响应面法优化桑葚多糖的超声波辅助提取工艺条件

本研究利用响应面法优化桑葚多糖的超声波辅助提取工艺条件;选定提取温度、时间及水料比作为影响因素,以桑葚多糖提取率为评价指标,在单因素实验的基础上,通过3因素3水平Box-Behnken中心组合试验建立多糖提取率的二次多项式回归方程,研究超声提取时间、温度、水料比对桑葚多糖提取率的影响;结果显示最佳提取工艺条件为提取温度72℃、超声时间23.5 min、水料比27∶1(v∶m,mL/g),在该条件下多糖提取率预测值为17.80%,验证值为17.78±0.85%(n=3);此方法与传统水提取法相比具有省时、高效的优点,为桑葚多糖的后续研发提供实验基础。     

响应面法优化茉莉花茶茶多糖提取工艺

本实验以茉莉花茶为供试材料,优化茶多糖的提取工艺,旨在提高茶多糖的提取率,为茶叶深加工提供理论依据。在单因素实验的基础上,利用Box-Benhnken的中心组合设计,选定温度、水料比和沉淀茶多糖时所用的乙醇浓度3个因素分别选3水平进行中心组合实验,通过响应面分析实验,拟合出数学模型:Y=6.55+1.30A+0.83B+1.10C-0.092AB+0.11AC+0.34BC-1.56A2-0.64B2-1.48C2。利用该函数关系来优化茶多糖提取条件,最终确定茶多糖的最佳浸提条件为:浸提温度100℃;水料比为26.8;乙醇浓度为90%。在该条件下茶多糖得量有所提高,且验证值为7.8610mg/g,比单因素最高提取率高25.6%,表明响应面法可有效用于茶多糖提取方法的优化。     

产粉红色素红曲霉M4菌株发酵培养基的优化

利用响应面法对红曲霉M4产粉红色红曲色素的发酵培养基进行了优化。研究了不同碳源、氮源对红曲霉M4产色素的影响,利用Central composite试验设计对碳源、氮源浓度进行了试验,得到红曲色素优化培养基回归方程为Y=31.80001+12.02669X1+0.698225X2-12.33755X12+1.75X1X2-0.337496X22经分析,确定出红曲色素的最佳发酵培养基碳、氮源浓度为:红薯粉10.37%,大豆蛋白0.85%,发酵后红曲色素最高色价为每毫升41 u。     

正交设计和动态过程优化两面针超声提取工艺

以总生物碱提取率为指标,先用正交试验优化两面针的超声提取工艺,再动态过程精选提取工艺。最佳工艺条件为:复合酶预处理后,以体积分数60%乙醇(盐酸5 g/L)超声(250 W)提取3次,第1次以10倍量溶剂提取15 min,第2次以4倍量溶剂提取12 min,第3次以3倍量溶剂提取9 min,总生物碱提取率87.80%。该工艺高效、节能、省时,为工业生产奠定了实验基础。     

绿色低共熔溶剂提取互叶白千层精油及成分分析

为探究绿色低共熔溶剂提取互叶白千层精油的最佳工艺,该研究采用四种提取工艺作对比,并在单因素实验的基础上结合响应面进行了工艺优化,利用气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）对四种工艺提取到的互叶白千层精油进行了比较分析。结果表明：（1）互叶白千层精油最佳提取工艺为干燥原料低共熔溶剂蒸馏,最优提取条件为氯化胆碱与1,3-丁二醇摩尔比1∶3、含水量52 mol、原料干燥时间9 h、料液比1∶5 g·mL^-1、蒸馏时间60 min,在此条件下所得提取率为4.06%,实验值与响应面模型的预测值有较好的拟合性,证实模型有效,提取率比新鲜原料水蒸气蒸馏、干燥原料水蒸气蒸馏和冻融原料水蒸气蒸馏分别提高了383.33%、290.38%和497.06%。（2）经四种工艺提取所得精油主要成分大致相同,但含量差距很大,主要有醇类和烯烃类物质。（3）干燥原料低共熔溶剂蒸馏的精油提取率和特征组分含量都高于其他工艺,包括醇类8种,烯烃类9种,其他化合物3种;主要成分为γ-松油烯、松油烯、α-蒎烯、α-松油醇、香树烯,其中烯烃类化合物相对含量最大,为45.31%;特征组分松油烯-4-醇含量为30.58%...     

