黄梁木实时荧光定量PCR分析中内参基因的选择

为筛选黄梁木(Neolamarckia cadamba)实时定量PCR最佳内参基因, 该研究以黄梁木的根、芽、叶、花、果、皮及形成层为材料, 利用RT-qPCR技术对ACT、CAC、CYP和EF1α等21个管家基因家族43个候选内参基因进行表达量分析, 并利用geNorm、NormFinder和BestKeeper软件进行内参基因稳定性分析。geNorm的分析结果显示, UPL基因的稳定性最高(M=0.443), UBQ基因的稳定性最低(M=2.859); NormFinder的分析结果显示, UPL基因的稳定性最高(E=0.223), UBQ基因的稳定性最低(M=4.759); BestKeeper分析显示, UPL基因的标准偏差(SD=0.513)最低。研究结果表明, UPL基因作为内参基因稳定性最高, UBQ基因的稳定性最低。因此可以选择UPL基因作为黄梁木不同组织中RT-qPCR定量分析的内参基因。     

Validation of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Normalization

The normalization of quantitative real time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) is important to obtain accurate gene expression data. The most common method for qRT-PCR normalization is to use reference, or house- keeping genes. However, there is emerging evidence that even reference genes can be regulated under different conditions, qRT-PCR has only recently been used in terms of zebrafish gene expression studies and there is no validated set of reference genes. This study characterizes the expression of nine possible reference genes during zebrafish embryonic development and in a zebrafish tissue panel. All nine reference genes exhibited variable expression. The β-actin, EF1α and Rp113α genes comprise a validated reference gene panel for zebrafish developmental time course studies, and the EF1α, Rp113α and 18S rRNA genes are more suitable as a reference gene panel for zebrafish tissue analysis. Importantly, the zebrafish GAPDH gene appears unsuitable as reference gene for both types of studies.     

实时荧光定量PCR中内参基因的选择

实时荧光定量PCR技术是分析基因表达谱的一种常用方法,在分析中选择合适的内参基因对数据进行校正是得到可信数据的关键。以Lactobacillus helveticus H9为研究对象,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术,评价了5种常用内参基因ldh、recA、rpoB、gapdh和16S rRNA的表达稳定性,通过geNorm和NormFinder程序进行数据分析,结果表明5个候选内参基因在菌株不同的发酵时间点表达相对都较为稳定,结合两种分析得到其中最为稳定的基因是ldh,适合于用作后续实时荧光定量PCR试验中的内参基因。     

茶树实时荧光定量PCR分析中内参基因的选择

选择合适的内参基因是提高实时荧光定量PCR分析（qRT-PCR）准确性的先决条件。该文以茶树（Camellia sinensis）芽、叶、幼根、嫩茎、花瓣、种子和愈伤组织为材料,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术,分析了18S rRNA、GAPDH、β-actin和α-tubulin4个常用内参基因在茶树不同器官组织中的表达情况。经GeNorm和NormFinder软件分析发现,当利用荧光定量PCR分析比较茶树不同器官组织中的基因表达差异时,可选择β-actin作为校正内参基因;而比较不同成熟度的叶片和愈伤组织时,可以选择GAPDH作为校正内参基因。     

应用抑制性消减杂交技术克隆大鼠肝再生过程中特异表达基因

应用抑制性消减杂交技术成功地构建了高消减效率的正向消减cDNA文库,从随机挑取的50个克隆中有31个均检出了60~400bp插入片段,对这些插入cDNA片段进行测序后经Genbank同源性检索,表明其中7个片段为未知新序列。大鼠肝切除后肝再生cDNA正向消减文库的建立为进一步大批量筛选、克隆肝再生特异性表达的未知新基因奠定了基础,初步筛选出的特异性表达的序列标记为进一步研究肝再生中基因的功能提供了依据。 Abstract:The cDNA from rat regenerating liver tissue was used as the tester and that from normal liver was used as the driver.A highly efficient subtractive cDNA library was constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH).After screening,31 clones from 50 clones which were derived from the cDNA library were inserted by 60~400bp cDNA fragments.24 cDNA fragments corresponded to known genes and 7 cDNA fragments were unknown sequences(GenBank accession number:BG447490~447496).     

Evaluation of housekeeping genes as references for quantitative real-time PCR analysis of European eel,Anguilla anguilla

Eels are important aquaculture species for which an increasing number of reference genes are being identified and applied. In this study, five housekeeping genes [RPL7 (ribosomal protein L7), 18 S (18 S ribosomal RNA), EF1A (elongation factor 1α), ACTB (β-actin) and GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase)] were chosen to evaluate their reliability as reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for the study of Anguilla anguilla. The expression of the selected genes in different eel tissues was determined using qPCR at different growth stages or upon challenge by Anguillid herpesvirus (AngHV), and the expression levels of these genes were then compared and evaluated using the geNorm and NormFinder algorithms. Then, RefFinder was used to comprehensively rank the examined housekeeping genes. Interestingly, the expression of the evaluated housekeeping genes exhibited tissue-dependent and treatment-dependent variations. In different growth periods A. anguilla tissues, the most stable genes were the following: ACTB in mucus; 18 S in skin and kidney; RPL7 in muscle, gill, intestine and brain; EF1A in heart and liver; and GAPDH in spleen. In contrast, in AngHV-challenged A. anguilla tissues, the most stable genes were the following: 18 S in mucus; RPL7 in skin, gill, heart, spleen, kidney and intestine; EF1A in muscle and liver; and ACTB in brain. Further comparison analysis indicated that the expression of RPL7 and EF1A was stable in multiple A. anguilla tissues in different growth periods and in eels challenged by AngHV. Nonetheless, the expression level of GAPDH in eel tissues was lower, and it was unstable in several tissues. These results indicated that the selection of reference genes for qPCR analysis in A. anguilla should be made in accordance with experimental parameters, and both RPL7 and EF1A could be used as reference genes for qPCR study of A. anguilla at different growth stages or upon challenge by AngHV. The reference genes identified in this study could improve the accuracy of qPCR data and facilitate further studies aimed at understanding the biology of eels.     

植物实时荧光定量PCR内参基因的特点及选择

实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)具有灵敏度高、特异性强、重复的动态定量范围和高通量等优点,是进行植物基因表达和转录分析最常用的技术手段之一.选择合适的内参基因是正确运用实时荧光定量PCR分析目标基因表达变化的前提.近年来,大量研究表明,内参基因的选择应取决于研究者的实验条件;随着实验条件的变化,内参基因的选择也随之变化.因此,实时荧光定量PCR结果分析的准确性在很大程度上依赖于所选择的内参基因是否适合.该文从内参基因的选择、常用内参基因的特点、新内参基因的挖掘、应用内参基因组合的优点和内参基因的稳定性评价等几方面进行综述,以期为研究者在实验中选择合适的内参基因提供参考和理论依据.     

细胞连接相关基因在大鼠肝再生中表达模式

细胞连接是组织、器官形成的基础。为在基因转录水平了解紧密连接、粘附连接、粘着斑和间隙连接相关基因在肝再生中作用,本文用搜集网站资料和查阅相关论文等方法获得上述基因,用Rat Genome 230 2.0芯片检测它们在大鼠再生肝中表达情况,将3次检验结果相同或相似、在肝再生中发生有意义表达变化、真手术组和假手术组表达差异显著的基因视为肝再生相关基因。初步证实上述4种细胞连接中79、53、109和53个基因与肝再生相关。其中,肝再生启动(部分肝切除后0.5～4h)、G0/G1过渡(PH后4～6h)、细胞增殖(部分肝切除后6～66h)、细胞分化和组织结构功能重建(部分肝切除后72～168h)等4个阶段起始表达的基因数和基因的总表达次数为124、43、122、10和249、145、957、306。表明相关基因主要在肝再生启动阶段起始表达,在不同阶段发挥作用。它们共上调972次,下调540次,表明肝再生中大多数细胞连接相关基因表达加强,少数基因表达降低。它们表达的相似性分为均上调、上调占优势、均下调、下调占优势、上调和下调相近等5类,涉及102、38、73、27和16个基因,它们表达的时间相关性分为0.5和1h、2h、4和6h、8和12h、16h、18和48h、24h、30和42h、36h、54和60h、66和72h、96h、120h、144和168h等14组,表明肝再生中细胞生理生化活动具有阶段性。它们的表达模式分为41类,表明肝再生中细胞生理生化活动具有多样性和复杂性。根据肝再生中基因表达变化和表达模式推测,肝再生早期和前期间隙连接形成增强,晚中期和后期间隙连接形成减少;早期、前期和后期粘着斑形成增强;紧密连接和粘附连接的形成贯穿于整个肝再生。     

