic subunit.
This effect was not observed in the case of α2ββ′ isoform, which may be due to interaction between Svf1 and regulatory CK2β subunit (shown by co-immunoprecipitation experiments).
Interactions between CK2 subunits and Svf1 protein may have influence on ATP as well as ATP-competitive inhibitors (TBBt and
TBBz) binding. CK2 phosphorylates up to six serine residues in highly acidic peptide K199EVIPESDEEESSADEDDNEDEDEESGDSEEESGSEEESDSEEVEITYED248 of the Svf1 protein in vitro. Presented data may help to elucidate the role of protein kinase CK2 and Svf1 in the regulation
of cell survival pathways. 相似文献
18.
Part of the Larsen A Ice Shelf (64°15′S to 74°15′S) collapsed during January 1995. A first oceanographic and biological data
set from the newly free waters was obtained during December 1996. Typical shelf waters with temperatures near and below the
freezing point were found. A nutrient-rich water mass (max: PO4
3− 1.80 μmol L−1 and NO3
− 27.64 μmol L−1) was found between 70 and 200 m depth. Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) values (max 14.24 μg L−1) were high; surface oxygen saturation ranged between 86 and 148%. Diatoms of the genera Nitzschia and Navicula and the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis sp. were the most abundant taxa found. Mean daily primary production (Pc) estimated from nutrient consumption was 14.80 ± 0.17 mgC m−3 day−1. Pc was significantly correlated with total diatom abundance and Chl-a. Calculated ΔpCO2 (difference of the CO2 partial pressure between surface seawater and the atmosphere) was –30.5 μatm, which could have contributed to a net CO2 flux from the atmosphere to the sea and suggests the area has been a CO2 sink during the studied period. High phytoplankton biomass and production values were found in this freshly open area, suggesting
its importance for biological CO2 pumping. 相似文献
19.
Replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulation provides an efficient conformational sampling tool for the study of
protein folding. In this study, we explore the mechanism directing the structure variation from α/4β-fold protein to 3α-fold
protein after mutation by conducting REMD simulation on 42 replicas with temperatures ranging from 270 K to 710 K. The simulation
began from a protein possessing the primary structure of GA88 but the tertiary structure of GB88, two G proteins with “high
sequence identity.” Albeit the large Cα-root mean square deviation (RMSD) of the folded protein (4.34 ? at 270 K and 4.75 ?
at 304 K), a variation in tertiary structure was observed. Together with the analysis of secondary structure assignment, cluster
analysis and principal component, it provides insights to the folding and unfolding pathway of 3α-fold protein and α/4β-fold
protein respectively paving the way toward the understanding of the ongoings during conformational variation. 相似文献
20.
Shannon KE Saleh-Lakha S Burton DL Zebarth BJ Goyer C Trevors JT 《Antonie van Leeuwenhoek》2011,100(2):183-195
The effect of glucose addition (0 and 500 μg C g−1 soil) and nitrate (NO3) addition (0, 10, 50 and 500 μg NO3–N g−1 soil) on nitric oxide reductase (cnorB) gene abundance and mRNA levels, and cumulative denitrification were quantified over 48 h in anoxic soils inoculated with
Pseudomonas mandelii. Addition of glucose-C significantly increased cnorB
p
(P. mandelii and related species) mRNA levels and abundance compared with soil with no glucose added, averaged over time and NO3 addition treatments. Without glucose addition, cnorB
p
mRNA levels were higher when 500 μg NO3–N g−1 soil was added compared with other NO3 additions. In treatments with glucose added, addition of 50 μg NO3–N g−1 soil resulted in higher cnorB
p
mRNA levels than soil without NO3 but was not different from the 10 and 500 μg NO3–N g−1 treatments. cnorB
p
abundance in soils without glucose addition was significantly higher in soils with 500 μg NO3–N g−1 soil compared to lower N-treated soils. Conversely, addition of 500 μg NO3–N g−1 soil resulted in lower cnorB
p
abundance compared with soil without N-addition. Over 48 h, cumulative denitrification in soils with 500 μg glucose-C g−1 soil, and 50 or 500 μg NO3–N g−1 was higher than all other treatments. There was a positive correlation between cnorB
p
abundance and cumulative denitrification, but only in soils without glucose addition. Glucose-treated soils generally had
higher cnorB
p
abundance and mRNA levels than soils without glucose added, however response of cnorB
p
abundance and mRNA levels to NO3 supply depended on carbon availability. 相似文献