人血小板生成素的研究进展

血小板生成素是新近发现的一个非常重要的造血调控因子。经过40多年的不懈努力,基本上阐明了血小板生成素及其受体系统（TPO/c-Mpl)在造血调控方面的作用。并在此基础上,研制了重组血小板生成素,以治疗放疗和化疗引发的血小板减少症,本综述了近年TPO及其受体c-Mpl系统对造血调控的研究进展,涉及TPO和c-Mpl的基因和蛋白分子结构。基因表达调控、可能经历的信号传导途径、TPO/c-Mpl系统主要的生理作用、TPO在血液循环中的代谢过程以及目前重组血小板生成素的临床研究现状等六个方面。深入理解TPO/c-Mpl系统的结构和作用。将加深人们对机体的造血调控和血液病的认识,并将有助于相关疾病的临床治疗。     

血小板生成素及其研究进展

血小板生成素(TPO)是最近被描述的一种新型细胞因子,相对分子质量在35×10³以上,是一种糖蛋白.人和鼠TPO成熟蛋白分别由332和335个氨基酸残基组成.TPO的受体与造血生长因子受体超家族成员c-Mpl相关.TPO不仅对巨核系祖细胞的增殖、分化具有明显的调控作用,而巨对血小板的生成同样具有促进作用.     

血小板生成素的研究进展

自１９９４年ＤｅＳａｕｖａｇｅ等克隆出了人的血小板生成素（ＴＰＯ）的ＣＤＮＡ后,对ＴＰＯ的结构与功能的研究有了突破性的进展。本综述了近几年对ＴＰＯ研究的最新献,较系统地介绍了ＴＰＯ基本结构、ＣＤＮＡ、ＴＯＰ受体的基因结构特征和ＴＰＯ基因的染色体定位及生物学作用。     

血小板生成素

血小板是止血的一个必要成分。它是由骨髓和脾脏的多功能干细胞分化的巨核细胞（ｍｅｇａｋａｒｙｏｃｙｔｅ,ＭＫ）产生的。通常患癌症接受化疗或骨髓移植的病人的血小板水平恢复非常缓慢,会有因大出血而死亡的危险。因此,寻找可以加速血小板再生的血细胞生长因子就显...     

血小板生成素及其临床应用前景

本文对血小板生成素的研究历史、基因组结构、分子特征、检测方法进行了综述,分析了血小板生成素在动物模型和人的Ⅰ期应用的效果,预测了临床应用前景。     

血小板生成素基因治疗血小板减少症的研究

血小板生成素 (TPO)有望成为特异性治疗血小板减少症的理想药物 .对TPOcDNA离体细胞表达和基因治疗血小板减少症进行了初步尝试 :构建了pcDNA3 TPO高表达质粒 ,基因转移离体细胞 ,检测表达产物rhTPO具有完整的生物学活性 ;pcDNA3 TPO分别注射正常小鼠和血小板减少症小鼠 ,小鼠血浆中检测到rhTPO的表达 ,并且正常小鼠血小板水平上升至 1 .9倍 ,血小板减少症小鼠血小板降低的幅度减小、恢复的速度加快并达到原来值的 1 .8～ 2 .0倍 .该结果为TPO基因治疗血小板减少症提供了实验依据 .     

促血小板生成素受体——原癌基因c—Mpl蛋白的研究进展

促血小板生成素(TPO)专一性促进巨核细胞的生长发育和血小板的生成,其生物学功能由其受体c-Mpl介导。c-Mpl的发现源于其同源对应物v-Mpl的克隆。c-Mpl是位于造血干细胞、巨核细胞、血小板表面的跨膜蛋白。其表达专一而保守。c-Mpl属于造血因子受体超家族,保守的造血功能区决定结合TPO的能力,其膜内结构具有一些与传导细胞生长、增殖和分化信号相关的保守结构。TPO的信号传导途径涉及c-Mpl自身及部分相关蛋白的磷酸化,除了Jak-STAT途径和Ras途径外,TPO可能还激活其他与c-Cbl有关的途径。     

