五味子属（五味子科）分类系统的初步修订

通过对前人提出的五味子属（五味子科）分类系统的点评,根据五味子属植物的33个形态性状及其性状分析,经过分支分析,提出一个新的五味子属分类系统：将五味子属分为五味子亚属和团蕊五味子亚属;将五味子亚属分为多蕊五味子组、少蕊五味子组、中华五味子组和五味子组。编排了分亚属、组和种的检索表,对每个种上分类等级均列出其模式、异名和代表种。     

中国灯心草属植物的研究

本文通过对国产灯心草属植物的研究,提出了一个中国灯心草属分类系统排列,首次确认我国产6亚属,14组(包括10个新组),4个系(包括3个新系),77种(包括14个新种),l亚种(新亚种)和10变种(包括4个新变种),对其中一些种类作了归并及处理。     

国产木蓝属的系统研究

本文叙述了木蓝属系统研究的简史,对该属形态特征的演化趋势及属下分类进行系统研究,根据植物习性、叶的特征、果实形态及含种子数,将国产木蓝属80种,1变种归纳为3亚属,并将木蓝亚属分为14亚组,其中包括9个新亚组,对其中一些种类作了归并及处理,并编写了分种检索表。     

国产木兰科含笑亚族植物的叶结构及其分类学意义

为了探讨含笑亚族Micheliinae植物属间关系以及含笑属Michella属下等级的划分和一些种的分类学地位,利用放大镜和体视镜对国产含笑亚族植物3属共28个分类群的叶结构特征进行了观察与研究。结果表明：含笑属、合果木属Paramichelia和观光木属Tsoongiodendron植物的脉序类型、一级脉、二级脉及其间脉和三级脉等特征表现出较高的一致性,三属间无明显的划分界限;但是,盲脉及其分支、网眼的发育和大小、叶缘末级脉等叶结构特征存在种间差异。在含笑属中,树状盲脉首次被观察到。用UPGMA对所研究28个分类群、木兰属Magnolia两个亚属各2种和鹅掌楸Liriodendron chinense的叶结构特征和形态学特征共46个性状进行聚类分析。分析结果表明：（1）合果木Pbaillonii和观光木T.odorum与含笑属的种聚为一支,因此,支持将合果木属和观光木属归并入含笑属;（2）这些特征为含笑属内组的划分提供了分类学意义;（3）基于叶结构特征、形态学特征、地理分布、聚类分析,对含笑属内一些种类的分类地位进行了讨论。     

河南小秦岭忍冬属植物的分布及资源利用探讨

河南小秦岭自然保护区自然分布有忍冬属植物16种(变种),约占河南省忍冬属植物总数的64.0%,占全国忍冬属植物总数的16.3%。按照Rehder(1903)的分类系统可分为两个亚属(忍冬亚属、轮花亚属),3个组(囊管组、空枝组、忍冬组)。还就忍冬属植物资源的利用进行了探讨。     

世界蓑藓属（Macromitrium,Bryophyta）植物分类修订与系统发育研究：历史、现状和问题

蓑藓属(Macromitrium Brid.)是藓类植物中分类最困难的类群之一。先后该属记录946个种,现接受351个种。目前中美洲、亚洲、澳大利亚、新西兰等地区的蓑藓属植物基本完成了分类修订,而南美洲、非洲中部、马达加斯加等地区的蓑藓属植物尚未进行系统的分类修订。蓑藓属的属下分类系统问题众多,先后在该属下建立了10个亚属、20个组和2个亚组,目前接受的有4个亚属和8个组,但是这些类群之间的分类地位和关系仍然不清。鉴于蓑藓属种数多,种间分类问题多,分布广泛,需要开展国际间的合作才能够解决世界蓑藓属的分类修订和系统学研究。     