黑豆皮中红色色素萃取工艺的响应面优化

利用逐因子试验和Box-Behnken试验对黑豆皮中红色色素萃取工艺进行了优化研究,获得了工艺优化的数学模型y=3.85+0.43x1+0.05x2-0.32x3-0.12x1x2+0.063x1x3+1.0E-0.02x2x3-0.58x12-0.49x22-0.34x32,分别对自变量求偏导得到优化工艺条件:x1=0.346,x2=0.006988,x3=-0.44,通过转换得到实际工艺条件,即萃取温度X1=83.46℃、萃取时间X2=30.07 m in、料液比X3=1:35.6(w/v)。在最优化条件下模型预测OD512为3.997,验证试验结果为3.85±0.01(n=3),试验证明,逐因子试验和Box-Behnken试验联用可以很好的应用于黑豆皮红色色素的萃取工艺中。     

响应面法优化金刷把多糖提取工艺

利用响应面法优化金刷把多糖的提取工艺。在单因素试验的基础上,选择提取温度、提取时间、料液比为自变量,以多糖提取率为响应值,进行Box-Benhnken中心组合实验设计,应用响应曲面分析方法优化提取条件,得到金刷把多糖最佳提取工艺条件如下:提取温度95℃,提取时间2.5 h,料液比1∶20 g/m L,此时金刷把多糖提取率的理论预测值为4.62%,最优条件下多糖得率的实验值为4.42%,与理论值的相对误差为4.3%。经过响应面法优化提取工艺,提高了提取率,适用于金刷把粗多糖的提取。     

二氧化碳超临界提取塔拉籽油及其品质分析

主要对超临界CO2流体提取技术从塔拉籽中提取塔拉籽油的工艺与方法进行优化和油分品质分析。采用3组平行单因素实验确定塔拉籽油的提取工艺条件,以塔拉籽油提取率为指标,在单因素实验的基础上研究提取时间,提取温度,提取压强对塔拉籽油提取率的影响,经分析确定最佳提取工艺条件为:提取时间120 min,提取温度45℃,提取压强35 MPa。通过3组重复实验验证单因素实验结果,表明在最佳提取条件下塔拉籽油的实际平均提取率为21.07%与单因素实验中的结果接近较为吻合,所得提取条件现实可靠。提取的塔拉籽油呈现出透明的淡黄色,为干性油脂,不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,表明该法提取塔拉籽油具有较高的营养价值和可利用价值。     

利用响应面分析法优化山楂中总黄酮提取条件

通过响应面分析法对山楂中总黄酮的提取工艺进行优化。利用响应面实验设计考察乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间、液固比四因素对总黄酮提取率的影响。用自编MATLAB程序对实验数据进行二次响应面分析。得出山楂总黄酮的最佳提取条件为:乙醇浓度66%、提取温度83℃、提取时间2 h、固液比19∶1,提取率为74.72%,与模型预测值基本相符。     

肺形侧耳发酵培养基优化及多糖提取工艺

通过碳源、氮源单因素实验和正交实验,对野生肺形侧耳进行发酵培养基优化。选取浸提时间、浸提温度及液料比3个因素,以胞内粗多糖提取率为指标,采用正交实验设计确定菌丝体胞内多糖提取的最佳工艺。结果表明,适宜肺形侧耳深层发酵的培养基为蔗糖1.5%,麸皮5%,蛋白胨0.6%,KH₂PO₄ 0.15%,MgSO₄ 0.75%,VB₁ 0.01%。胞内多糖提取的最佳工艺为浸提时间2h,液料比50:1,浸提温度90℃,此条件下多糖提取率为34.35%。     

海金沙草粗多糖提取工艺的响应面优化

为获得海金沙草粗多糖最佳提取工艺,利用Plackett-Burman试验对提取工艺进行了初步优化研究,根据PB设计主效应分析结果进行了爬陡坡试验进一步逼近优化区域,最后用Box-Behnken设计进行了响应面优化并获得了提取工艺多项式数学模型,即y=12.27-0.027x1-0.065x2-0.039x3-0.20x...     

