根癌农杆菌介导的虎杖茎尖转化研究

为了建立根癌农杆菌介导的虎杖茎尖遗传转化体系,以虎杖的茎尖为转化受体,研究了携带白藜芦醇合酶基因(PcRS)的根癌农杆菌载体介导的虎杖遗传转化若干因素对转化效果的影响。结果显示,较适宜的转化系统为预培养2 d,农杆菌菌液(OD600值为0.6)侵染10 min,共培养3 d,在含8 mg/L潮霉素的培养基上诱导不定芽。利用该体系从300块茎尖外植体中共转化获得15株抗性再生植株,经PCR和Southern杂交检测,有6株虎杖的基因组中已整合进了目的基因。     

诱导根癌土壤杆菌vir区基因表达信号分子的构效研究

以根癌土壤杆菌为介导的外源基因转化系统是目前应用最为广泛和有效的植物基因转化系统。根癌土壤杆菌D质粒毒性区。irA、virB、。irC、。irD。。irE、。irG6个基因位点,在外源诱导性信号分子的作用下,表达出转移DNA（T－DNA）复合物,整合人植物细胞核基因组中。利用根癌土壤杆菌这种天然的转化机制,已获得双子叶转基因植株。但单子叶植物难以被根癌土壤杆菌转化,某些研究者认为这是由于单子叶植物缺乏促使根癌土壤杆菌产生趋化运动以及诱导。ir区基因表达的信号分子［‘」。我们从幼穗分化期至抽穗扬花期水稻中分离获得2种高效…     

抗菌肽基因转化大白菜获得抗病转基因植株及稳定遗传

软腐病是大白菜 (BrassicapekinensisRupr.)的三大病害之一。抗菌肽对软腐病菌有很强的杀伤作用。建立了根癌土壤杆菌 (Agrobacteriumtumefaciens)EHA10 5 (pMOG4 10 )工程菌的高频转化载体系统 ,将抗菌肽基因导入目前推广种植的大白菜AB_81自交系 ,获得了转基因植株。PCR及Southernblotting分子杂交鉴定表明抗菌肽基因已整合到白菜基因组。转基因植株提取液的体外抑菌实验、试管苗及盆栽转基因植株的病原菌接种抗病测试结果表明转基因植株具有明显的抗病特性 ,并且能稳定遗传 ,转基因植株R1自交分离比为 3∶1,R5的转基因植株保持抗Km和抗病特性 ,可望以其为亲本选育出大白菜抗软腐病的新品种。     

抗菌肽基因转化大白菜获得抗病转基因植株及稳定遗传

软腐病是大白菜( Brassica pekinensis Rupr.)的三大病害之一.抗菌肽对软腐病菌有很强的杀伤作用.建立了根癌土壤杆菌( Agrobacterium tumefaciens ) EHA105(pMOG410)工程菌的高频转化载体系统,将抗菌肽基因导入目前推广种植的大白菜AB-81自交系,获得了转基因植株.PCR及 Southern blotting分子杂交鉴定表明抗菌肽基因已整合到白菜基因组.转基因植株提取液的体外抑菌实验、试管苗及盆栽转基因植株的病原菌接种抗病测试结果表明转基因植株具有明显的抗病特性,并且能稳定遗传,转基因植株R1自交分离比为3∶1,R5的转基因植株保持抗Km和抗病特性,可望以其为亲本选育出大白菜抗软腐病的新品种.     

利用根癌农杆菌和基因枪法转化获得转抗虫融合蛋白基因（Bt—CpTI）甘蓝植株

以下胚轴,带柄子叶和茎尖为外植体,利用根癌农杆菌和基因枪法将抗虫融合蛋白基因（Bt-CpTI)导入甘蓝品种“中甘8号”,得到了13株卡那霉素抗性植株,经PCR扩增反应和Southern blot分子验证表明;农杆菌介导转化下胚轴和带柄子叶来源的Ⅰ型抗性植株均为转基因植株,而农杆菌介导转化茎尖外植体得到的Ⅱ型抗性植株属“假阳性”植株,基因枪介导转化茎尖的2株Ⅲ型植株中,有1株是非转基因植株,经胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性分析和抗虫测试证明,部分转基因植株有较高的胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性和抗菜青虫能力。     

