雨堡组织培养的研究

取雨堡当年生的枝条上饱满的未萌发的侧芽为外植体,培养于ＭＳ培养基上,其中附加各种不同种类及浓度的激素。在附加６—ＢＡ１．０ｍｇ／ｌ的ＭＳ培养基上,诱导芽的效果最好;在附加６—ＢＡ１．０＋ＮＡＡ０．０５＋ＺＴ０．１ｍｇ／ｌ的ＭＳ培养基上,芽的增殖效果最佳;在附加ＫＴ０．３＋ＮＡＡ０．０５＋ＺＴ０．１ｍｇ／ｌ或６—ＢＡ０．３＋ＮＡＡ０．０５＋ＺＴ０．１ｍｇ／ｌ的ＭＳ培养基上,最有利于壮苗;在１／２ＭＳ培养基中,附加ＩＢＡ０．５＋ＮＡＡ０．３ｍｌ／ｌ或ＩＡＡ０．５＋ＮＡＡ０．３ｍｇ／ｌ的培养基中,生根效果最佳。试管苗高２—３ｃｍ,且具有４—８条短根时,开瓶煅炼３—５天,移入培养土中生长的效果好,种植在保温保湿环境中,试管苗成活率高。     

金红花的组织培养快速繁殖研究

金红花顶芽或腋芽培养在ＭＳ基本培养基中。研究植物激素及培养基的物理性质对器官形成的影响。试验结果表明：芽增殖培养基以附加ＢＡ１．０ｍｇ／ｌ和ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／ｌ为好。生根培养基为１／２ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０．１ｍｇ／１。糊状培养基有利于苗的生长,试管有根苗和无根苗移栽均获得高的成活率。     

荷兰鸢尾(Iris xiphium L. var. hybridum)的组织培养

取荷兰鸢尾（ＩｒｉｓｘｉｐｈｉｕｍＬ．ｖａｒ．ｈｙｂｒｉｄｕｍ）鳞茎片不同部位外植体块,接种于附加不同激素配比的基本培养基上,其中取自鳞茎片基部外植体块２ｍｍ×２ｍｍ×２ｍｍ,培养基为ＭＳ＋ＢＡ１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ的不定芽诱导率为最高（７０％）;最理想的增殖培养基为ＭＳ＋ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ。不定芽直径４～５ｍｍ,培养基为ＭＳ＋ＢＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ有利于不定根的发生,诱导生根率达８３３％。试管苗不经练苗可直接出瓶,移栽于泥炭∶田土∶河沙＝１∶１∶１（Ｖ／Ｖ）的基质中。     

刺槐宽叶和四倍体无性系的组织培养

１植物名称刺槐（Ｒｏｂｉｎｉａｐｓｅｕｄｏａｃａｃｉａ）优良无性系：Ｔｅｔｒａｐｌｏｉｄｌｏｃｕｓｔ、Ｇｌｇａｓｔｙｐｅｌｏｃｕｓｔ。２材料类别带腋芽的茎段。３培养条件（１）启动培养基：ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ０．２５ｍｇ·Ｌ－１（单位下同）＋ＮＡＡ０．０５。（２）分化培养基和继代培养基：ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ０．５＋ＮＡＡ０．１＋ＡｇＮＯ３１０,ＭＳ＋６ＢＡ０．５＋ＮＡＡ０．１。上述培养基均添加３％蔗糖、０．６％琼脂。（３）生根培养基：１／２ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ０．２＋ＮＡＡ０．２,添加２％蔗糖０．６％琼脂。培养基ｐＨ…     

蝴蝶兰根段的组织培养

１　植物名称　蝴蝶兰（ＰｈａｌａｅｎｏｐｓｉｓＭｅｌｌｅｒＧｏｌｄ“ＮＦＳ”）。２　材料类别　根段。３　培养条件　（１）愈伤组织的诱导及分化培养基：Ｂ５＋ＮＡＡ１．５ｍｇ·Ｌ－１（单位下同）＋ＫＴ０．２＋ＣＭ１５０ｍｌ·Ｌ－１＋３％蔗糖;（２）原球茎增殖培养基：Ｂ５＋ＧＡ０．０５＋ＣＨ１２０＋３％蔗糖;（３）小苗生长培养基：１／２ＭＳ＋２０％香蕉泥＋２％蔗糖;（４）诱导生根培养基：１／２ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ０．３＋２％蔗糖。上述培养基均加０．２％活性炭,０．５８％琼脂粉,ｐＨ为５．５;培养基在１２１℃高…     