Microencapsulation of alpha-tocopherol using sodium alginate and its controlled release properties

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize microencapsulation yield (MY) using three independent variables; the ratio of coating material to core material (w/w, X1), the emulsifier concentration (%, v/v, X2), and the CaCl2 concentration (%, w/v, X3). In the preparation of sodium alginate (SA) microcapsule, the regression model equation for the MY was predicted as follows; MY(%) = 56.02 + 3.64X2 + 3.18X1X2 - 3.74X2(2). The optimal conditions for the SA microcapsule were obtained at the [SA]/[alpha-TP] ratio of 6.6:3.4 (w/w), [emulsifier] of 1.35% (v/v), and [CaCl2] of 4.3% (w/v), and the predicted MY in this condition was of 57.2%. In vitro alpha-TP releasing test of the SA-based microcapsules was performed. The SA microcapsule released 28.8% of alpha-TP when exposed in the simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) for 24 h. In the simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 7.4), the amount of released alpha-TP (81.5%) was significantly greater than that in the SGF. The duration time required for releasing 50 (T50%) and 70% (T70%) of alpha-TP from the SA-microcapsule were calculated to be 3.8 and 12.3 h, respectively. From these results, it was suggested that SA microcapsule would be structurally resistant against acidic environment, and it would rapidly release core material under mild alkali condition.     

十二烷基硫酸钠协同微波-酶法提取布渣叶总黄酮

采用十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)协同微波-酶法提取布渣叶总黄酮,选取微波辐射时间(X1)、SDS质量分数(X2)、液固比(X3)、恒温水浴提取时间(X4)、酶解时间(X5)进行U15(54×3)混合水平均匀试验设计,利用偏最小二乘法(PLS)处理试验数据,建立数学模型,确定提取的最优条件并进行验证;另外,将优化后的提取结果与其他提取方法进行比较.研究结果表明:优化的提取条件为X1=1min、X2=0.16％、X3=30.75 mL/g、X4=50 min、X5=30 min.与其他提取方法相比,该法提取效率高,环保无污染,具有一定的应用价值.     

响应面分析法优化大蒜蒜氨酸提取工艺

以新鲜大蒜为原料,微波灭酶后,通过乙酸乙酯打浆除去大蒜中脂溶性成分,以蒸馏水为提取液,采用响应面法研究料液比、提取温度、提取时间对蒜氨酸提取率的影响。结果表明回归模型能较好的预测各因素与响应值之间的关系,所优化的最佳工艺为:料液比为1∶5,提取温度为32℃,提取时间为70 min。此时蒜氨酸的提取率为92.85±0.63%。     

Response surface methodology to supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis

Experimental design was used to investigate the effect of operating temperature (40-80 degrees C), operating pressure (30-50 MPa), and extraction time (1-4h) of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction on astaxanthin yields and the extract antioxidant activity (IC50). The ranges of the factors investigated were 40-80 degrees C for the operating temperature (X1), 30-50 MPa for the operating pressure (X2), and 1-4h for the extraction time (X3). The statistical analysis of the experiment indicated that pressure, extraction time, and the interaction between temperature and pressure (X1X2) had significant effect on astaxanthin yields. The central composite design showed that polynomial regression models were in good agreement with the experimental results with the coefficients of determination of 0.924 and 0.846 for astaxanthin yield and antioxidant activity, respectively. The optimal condition for astaxanthin yield within the experimental range of the variables studied was at 70 degrees C, 50 MPa, and 4h. At this condition, the predicted amount of astaxanthin extracted was 23.04 mg/g (2.3 wt% or 83.78% recovery). For the effect of experimental extraction conditions on antioxidant activity, IC50 was used as an index, which is the concentration that gives a 50% reduction in the absorbance of the ABTS free radical. The analysis of the results showed that the interaction between the operating temperature and operating pressure (X1X2) was the only significant factor affecting the extract antioxidant activity. The statistical model gave the minimum point for antioxidant activity at 67 degrees C, 40.3 MPa, and 1.86 h of extraction, at which the value for 1/IC50 was 0.39 l/mg (or IC50 was 2.57 mg/l).     