杜鹃花属植物种间可交配性及其特点

该研究以杜鹃花属5亚属3组17亚组38种和共计91个可育组合及109个不育组合的杂交结果为依据,通过杂交可育指标频度分析,初步揭示该属植物种间可交配性的分布规律。结果表明:(1)根据育性等级频度的研究,可得到种间可交配性排序结果,即亚属级:常绿杜鹃亚属内杂交杜鹃亚属内杂交常绿杜鹃亚属×杜鹃亚属杜鹃亚属×映山红亚属常绿杜鹃亚属×映山红亚属常绿杜鹃亚属×羊踯躅亚属常绿杜鹃亚属×马银花亚属杜鹃亚属×羊踯躅亚属;亚组级:银叶杜鹃亚组×同亚属的其他亚组云锦杜鹃亚组内杂交云锦杜鹃亚组×银叶杜鹃亚组银叶杜鹃亚组×杜鹃亚属各组三花杜鹃亚组内杂交云锦杜鹃亚组×同亚属其他亚组云锦杜鹃亚组×杜鹃亚属各组常绿杜鹃亚属的其他亚组×杜鹃亚属各组。(2)种间可交配性与亲本间的亲缘关系及染色体倍性有明显的关联,与分类系统中所反映的类群亲缘关系契合,原始的杜鹃花属植物类群如常绿杜鹃亚属可能比较进化类群具有更广泛的可交配性。(3)坐果率、绿苗率、绿苗系数和单位可育种子数量及其等级频度能从不同的侧面反映杜鹃花属植物杂交可育性数量特征,但也分别存在某些局限性,建立综合评价方案和可育性等级频度指标十分重要。     

从Cyt b基因序列探讨鹿亚科动物的系统发生关系

鹿亚科共有4个属,各属间和属内特别是鹿属内的系统进化关系存在疑义。根据Cyt b基因序列分析,探讨了鹿亚科及中国鹿属、马鹿亚种的进化关系。结果分析表明：现行分类系统中,斑鹿属可能并非单系发生,暗示应将豚鹿并入鹿属;麋鹿属与鹿属有较近的进化关系,也应并入鹿属;黄占鹿属的进化地位有待进一步研究;归并后的鹿属为单系发生。中国马鹿各亚种在系统发生上是一单系群,其中马鹿天山亚种和阿尔泰亚种聚为最原始的一支。     

西藏杜鹃花属植物资源及其应用前景分析

采用实地调查与文献查阅相结合的方法,对西藏杜鹃花属植物资源进行了统计和分析.西藏杜鹃花属植物共有180种(不包括种下分类等级),隶属于常绿杜鹃亚属、杜鹃亚属、马银花亚属、毛枝杜鹃亚属和糙叶杜鹃亚属5个亚属,以常绿杜鹃亚属(58.89％)和杜鹃亚属(38.33％)为主.从生活型来看,西藏杜鹃花属植物可分为灌木型(123种...     

獐牙菜亚族植物的系统发育分析

獐牙菜亚族(subtribe Swertiinae)是龙胆科(Gentianaceae)中分类处理较困难的一个亚族。为探讨该亚族各属之间和属内的系统关系,选取了该亚族86种及变种,采用ML和BI方法对样本的叶绿体基因mat K和rbc L片段进行分析,构建了该亚族的系统发育树,用马尔科夫蒙特卡洛算法(MCMC)的分子序列贝叶斯分析推算了该亚族的关键演化时间点。结果显示:①龙胆亚族和獐牙菜亚族各自为单系,且互为姐妹类群;②獐牙菜属、假龙胆属、肋柱花属和喉毛花属均不是单系群,各属的种在系统发育树上互有交叉,特别是獐牙菜属的多个种分别聚到不同的支上,与其它属是并系关系;③獐牙菜亚族49个种在约4 Ma开始形成;④分子数据支持何廷农分类系统对于獐牙菜亚属和多枝亚属的属间划分,部分支持多枝亚属下多枝组和宽丝组的划分;⑤异型花属、獐牙菜属、假龙胆属、喉毛花和肋柱花属的属间分类以及獐牙菜属肉根亚属密花组的系统位置仍需进一步讨论。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.