圆柏组织培养繁殖研究

用５年生圆柏幼嫩茎段为外植体,研究植物生长调节剂对试管苗的调控作用及增殖效果。结果表明：在１／２ＭＳ＋ＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＢＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上,试管苗分化率为９５．０％,生长发育良好。在ＭＳ｜ＢＡ１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上,增殖效果较好。     

玉香梨的组织培养与快速繁殖

１植物名称沙梨品种玉香梨（Ｐｙｒｕｓｐｙｒｉｆｏｌｉａ　ｃｖ．　ｙｕｘｉａｎｇ）。２材料类别侧芽。３培养条件（１）丛芽诱导培养基：１／２ＭＳ大量元素＋ＭＳ微量元素＋铁盐＋有机成分＋６－ＢＡ２ｍｇ·Ｌ－１（单位下同）＋ＮＡＡ０．２＋ＧＡ３２＋３％蔗糖＋０．８％琼脂,固体培养;（２）增殖培养基：１／２ＭＳ＋ＢＡ１．５＋ＮＡＡ０．２＋ＧＡ３１＋３％蔗糖＋０．８％琼脂,固体培养;（３）生根培养基：１／２ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ１０＋１．５％蔗糖＋０．６％琼脂,固体培养８ｄ后转入不含任何激素的同类培养基中的二步生根法…     

芥蓝的组织培养和快速繁殖

１植物名称芥蓝（Ｂｒａｓｓｉｃａａｌｂｏｇｌａｂｒａ）优良种株,取自广东汕头白沙蔬菜原种研究所。２材料类别未开花的植株基部腋芽。３培养条件（１）诱导丛生芽培养基为Ｍ１：ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ２ｍｇ·Ｌ‘（单位下同）＋ＮＡＡ０．２;Ｍ２：ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ１＋ＮＡＡ０．１;Ｍ３：ＭＳ＋６．ＢＡ１＋ＮＡＡ０．２。上述培养基均含蔗糖３％,琼脂０．８％,ｐＨ５．８～６．０。（２）生根培养基：ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０．５＋２％蔗糖＋０．４５％卡拉胶（０．７％琼脂）。培养温度２０～２５℃,光照１２ｈ．ｄ－１,光照度２０００１ｘ４…     

墨兰及其杂种的组织培养与快速繁殖

针对墨兰及其杂种常规分株繁殖慢、种子在自然状况下极难萌发的情况,以仙殿白墨及其它与象牙白、西藏虎头兰杂交所得的杂种的胚,仙殿白墨与其杂种Ｆ１代的茎尖、花芽、幼叶、根进行离体培养。结果表明,胚培养以１／２ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋１０％椰子汁培养基萌发效果较好,发育到一定时期的早期胚即能萌发;茎尖、花芽培养在ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ０５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋０５％活性炭培养基上诱导原球茎比较适合,根与幼叶离体培养未诱导出原球茎;根状茎增殖在以花宝一号、花宝二号、蛋白胨等为主要原料并附加０５％活性炭的自制Ｇ３培养基上长得粗壮且繁殖速度快;根状茎出芽诱导在Ｂ５＋６－ＢＡ２～３ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋０５％活性炭培养基上效果最好;生根壮苗以１／２ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ２０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋１０％苹果汁＋１０％香蕉汁＋１０％活性炭培养基能达到较理想的效果;蔗糖浓度生根培养时以２％较佳,其它培养以３％较好。仙殿白墨杂交种的胚萌发率比仙殿白墨略低,萌发期略长;但其花芽与茎尖的原球茎诱导、根状体增殖、根状茎出芽、生根壮苗培养、生长势、抗逆性等方面均具有杂种优势。     

裂叶攀树芋的组织培养

１植物名称裂叶攀树芋（Ｐｈｉｌｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎｓｅｌｌ－ｏｕｍ）,又名春羽。小天使蔓绿绒。２材料类别嫩茎基部。３培养条件ＭＳ为基本培养基。（１）丛生芽诱导培养基：ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ３ｍｇ·Ｌ~（－１）（单位下同）＋ＮＡＡ０．１;（２）继代增殖培养基：ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ２＋ＮＡＡ０．２;（３）生根培养基：ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０．５。培养基中蔗糖为３％,琼脂为０．７％,ｐＨ５．８,温度２５～２８℃。每天光照１２ｈ,光照度１０００～１５００ｌＸ。４生长与分化情况４．１无菌材料的获得将外植体用自来水洗净表面,然后用７０…     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism