肯氏相思^60Co—γ辐照诱变研究

采用不同剂量（３０００，５０００，７０００Ｒａｄ）＾６０Ｃｏ－γ辐照肯氏相思种子，选育出诱变优株（Ｍ１），以Ｍ１的种子（Ｍ２）扩种试验，观测Ｍ１和Ｍ２代的形态，物候，并测定过氧化物酶同功酶带谱，酶活性，蛋白质含量，结果表明，各处理的优株与对照都存在差异。在相同生态条件下，Ｍ１代林木生长量和Ｍ２代地上部生物量分别高于对照１１．４８％￣２１．６４％和１４．６２％￣７３．８９％，以５０００Ｒａｄ辐照剂量     

碱性脂肪酶产生菌扩展青霉W—1382的诱变育种

以扩展青毒（Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｕｍｅｘｐａｎｓｕｍ）Ｓ－１４作为出发菌株,分别比较ＵＶ、Ｃｏ６０－γ射线、ＮＴＧ单因子的诱变效应和以ＮＴＧ、Ｃｏ６０－γ射线、ＵＶ＋ＮＴＧ作为诱变剂及自然分离在内四代的诱变育种。单因子诱变剂最适剂量分别为ＵＶ１５０ｓ,Ｃｏ６０－γ射线４８０００ｒａｄ,ＮＴＧ３００μｇ／ｍｌ８０ｍｉｎ,比较诱变效果表明：ＮＴＧ最佳,Ｃｏ６０－γ射线次之,ＵＶ较差;连续三代诱变各代诱变剂及剂量分别为ＮＴＧ３００μｇ／ｍｌ１００ｍｉｎ,Ｃｏ６０－γ射线２００００ｒａｄ,ＵＶ３０ｓ＋ＮＴＧ１５０μｇ／ｍｌ,４０ｍｉｎ。复合处理比单因子处理效果好。实验中选育成功高产酶变株Ｗ－１３８２,结合自然分离和诱变育种,其酶活力较出发菌株提高了５３．６％。     

提高辐射诱变育种效果及辐射遗传效应的研究──Ⅰ提高水稻辐射诱变效率的研究

６０Ｃｏ—γ辐射与杂交相结合,６０Ｃｏ—γ射线处理分别与Ａｒ＋、ＣＯ２、远红外激光处理相结合以及在总照射量一定的条件下,根据不同的育种目标选择适宜的照射量率,均有提高水稻诱变效果的作用。     

利用花粉辐射诱发普通小麦与大赖草染色体易位的研究

将小麦－大赖草Ｌｒ．２和Ｌｒ．１４染色体二体异附加系９４Ｇ１５和９４Ｇ４５即将成熟花粉经＾６０Ｃｏ－γ射线辐射处理,然后分别给普通小麦品种扬麦５号和绵阳１１授粉。辐射Ｍ１的ＰＭＣ ＭＩ期染色体Ｇｉｅｍｓａ Ｃ－分带和基因组ＤＮＡ荧光原位杂交处理后进行染色体配对分析,从１７株Ｍ１单株中筛选到５株ＰＭＣ ＭＩ期大赖草染色体与小麦配对的个体。根据这５株单株自交Ｍ２种子根尖细胞有丝分裂中期染色体Ｃ－分带和     

^60Co—γ射线NaN3复合处理对珍汕97A的诱变效应

以珍汕９７Ａ为材料,通过不同剂量的＾６０Ｃｏ－γ射线和ＮａＮ３药剂对珍汕９７Ａ进行复合处理,分析研究它们的诱变效应。结果表明,随着辐射剂量的增加,Ｍ１群体中的育性恢复突变率有所下降,而分离出不育株的Ｍ２株系占育性恢复突变Ｍ１株系的比例逐渐增加;与珍汕９７Ａ相比,Ｍ２分离出的不育株有的仅发生农艺性状的变异,有的则在不育性的表达和农艺性状上均发生变异;与珍汕９７Ｂ相比,育性恢复的Ｍ２群体部分农艺性状发     