血小板、红细胞生成素双功能融合蛋白的构建

为探索TPO- EPO融合蛋白在肿瘤化疗中作为辅助治疗药物 ,同时纠正红细胞贫血和血小板减少症的可能性 ,首先通过PCR分别扩增了TPON -端 1 5 3肽和EPO成熟肽的编码cDNA ,并构建成功TPO -EPO融合基因 .融合基因在COS- 7细胞和CHO细胞中的表达产物能够维持TPO依赖株Ba/F3 mpl细胞和EPO依赖株Bet -2细胞的生长 ,能够在半固体培养体系中刺激巨核系集落和红系集落的形成 ,表明它同时具有TPO和EPO的生物活性 .初步体内实验表明 ,含有融合蛋白的培养上清可以使小鼠血小板数目升高 40 % ,对红细胞的作用有待进一步确定 .以上结果初步表明融合蛋白构建成功 ,为进一步探讨融合蛋白的体内活性和应用前景打下了基础 .     

血小板生成素及其临床应用前景

本文对血小板生成素的研究历史、基因组结构、分子生特、检测方法进行了综述,分析了血小板生成素在动物模型和人的Ⅰ期应用的效果,预测了临床应用前景。     

油菜素内脂信号转导研究进展（综述）

介绍油菜素内酯（BR）信号转导研究的分子生物学方法及其应用,以及BR调节基因表达的机理;综述BR信号转导机制的研究进展。     

Phosphorylation of myelin proteins: Recent advances

Since it was first described 25 years ago, phosphorylation has come to be recognized as a widespread and dynamic post-translational modification of myelin protein. In this review, the phosphorylation characteristics of myelin basic protein, protein zero (P₀), myelin-associated glycoprotein and 2′3′ cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase are summarized. Emphasis is placed on recent advances in our knowledge concerning the protein kinases involved and the sites, of phosphorylation in the amino acid sequences, where known. The possible roles of myelin protein phosphorylation in modulating myelin structure, the process of myelin assembly and mediation of signal transduction events are discussed. Special issue dedicated to Dr. Marion E. Smith.     

Recent advances in class IIa histone deacetylases research

Epigenetic control plays an important role in gene regulation through chemical modifications of DNA and post-translational modifications of histones. An essential post-translational modification is the histone acetylation/deacetylation-process which is regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). The mammalian zinc dependent HDAC family is subdivided into three classes: class I (HDACs 1-3, 8), class II (IIa: HDACs 4, 5, 7, 9; IIb: HDACs 6, 10) and class IV (HDAC 11). In this review, recent studies on the biological role and regulation of class IIa HDACs as well as their contribution in neurodegenerative diseases, immune disorders and cancer will be presented. Furthermore, the development, synthesis, and future perspectives of selective class IIa inhibitors will be highlighted.     

Recent advances in metastasis research

Advances in the early prediction, detection, and treatment of metastatic disease has improved the outlook in cancer patients in recent decades, however, metastasis remains the major cause of death in affected individuals. Metastasis occurs in a series of discreet biological steps in which a single, frequently clinically occult micrometastatic cell travels from the primary tumor to a distant location, where it lodges, grows, and ultimately results in the patient's death. Recent work has provided many new insights in the mechanisms and biology behind metastatic spread. This short review surveys some of the most important recent developments that have helped increase our understanding of the three broad phases of metastasis - the genesis of the metastatic cell through the loss of local constraints in the primary tumor microenvironment, dissemination of the cell to a distant organ while avoiding immune surveillance, and finally lodging and growth of the overt metastasis. These studies are providing mounting evidence that the interactions between tumor and normal cells and tissues are critical for disease progression - a paradigm that will provide a fertile area for future research.     

Recent advances in shoulder research

Shoulder pathology is a growing concern for the aging population, athletes, and laborers. Shoulder osteoarthritis and rotator cuff disease represent the two most common disorders of the shoulder leading to pain, disability, and degeneration. While research in cartilage regeneration has not yet been translated clinically, the field of shoulder arthroplasty has advanced to the point that joint replacement is an excellent and viable option for a number of pathologic conditions in the shoulder. Rotator cuff disease has been a significant focus of research activity in recent years, as clinicians face the challenge of poor tendon healing and irreversible changes associated with rotator cuff arthropathy. Future treatment modalities involving biologics and tissue engineering hold further promise to improve outcomes for patients suffering from shoulder pathologies.