由根癌农杆菌介导向毛白杨导入激素合成基因建立遗传转化系统

用携带基因1,2的根癌农杆菌AG(84)转化毛白杨外植体,在无激素的MS0培养基上获得转化根。分离单根或切成根段在分化培养基上能分化芽而再生完整植株。由T－DNA上带有基因4的根癌农杆菌C58C1（PBZ6111）转化毛白杨外植体,在MS0培养基上能直接分化不定芽而再生植株．在转化中使用叶柄作外植体比使用叶片的转化率提高一倍以上。基因1,2引入毛白杨后,植株根系发达,生根率达100％。基因4引入毛白杨则使植株节间变短,植株矮化．纸电泳分析表明,带有基因1,2的转化植株能表达特异的农杆碱,带有基因4的转化植株能表达特异的胭脂碱。     

两种质粒中gus基因在植物细胞和根癌农杆菌中的表达特性研究

以含有基因转化操作过程中常用的两种质粒载体pBI121和pCAMBIA2301的根癌农杆菌EHA105为材料,分别转化甜瓜子叶,应用组织化学方法检测了甜瓜子叶和子叶培养后的愈伤组织及根癌农杆菌菌液的瞬时转化效果,研究了两种不同的质粒载体上所含的gus基因在根癌农杆菌中和植物细胞中的表达特性.结果表明,不同质粒载体上所含的gus基因的表达特性不同,质粒载体pBI121上所含的gus基因既能在植物细胞中能表达,也能在根癌农杆菌细胞中表达,而质粒载体pCAMBIA2301上所含的gus基因能在植物细胞中表达,但是不能在根癌农杆菌细胞中表达.     

利用根癌农杆菌和基因枪法转化获得转抗虫融合蛋白基因(Bt-CpTI)甘蓝植株

以下胚轴、带柄子叶和茎尖为外植体,利用根癌农杆菌和基因枪法将抗虫融合蛋白基因(Bt-CpTI)导人甘蓝品种“中甘8号”,得到了13株卡那霉素抗性植株。经PCR扩增反应和Southern blot分子验证表明:农杆菌介导转化下胚轴和带柄子叶来源的Ⅰ型抗性植株均为转基因植株,而农杆菌介导转化茎尖外植体得到的Ⅱ型抗性植株属“假阳性”植株,基因枪介导转化茎尖的2株Ⅲ型植株中,有1株是非转基因植株。经胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性分析和抗虫测试证明,部分转基因植株有较高的胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性和抗菜青虫能力。     

中国樱桃品种"对樱"再生体系的优化和转基因初探

优化了中国樱桃品种"对樱"不定根离体再生体系,用农杆菌介导法,将抗菌肽B基因导入"对樱",通过抗性筛选获得了44株抗性转化植株.PCR检测有9株为阳性,初步说明抗菌肽基因已整合到"对樱"基因组中.     

影响农杆菌介导的大豆子叶节遗传转化的因素

利用携带pCAMBIA1301质粒（含hpt和gus基因）的超毒根癌农杆菌菌株EHA105对大豆子叶节外植体进行遗传转化,研究了影响农杆菌介导的大豆子叶节遗传转化的因素。研究结果表明．农杆菌侵染液和共培养培养基中添加200μmok/L乙酰丁香酮和50mg／L抗坏血酸可以有效促进农杆菌对大豆子叶节的转化。农杆菌与子叶节共培养后羧苄青霉素（250mr／L）和头孢霉素（100mg／L）结合使用能有效抑制农杆菌过度繁殖并提高转化芽诱导频率;在转化细胞的分化和转化芽伸长过程中,改进的筛选策略可以明显改善对转化芽的筛选效果,从而提高转化频率。应用优化后的转化体系．获得了3个国内大豆主栽品种的转基因植株,PCR阳性植株频率为3．8％～7．6％。转化植株叶片总DNA的PCR和Southern blot实验表明,T-DNA上的外源基因已经整合到大豆基因组中。     

Pathogen resistant Transgenic Plant from Dwarfing Rootstock of Cherry by Introducing Antibacterial Polypeptide Genes

A shoot regeneration system of high frequency from shoot of Chinese cherry ( Prunus pseudocerasus Lindl. ) dwarfing rootstock was established and 19 transformed plants were obtained from the dwarfing rootstock by introducing gus gene and antibacterial polypeptide genes, using Agrobacteriuan tumefaciens (Smith et Townsend) Corm as mediator. The results of Southern blot analysis proved that antibacterial polypeptide gene was integrated into the cherry genome. The results of tumor test, X-gluc reaction and bacterial-resistant test of leaf extract against Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 indicated that antibacterial polypeptide gene may be expressed efficiently in the transformed plant. The tube shoot was characteristic in its resistance to root nodule disease. This study on the characteristics of germ line transformation of shoot meristem suggested that it was a highly efficient transformation system.     