实时荧光定量PCR的发展和数据分析

实时荧光定量PCR技术是基因时代一项用于检测mRNA的常用技术,是临床检测和基础研究中不可缺少的重要研究方法,包括绝对定量PCR和相对定量PCR。该技术的特点是可以减少PCR后操作,在比较不同浓度的mRNA方面具有非常宽的动力学范围。我们就目前实时荧光定量PCR的发展及数据的分析进行综述。     

Validation of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Bovine PBMCs Transformed and Non-transformed by Theileria annulata

Theileria annulata is a tick-borne intracellular protozoan parasite that causes tropical theileriosis, a fatal bovine lymphoproliferative disease. The parasite predominantly invades bovine B lymphocytes and macrophages and induces host cell transformation by a mechanism that is not fully comprehended. Analysis of signaling pathways by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) could be a highly efficient means to understand this transformation mechanism. However, accurate analysis of qPCR data relies on selection of appropriate reference genes for normalization, yet few papers on T. annulata contain evidence of reference gene validation. We therefore used the geNorm and NormFinder programs to evaluate the stability of 5 candidate reference genes; 18S rRNA, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), ACTB (β-actin), PRKG1 (protein kinase cGMP-dependent, type I) and TATA box binding protein (TBP). The results showed that 18S rRNA was the reference gene most stably expressed in bovine PBMCs transformed and non-transformed with T. annulata, followed by GAPDH and TBP. While 18S rRNA and GAPDH were the best combination, these 2 genes were chosen as references to study signaling pathways involved in the transformation mechanism of T. annulata.     

基因表达转录分析中内参基因的选择

目前基因表达的转录分析多采用单一看家基因作为内参来校正目标基因的表达量.实验中以人肝癌BEL-7402细胞为研究对象,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术,观察了新型三肽化合物酪丝缬肽作用后RPL13A、UBC、EIF4A、B2M、GAPDH和ACTB共6个看家基因mRNA水平的表达情况.经过geNorm程序统计学分析处理,结果表明,这6个看家基因的表达存在差异,确定了RPL13A、UBC2个看家基因用于校正目标基因的表达量.基因表达转录分析中内参基因选择的必要性在实验中得以证明,更重要的是为各种实验因素影响下(尤其是新物质作用下)内参基因的选择介绍和提供了一种行之有效的方法.     

大鼠短间隔连续部分肝切除上调表达基因的克隆与分析 *

以短间隔连续部分肝切除112h为试验方,以0h对照为驱动方,应用抑制性消减杂交技术构建了高效率的正向消减cDNA文库,从中随机挑取的50个克隆中有45个包含了100～350bp插入片段,对这些片段进行测序后经GenBank blast同源性检索,表明8个片段均为未知新序列。大鼠短间隔连续部分肝切除后肝再生cDNA正向消减文库的建立和未知的上调表达基因片段的克隆为研究肝再生的分子机理奠定了基础。     

实时荧光定量PCR分析蒙古韭低温诱导叶片中内参基因的选择

实时荧光定量PCR (real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,qRT-PCR)是广泛应用于基因表达分析的实验技术。在基因表达分析过程中,选择稳定表达的内参基因对实验结果的准确性非常重要。以低温诱导24 h和72 h蒙古韭(Allium mongolicum)的叶片为材料,无处理0 h叶片为对照,使用荧光定量PCR法分析了Am5S-rRNA、AmActin、AmGAPDH和AmEF1-α4个看家基因的表达情况。通过ge Norm和NormFinder程序分析,发现AmGAPDH稳定性最好,Am5S-r RNA和AmActin次之,AmEF1-α稳定性最差,因此选择AmGAPDH作为蒙古韭基因表达分析的内参基因。本研究通过qRT-PCR方法分析稳定表达的内参基因,对后续蒙古韭低温诱导基因表达分析有重要的意义。     