响应面法优化低温豆粕大豆分离蛋白提取工艺

采用响应面分析法(RSM)对低温豆粕大豆分离蛋白(soybean protein isolated,SPI)的碱提工艺进行优化。在单因素实验的基础上,选取了影响SPI提取率的4个关键因素(pH、温度、时间和液料比)进行四因素五水平的中心组合旋转实验设计(CCRD)。通过RSM建立了响应值(SPI提取率)与各影响因素之间的回归方程,并获得了SPI的最优提取条件:pH 8.5,提取温度55℃,提取时间42.8 min,料水比1∶9.7(g/mL),此条件下SPI提取率预测值为37.12%,与实验值(36.69%)的误差为1.16%。将一次碱提后残渣进行二次碱提,二次提取率为10.16%。2次碱提上清液等电点沉淀的蛋白沉淀率分别为84.03%和85.84%。     

Radical scavenging potential of phenolics from Bryophyllum pinnatum (LAM.) OKEN

Optimization of the extraction process of phenolics from Bryophyllum pinnatum was carried out using response-surface methodology (RSM). The effect of different variables such as ratio of solvents, plant material/solvent ratio, extraction time, and temperature were investigated. An optimal phenolics yield of 7.952 mg/g gallic acid equivalence (GAE) was achieved at reduced levels of methanol/water ratio (1:1, v/v). During optimization, the product yield was enhanced by ～2-fold at reduced extraction solvent (methanol/water) up to 37%. Validation of the RSM model for extraction of total phenolic content (TPC) was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The obtained experimental values were in good agreement with the predicted values, thereby indicating the appropriateness of the model generated. Phenolic extracts from B. pinnatum were further examined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) methods for determining the radical scavenging activities. EC(50) values of B. pinnatum extracts (BPEs) obtained by these methods were in accordance with the amount of phenolics present in the extract. Significant correlation was found between total phenolic content and antioxidant activities (p < 0.05).     

Binding and second messengers of prostaglandins F2 alpha and E1 in primary cultures of rabbit endometrial cells

Several factors and hormones are thought to play a role in the growth control of endometrial cells. We have shown that prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) is a growth factor for primary cultures of rabbit endometrial cells grown in serum-free, chemically defined medium and that prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) antagonizes the PGF2 alpha induction of growth (Orlicky et al., 1986). [3H]PGF2 alpha binds to whole cells in a time (optimal approximately 30 min)- and temperature-dependent (optimal 37 degrees C), disassociable (90% disassociable within 30 min), saturable (Kd1 = 4.9 X 10(-8) M, n1 = 1.2 X 10(5) molecules/cell; Kd2 = 2.6 X 10(-7) M, n2 = 3.0 X 10(5) molecules/cell), and specific manner. [3H]PGE1 binds in a time-dependent (optimal 25 min), disassociable (90% disassociable within 10 min), saturable (Kd = 6.4 X 10(-8) M, n = 1.2 X 10(5) molecules/cell), and specific manner. This specific binding of [3H]PGF2 alpha and [3H]PGE1 is down-regulatable by prior treatment of the cultures with unlabeled ligand, and up-regulatable by prior treatment of the cultures with indomethacin to inhibit endogenous PG synthesis. Proteolytic enzyme treatment for 2 min reduces the specific binding of PGF2 alpha by 75%. PGE1 stimulates intracellular cAMP synthesis and accumulation in a time (optimal 10 min)- and concentration (half-maximal stimulation at 10(-6) M)-dependent manner but has no effect on intracellular cGMP. PGF2 alpha has no effect on either intracellular cAMP or cGMP in this system. We describe here for the first time the analysis at a biochemical level of the interaction between two prostaglandins, antagonistic to each other in terms of growth regulation.     

欧美杨杂交种'中嘉8'净光合速率与若干生态因子的相关分析

本文利用DPS数据处理系统,采用多元逐步回归及通径分析方法,得出欧美杨杂交种‘中嘉8’(Populusdeltoides CL.‘Zhongjia 8’)在6月和9月净光合速率与生态因子的关系。结果表明,‘中嘉8’在6月晴天净光合速率呈单峰曲线,其最主要影响因子为光合有效辐射PAR(X1),二者极显著相关,净光合速率日变化最优方程为:Y=17.8271 0.0108X1-0.2185X2;9月晴天净光合速率呈双峰曲线,影响光合速率日变化的最主要因子为空气CO2浓度Ca(X4),净光合速率日变化最优方程为:Y=5.2915-0.0030X1 0.3414X3-0.0216X4。统计分析表明,采用多元逐步回归及通径分析应用于统计光合速率与生态因子的相关关系,较二元变量的相关分析更为科学合理。