四十五种叶蝉的染色体研究（同翅目：叶蝉总科）

研究观察了45种中国雄性叶蝉的减数分裂,其中44种的核型为首次报道,染色体数目变化在2n=12～26之间,性别决定均为XO型。从叶蝉总科的组型图来看,该科染色体数目变化在2n=8～28之间,峰值为2n=18(16+XO),另外几种类型2n=16,20,22也有较高的出现频率。科内染色体数目的进化不具有明显的方向性,2n=22(20+XO)是该科的原始核型,易位导致的不均等互换可能是染色体数目进化的主要机制。从精子发生来看叶蝉总科与角蝉总科的关系较为密切,两者的共同特点是：①精母细胞体积较大,显著不同于沫蝉和蝉科;②减数分裂行为及精子变态过程相似;③染色体数目较少,染色体体积较大;④减数分裂前期具有典型的花束期,没有弥散期,因而不同于蜡蝉。但是由于叶蝉总科的染色体变异范围明显大于角蝉总科,而角蝉总科的核型相对较为保守,从核型上来说角蝉总科是比叶蝉总科较为原始的类群。     

类水狼蛛的核型（蜘蛛目：狼蛛科）

对稻田优势种类类水狼蛛(Pirata piratoides)进行了染色体核型、C-带核型的观察与分析,结果:类水狼蛛染色体数目:雄性2n=26,雌性2n=28,性别决定机制为X_1X_2O型,所有染色体均为端着丝粒,性染色体为最长的1条(对)和最短的1条(对)。     

棕色田鼠的细胞遗传学研究

本次首次报告棕色田鼠（Microtus mandarinus)的核型,核型公式为2n=50=2(M,T) 2SM 44T XX(M,SM),XY(SM,ST),发现第一对常染色体及X性染色体存在多态现象,在所研究的15只雌性个体中有7只雌性个体的细胞只有1条X性染色体,性染色体组成为XO型,核型公式为2n=49=2(M,ST) 2SM 44T＋XO,。其中X性染色体不同于雄性中的X（SM）,为M类型,本文提出的综色田鼠3种核型与Brown等人（1964）提出的Microtus oregoni的3种核型（XO,YO,XY）有异,本文还阐述了染色体多态产生的机制和探讨了XO型个体发生的机理及其繁殖。     

鼠颚毛厉螨染色体组型及其C-带、G-带的研究(蜱螨亚纲:厉螨科)

本文首次报道了厉螨科鼠颚毛厉螨 Tricholaelaps myonyssognathus 染色体组型及其C-带、G-带的研究。结果表明其为单二倍体性决定系统(n=6,2n=12),雄性体细胞具有6条染色体,雌性体细胞具有12条染色体。所有染色体均为单着丝粒,其着丝粒位置分别为中部(1和2号)、亚中部(3号)、亚端部(4号)及端点(5和6号)。C-带为着丝粒带。G-带的有35条深带。     

毛冠鹿染色体组型

毛冠鹿Elaphodus cephalophus是我国特有的珍稀鹿种。分布于我国东南及西南等省。有关它的核型中国科学院昆明动物研究所张锡然等人1983年作了报导,其中雄性鹿2n=48,雌性鹿2n=47,在核型中均有一条较大的亚中部着丝点染色体没有同源染色体可以配对,但表现形式在两性染色体组型中是不同的,在雌性鹿中是一条亚中部着丝点染色体,在雄性鹿中,则为两条断开的端部着丝点染色体。     

中国两种波腿蝗（蝗总科：癞蝗科）染色体C带核型研究

报道中国两种波腿蝗的染色体C带核型,结果表明：红胫波腿蝗Asiotmethis zacharjini (Bei-Bienko, 1926) 2n ♂ =18, neo-X为亚中着丝粒染色体,其他均为近端着丝粒染色体,染色体除强染的着丝粒C带,S8染色体具强染端部C带带纹,neo-Y染色体还具有一条宽的弱染的近着丝粒端居间C带,性别决定机制是neo-XY ♂型,该种染色体组成和性别决定机制在我国癞蝗中为首次报道,蓝胫波腿蝗Asiotmethis jubatus (Uvarov, 1926) 2n＝19♂,均为近端着丝粒染色体,仅具有明显强染的着丝粒C带,性别决定机制是XO ♂型;两种波腿蝗的异染色质含量存在显著性差异（α=0.05）。     

哺乳动物二倍体性别决定系统的多样性

哺乳动物的大多数物种具有XY染色体性别决定 系统。例如,猩猩(Pongo pygmaeets）的二倍体染色 体数,不论是雌性个体还是雄性个体,均为2n = 44, 一可配为22对。其中21对为常染色体;另一对是决定 性别的性染色体,在雌性为XX,在雄性为XY。这是一 般熟知的情况。     

上海真厉螨的染色体组型及其C带研究

本文首次报道了血革螨科上海真厉螨染色体组型及其C带的研究。上海真厉螨染色体数目表明,其具有单二倍体性决定系统(n=8,2n=16),雄性体细胞具有8条染色体,雌性体细胞具有16条染色体。染色体可分为3组,1—3组,4—6组,7—8组染色体。染色体组型的测量统计分析表明,染色体着丝点位置分别为中部(1、2和3号)、亚中部(4、5和6号)及端点(7和8号)。C-带主要位于着丝点区。第2染色体长臂和短臂及第3染色体的短臂具有插入型C-带,第7和第8染色体为端型C-带。本文还讨论了血革螨科上海真厉螨的组型、性决定、染色体多态现象及其C-带的带型特征等问题。     

毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)体细胞的染色体研究

本文首次报道我国特有的珍贵动物毛冠鹿的染色体数目及特征,其二倍染色体众数雄性为2n=48,雌性为2n=47。雌雄两性的核型中均有几条难以鉴别的染色体,如雌性的第23对染色体,24号染色体;雄性的第23号,24号、25号、26号染色体,G-带分析表明,雄性的第25号,26号染色体正相当于雌性的24号染色体的长臂和短臂。C-带,G-带观察表明,雌性的第23对,24号染色体,雄性的23号,24号,25号染色体异染色质特别丰富,推测这几条染色体可能参与性别的决定,但正确的性决定机制及性染色体的鉴别有待进一步研究。Ag—As技术揭示,核仁组织者均位于第一对和第二对染色体的次缢痕处。此外,本文还测定了该种动物姐妹染色单体的交换频率(SCE),其平均值为每细胞6.2。     

四斑巨螯蛛(Dyschiriognotha quadrimaculata)的核型分析

报道四斑巨螯蛛的染色体数目,形态特征和性染色体组成,结果表明:四斑巨螯蛛的染色体数目是:雌性2n=26;雄性2n=24,性别决定机制是X_1X_2O型,这种蜘蛛的染色体小,常规制片显示出自然带纹。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.