茶树实时荧光定量PCR分析中内参基因的选择

选择合适的内参基因是提高实时荧光定量PCR分析(qRT-PCR)准确性的先决条件。该文以茶树(Camellia sinensis) 芽、叶、幼根、嫩茎、花瓣、种子和愈伤组织为材料, 应用实时荧光定量PCR技术, 分析了18S rRNA、GAPDH、β-actin和α-tubulin 4个常用内参基因在茶树不同器官组织中的表达情况。经GeNorm和NormFinder软件分析发现, 当利用荧光定量PCR分析比较茶树不同器官组织中的基因表达差异时, 可选择β-actin作为校正内参基因; 而比较不同成熟度的叶片和愈伤组织时, 可以选择GAPDH作为校正内参基因。     

Evaluation of the rrn operon copy number in Bifidobacterium using real-time PCR

AIMS: A real-time PCR-based method was developed to evaluate the Bifidobacterium rRNA operon copy number. As a result of their repetitive nature, rRNA operons are very suitable targets for chromosomal integration of heterologous genes. METHODS AND RESULTS: The rrn operon multiplicity per chromosome was determined by real-time PCR quantification of the 16S rRNA amplicons obtained from genomic DNA. The values obtained in several bifidobacterial strains of human origin ranged from 1 to 5. The reliability of the method developed was confirmed by Southern hybridization technique. CONCLUSIONS: In the Bifidobacterium genus the rrn operon copies showed variability at species and strain level. The identification of Bifidobacterium strains with high rRNA multiplicity allowed the selection of potential hosts for chromosomal integration. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The methodology here proposed represents a rapid, reliable and sensitive new tool for the quantification of rrn operon copy number in bacteria.     

持家基因作为相对定量内标物的稳定性比较

定量PCR是在PCR定性技术基础上发展起来的核酸定量技术,定量检测时常用编码甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶、β-肌动蛋白、28S和18SrRNA等的持家基因作为内部参照,这些基因被认为在某些类型细胞中的表达是恒定的。近年来,很多研究者发现上述持家基因的表达水平并不稳定,利用它们作为内标来定量并不准确。因此,在进行定量实验时应选择适当的2种或2种以上的内参基因,以减少检测标本间的差异。     

简易高效的小鼠肝再生模型的建立

目的建立一种简易、高效的小鼠2/3肝切除方法。方法取3月龄健康昆明小鼠,进行肝顺次结扎切除手术,观察术后小鼠生存和肝组织再生状况。结果通过顺次结扎切除左小叶和中央小叶,可在15min内完成小鼠2/3肝脏切除手术,术后成活率为90%,术后42h时可见肝组织再生,术后7d肝脏可恢复75%以上的肝组织原质量。结论通过分叶顺次肝切除术,可准确量化肝脏切除的程度,简便易行、成功率高,为肝再生的机理研究提供了理想的动物模型。     

Monitoring of Gene Expression Profiles and Isolation of Candidate Genes Involved in Pollination and Fertilization in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) with a 10K cDNA Microarray

To monitor gene expression profiles during pollination and fertilization in rice at a genome scale, we generated 73,424 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) derived from the green/etiolated shoot and pistil (0-5 h after pollination, 5hP) of rice, which were subsequently used to construct a cDNA microarray containing ca. 10 000 unique rice genes. This microarray was used to analyze gene expression in pistil unpollinated (UP), 5hP and 5DAP(5 days after pollination), anther, shoot, root, 10-day-old embryo (10EM) and 10-day-old endosperm (10EN). Clustering analysis revealed that the anther has a gene-expression profile more similar to root than to pistil and most pistil-preferentially expressed genes respond to pollination and/or fertilization. There are 253 ESTs exhibiting differential expression (e +/- 2-fold changes) during pollination and fertilization, and about 70% of them can be assigned a putative function. We also recovered 20 genes similar to pollination-related and/or fertility-related genes previously identified as well as genes that were not implicated previously. Microarray and real-time PCR analyses showed that the array sensitivity was estimated at 1-5 copies of mRNA per cell, and the differentially expressed genes showed a high correlation between the two methods. Our results indicated that this cDNA microarray constructed here is reliable and can be used for monitoring gene expression profiles in rice. In addition, the genes that differentially expressed during pollination represent candidate genes for dissecting molecular mechanism of this important biological process in rice.