三种类型辐射对质粒超螺旋DNA损伤的研究

用ａｇａｒｏｓｅ电泳和图象处理技术比较了６０Ｃｏγ射线、ＵＶ及低能Ｎ＋离子处理ｐＵＣ１９ＤＮＡ超螺旋结构的损伤效应及若干自由基清除剂的保护效应。结果表明：（１）γ射线和ＵＶ照射干燥ＤＮＡ的损伤显著低于水溶液样品;（２）Ｎ＋离子注入后超螺旋ＤＮＡ的减少（ＳＣ％）与剂量呈良好线性关系,而γ射线和ＵＶ组的ＳＣ％随剂量升高呈指数下降;（３）干燥ＤＮＡγ辐照组的Ｄ３７值为８２０Ｇｙ,ＳＣ完全消失的剂量ＬＤ为３８１４Ｇｙ,ＬＤ／Ｄ３７＝４．６５;ＵＶ照射组的相应值分别为：１．６５Ｊ／ｃｍ２,７．６５Ｊ／ｃｍ２,４．６４;Ｎ＋离子组的相应值为：３．２×１０１５Ｎ＋／ｃｍ２,５．０×１０１５Ｎ＋／ｃｍ２和１．５６。虽然上述三种辐射的剂量单位不同,不能直接比较其相对生物学效应,但从ＬＤ与Ｄ３７的比值可反映ＤＮＡＳＣ破坏的程度和终点剂量（ＳＣ％＝０）的大小。从而看出,Ｎ＋离子（高ＬＥＴ辐射）比γ射线（低ＬＥＴ辐射）ＵＶ（非电离辐射）对ＤＮＡ损伤作用更强;（４）乙醇、甘露醇等自由基清除剂对电离辐射损伤有很强的保护作用,但对ＵＶ损伤未见明显的保护效应     

^60Coγ射线对不同细胞形态出芽短梗霉的辐射诱变效应

使用＾６０Ｃｏγ射线辐照诱变的方法处理出芽短梗霉ＡｕｒｅｏｂａｓｉｄｉｕｍｐｕｌｌｕｌａｎｓＡＰ９２菌株的原生质体,菌丝体片段,分生孢子悬液,经初筛,复筛与对突变株的遗传稳定性研究,发现采用原生质体进行诱变,所获突变株的正突变率,单株产多糖的提高幅度,正突变株的产多糖遗传稳定性均明显高于菌丝体与分生孢子,比较出发菌株ＡＰ９２与经原生质体诱变获得的正突变株Ａ８１的性能,有如下明显改善,产多糖能力从１     

~（60）Coγ射线照射烟草花药获得抗黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）的突变体植株

取小孢子处于单核靠边期的烟草８６１１、Ｋ３２６、ＮＣ８９花蕾,经４℃预处理４８小时后用不同剂量的￣（６０）ＣＯγ射线辐射,将花药接种于Ｈ培养基中诱导出单倍体植株,并经壮苗培养,移栽成活后,在幼苗新叶上摩擦接种黄瓜花叶病毒病（ＣＭＶ）汁液,经过９２天的选择、淘汰,分别在ＮＣ８９、８６１１植株群体中筛选得到了各２株、１株抗ＣＭＶ的突变体植株。     

离子注入加速棉花陆海杂种农艺性状遗传稳定性的研究

利用３０ＫｅＶ的Ｎ＾＋离子束注入陆地棉和海岛棉的花粉及杂交Ｆ１种子,分析了杂种后代农艺性状遗传稳定性的变化。结果表明：Ｎ＾＋离子辐照能显著地加速杂种后代的遗传稳定性,Ｆ４Ｍ４代性状稳定度可达９０％左右。Ｆ１种子辐照后代农艺性状多偏向陆地棉,而且花粉辐照杂交后代农艺性状表现出偏母遗传。同时以＾６０Ｃｏγ射线效应为对照,初步探讨了Ｎ＾＋离主入加速遗传稳定的机制。     

低能离子束及γ辐照对小菜蛾颗粒体病毒的影响及剂量效应关系的拟合分析

本文比较了Ｎ＾＋离子注入和＾６０Ｃｏγ射线对ＰｘＧＶ感染活性的影响,并用多种辐射生物学模型拟合,分析了它们的剂量效应关系。结果表明：在中高剂量区,ＰｘＧＶ感染率的剂产关系遵循指数失活规律,而在更宽的剂量段内,曲线则呈特有的“马鞍型”。用多种数学模型对实验数据进行计算机拟合,发现ＥＭＣ模型和三次项方程能较好拟合上述曲线。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.