高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔心脏对低氧环境的适应

为了探讨高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔心脏对低氧环境的适应机制,以Sprague-Dawley (SD)大鼠为对照,测量三者的心脏/体重比(HW/BW)、右心室/(左心室 室间隔)重量比[RV/(LV S)];应用免疫组织化学方法测定心肌微血管密度(microvessel density, MVD);通过显微体视学技术比较线粒体的面数密度(NA,单位面积中线粒体数目)、体密度(Vv,单位体积心肌纤维中线粒体的体积密度)、面密度(Sv,单位体积心肌纤维中线粒体外膜的面积密度)、比表面(δ,线粒体外膜面积与其自身体积的比);用分光光度法测定心肌中的肌红蛋白(myoglobin, Mb)含量、乳酸(lactic acid, LD)含量和乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)活力;聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳观察LDH同工酶谱.结果显示:高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔HB/WB显著大于SD大鼠(P<0.05), RV/(LV S)显著小于SD大鼠(P<0.05).高原鼢鼠、高原鼠兔和SD大鼠心肌MVD和线粒体NA依次递减(P<0.05);高原鼢鼠线粒体Vv显著低于高原鼠兔和SD大鼠(P<0.05),高原鼠兔与SD大鼠之间没有明显差异;高原鼢鼠线粒体Sv显著高于SD大鼠(P<0.05),与高原鼠兔相比无明显差异;高原鼠兔和SD大鼠的线粒体δ无显著差异,但均明显低于高原鼢鼠(P<0.05).高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔心肌Mb含量显著高于SD大鼠(P<0.05);高原鼢鼠心肌LD含量显著高于高原鼠兔和SD大鼠(P<0.05);两种高原动物心肌LDH活力显著低于SD大鼠(P<0.05).同工酶谱显示,高原鼢鼠、高原鼠兔和SD大鼠的LDH中H亚基所占比例依次递减.以上结果提示,高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔通过增加心肌线粒体Sv、MVD以及Mb含量提高其在低氧环境获取氧的能力;同时,由于生境和习性上的不同,两者线粒体指标又表现出差异性.     

硫化氢对急性心肌缺血大鼠心肌线粒体损伤的影响

目的：探讨硫化氢（H2S）对急性心肌缺血大鼠线粒体功能的影响,并探讨其改善急性心肌缺血损伤的作用机制。方法：通过结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支建立急性心肌缺血模型。雄性SD大鼠48只随机分为6组（n=8）：假手术组,缺血组,缺血＋硫氢化钠（NaHS）低、中、高剂量组和缺血＋炔丙基甘氨酸（PPG）组。透射电镜观察心肌组织线粒体超微结构;检测血浆中H2S含量、心肌组织CSE活性;测定心肌线粒体活力、膜肿胀度及线粒体总ATP酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果：与假手术组比较,缺血组大鼠血浆H2S含量和心肌组织中CSE活性降低;心肌线粒体膜肿胀,线粒体活力下降;线粒体中MDA含量明显升高,ATP酶、SOD、GSH-Px活性明显降低（P〈0.01）。与缺血组比较,缺血＋NaHS低、中、高剂量组大鼠血浆H2S含量和心组织中CSE活性均升高;缺血＋NaHS中、高剂量组大鼠心肌线粒体MDA含量明显减少,膜肿胀度减轻;缺血＋NaHS低、中、高剂量组线粒体活力有所恢复,ATP酶、SOD、GSH-Px的活性明显升高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。PPG可部分减弱H2S的心肌保护作用（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：H2S可增强线粒体ATP酶、SOD、GSH-Px的活性,降低线粒体脂质过氧化水平,从而起到对大鼠急性心肌缺血的保护作用。     

大豆磷脂对老龄大鼠单胺氧化酶,血小板,动脉内膜的影响

本文观察了饲料添加剂大豆磷脂对老龄大鼠脑组织单胺氧化酶(MAO)活力、血小板聚集功能及主动脉内膜的影响。结果表示喂大豆磷脂24月龄大鼠组的大脑皮层、小脑、海马的MAO活力较对照组高,接近3月龄组;二磷酸腺苷(ADP)诱导血小板释放三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的量高于3月龄组,低于对照组;主动脉内膜扫描电镜观察内皮细胞轮廓清晰可见,有少数桥样结构,表面未见斑块样附着物,对照组则呈粥样硬化形态特征。上述结果提示,大豆磷脂作为饲料添加剂对某些衰老现象有明显的改善。     

耗竭性游泳对大鼠心肌线粒体膜功能的影响

耗竭性游泳对大鼠心肌线粒体膜功能的影响王文信,丁树哲,许豪文（华东师范大学体育系运动生化实验室,上海２０００６２）关键词心肌线粒体,内膜表面电位,游离钙,总钙,合成活力长时间耗竭性游泳或跑步引起心肌、骨骼肌、肝脏等线粒体结构和功能变化,这些变化可能与...     

中华眼镜蛇毒膜毒素对鼠肝线粒体膜的作用位点的研究

中华眼镜蛇毒膜毒素C(MT-C)对鼠肝完整线粒体的呼吸有明显抑制作用,但不影响完整线粒体的氧化磷酸化活力以及线粒体碎片上F_1-ATP酶的活力表现。根据膜毒素(MT-C)明显地抑制Ca~(++)诱导下的线粒体6态呼吸速度和质子释放,本文认为膜毒素(MT-C)在鼠肝线粒体上的真正作用位点可能位于内膜上Ca~(++)的结合位点附近,而不在呼吸酶系或磷酸化酶系本身。     

热应激大鼠心肌钙代谢的变化及其机理探索

心肌细胞内钙离子对心功能的调节有着极其重要的作用。本研究观察了不同热应激强度下大鼠心肌细胞内质网、线粒体中钙含量,Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力,内质网Ｃａ２＋主动转运速率及心肌ＡＴＰ含量的变化。研究结果表明,热应激大鼠心肌细胞内质网、线粒体钙含量随肛温升高显著下降;大鼠肛温达４２℃时,其钙含量分别较对照下降３２．２％和４６．５％;心肌细胞内质网和线粒体Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力亦明显降低,线粒体Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力下降幅度更为激烈。热应激大鼠心肌内质网Ｃａ２＋主动转运速率和Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力变化趋势相同,且两者呈密切相关关系。热应激大鼠心肌ＡＴＰ含量亦随肛温升高大幅度降低,当动物肛温超过４２℃时,其可降至对照动物的３７．５％;热应激大鼠心肌ＡＴＰ含量的变化与内质网Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力关系密切。实验结果提示：热应激心肌细胞质膜受损所致细胞Ｃａ２＋主动转运功能紊乱及心肌能量代谢障碍是心肌钙稳态失调的主要原因;心肌细胞钙代谢紊乱是诱导心肌细胞严重受损,导致热应激机体心血管功能失调,甚至心功能衰竭的重要机制     

糖尿病心肌纤维化和肌动蛋白异常表达的研究

目的　研究糖尿病大鼠不同病程心肌纤维化和肌动蛋白含量的变化 ,阐明两者对糖尿病心肌病变发生的作用。方法　 1.制造糖尿病大鼠心肌模型并随机分组。 2 .氯胺T法测定羟脯氨酸含量 ,代表心肌胶原总含量。心肌免疫组织化学染色测定心肌胶原蛋白 (CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅡ )和心肌型α肌动蛋白 (α actin)及转化生长因子β1(TGF β1)。 3.心肌病理改变的光镜和透射电镜观察。结果　糖尿病病程 6个月组心肌胶原总含量明显高于病程 3个月以内组 (P <0 0 1)。病程 3个月之后Ⅰ型胶原蛋白表达伴随TGF β1的表达开始较健康鼠明显增加 (P <0 0 1)。α actin蛋白表达较健康鼠明显减少 (P <0 0 1)。糖尿病鼠心肌可见大量胶原纤维相互连接成网状 ,排列紊乱 ,分布不匀。心肌细胞心肌型α actin蛋白分布不均匀 ,位于心肌线粒体膜处 ,着色呈浅黄色。病程 3个月后大鼠α actin蛋白表达明显减少 ,心肌细胞核皱缩 ,线粒体肿胀 ,在细胞核周围和细胞质内有大量糖原沉积现象。结论　Ⅰ型心肌胶原蛋白大量增加是糖尿病鼠心肌纤维化的主要原因。心肌型actin表达减少 ,心肌细胞核皱缩和线粒体肿胀以及糖原沉积是糖尿病心肌病的病理基础。     

支链氨基酸对心肌缺血大鼠线粒体损伤的保护作用

目的和方法：本文用异丙肾上腺素（Ｉｓｏ） 造成大鼠心肌缺血动物模型,观察支链氨基酸（ＢＣＡＡ）对大鼠心肌缺血时线粒体结构和功能损伤的预防作用。结果：ＢＣＡＡ 能显著降低心肌缺血后心肌线粒体中丙二醛（ＭＤＡ） 水平、维持线粒体模平均微粘度（－η） 、线粒体呼吸链中细胞色素氧化酶及心肌肌球蛋白ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力。结论：给予ＢＣＡＡ对保护大鼠心肌线粒体的结构和功能免受缺血性损伤具有一定效果     

GPX—abzyme对受XO／HX系统损伤的心肌线粒体的保护作用

探讨了研制的具有谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力的含硒抗体酶（ＧＰＸ－ａｂｚｙｍｅ）对于受损心肌线粒体的保护作用。利用牛的心肌线粒体为实验材料,通过线粒体的膨胀度、脂质过氧化物含量、ＣＣＯ活力变化及电镜观察等几个方面证明ＧＰＸ－ａｂｚｙｍｅ能抵抗ＸＯ／ＨＸ系统产生的自由基的损伤作用,ＥＳＲ研究也表明ＧＰＸ－ａｂｚｙｍｅ能明显降低ＸＯ／ＨＸ损伤系统中的自由基含量。     

GPX－abzyme对受XO／HX系统损伤的心肌线粒体的保护作用

探讨了研制的具有谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力的含硒抗体酶（ＧＰＸ－ａｂｚｙｍｅ）对于受损心肌线粒体的保护作用,利用牛的心肌线粒体为实验材料,通过线粒体的膨胀度、脂质过氧化物含量、ＣＣＯ活力变化及电镜观察等几个方面证明ＧＰＸ－ａｂｚｙｍｅ能抵抗ＸＯ／ＨＸ系统产生的自由基的损伤作用,ＥＳＲ研究也表明ＧＰＸ－ａｂｚｙｍｅ能明显降低ＸＯ／ＨＸ损伤系统中的自由基含量。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.