Expression of a cytokinin synthesis gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA in basket willow (Salix viminalis)

Willow cells transformed with an ipt gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens grow in tissue culture as undifferentiated callus without shoot induction. We show that the transformed calluses contained high levels of the cytokinins 9-β- d -ribofuranosyl zeatin and its monophosphate, demonstrating the presence of a functional isopentenyl transferase enzyme. The ipt gene was transcribed at different levels in different transformed callus lines. The absence of shoot differntiation is apparently not due to a lack of zeatin-type cytokinins in the transformed callus.     

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of rough lemon (citrus jambhiri lush) with yeast HAL2 gene

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) is the most commonly used Citrus rootstock in south Asia. It is extremely sensitive to salt stress that decreases the growth and yield of Citrus crops in many areas worldwide. Over expression of the yeast halotolerant gene (HAL2) results in increasing the level of salt tolerance in transgenic plants. RESULTS: Transformation of rough lemon was carried out by using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains LBA4404 harboring plasmid pJRM17. Transgenic shoots were selected on kanamycin 100 mg L-1along with 250 mg L-1 each of cefotaxime and vancomycin for effective inhibition of Agrobacterium growth. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 200 muM acetoseryngone (AS) proved to be the best inoculation and co-cultivation medium for transformation. MS medium supplemented with 3 mg L-1of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) showed maximum regeneration efficiency of the transformed explants. The final selection of the transformed plants was made on the basis of PCR and Southern blot analysis. CONCLUSION: Rough lemon has been successfully transformed via grobacterium tumefaciens with beta-glucuronidase (GUS) and HAL2. Various factors affecting gene transformation and regeneration efficiency were also investigated.     

亚麻遗传转化体系的建立及几丁质酶基因导入的研究

报道了亚麻遗传转化体系的建立和几丁质酶基因对亚麻遗传转化的研究。亚麻下胚轴切段培养在不同激素浓度的ＭＳ培养基上,诱导分化出不定芽。最佳的激素组合是ＭＳ＋ＢＡ１ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ,分化频率可达９７％。亚麻的下胚轴经带有几丁质 根癌农杆菌感染后,在含有１００ｍｇ／Ｌ卡那霉素的选择分化培养基上,１４￣２１ｄ就能产生抗生小芽,小芽进一步伸长后可在１００ｍｇ／Ｌ卡那霉素的ＭＳ选择生根培养基（ＭＳ     

Root and stem hydraulic conductivity as determinants of growth potential in grafted trees of apple (Malus pumila Mill.)

The anatomy of the graft tissue between a rootstock and its shoot (scion) can provide a mechanistic explanation of the way dwarfing Malus rootstocks reduce shoot growth. Considerable xylem tissue disorganization may result in graft tissue having a low hydraulic conductivity (k(h)), relative to the scion stem. The graft may influence the movement of substances in the xylem such as ions, water and plant-growth-regulating hormones. Measurements were made on 3-year-old apple trees with a low-pressure flow system to determine k(h) of root and scion stem sections incorporating the graft tissue. A range of rootstocks was examined, with different abilities of dwarfing; both ungrafted and grafted with the same scion shoot cultivar. The results showed that the hydraulic conductivity (k(hroot)) of roots from dwarfing rootstocks was lower compared with semi-vigorous rootstocks, at least for the size class of root measured (1.5 mm diameter). Scion hydraulic conductivity (k(hs)) was linked to leaf area and also to the rootstock on to which it was grafted, i.e. hydraulic conductivity was greater for the scion stem on the semi-vigorous rootstock. Expressing conductivities relative to xylem cross-sectional areas (k(s)) did not remove these differences suggesting that there were anatomical changes induced by the rootstock. The calculated hydraulic conductivity of the graft tissue was found to be lower for grafted trees on dwarfing rootstocks compared to invigorating rootstocks. These observations are discussed in relation to the mechanism(s) by which rootstock influences shoot growth in grafted trees.     

大豆胚尖遗传转化体系优化及抗逆基因GmPK转化研究

采用GUS基因瞬时表达检测方法,通过正交试验以AS浓度、侵染菌液OD值、侵染时间、共培养时间和恢复培养时间5个因素在4个水平上进行分析,优化了农杆菌介导的大豆胚尖遗传转化体系,并在此基础上进行了抗逆基因GmPK的遗传转化。结果表明,采用共培养培养基中添加100μmol/L AS、侵染菌液OD600值0.9、侵染15h、共培养5d和恢复培养3d的转化条件最佳,GUS阳性率达74.59%,经PCR及RT-PCR进一步验证获得了转基因阳性植株。利用优化的最佳条件进行抗逆基因GmPK的转化,炼苗移栽成活的再生植株经PCR及PCR-Southern blotting验证,初步证明外源基因已经整合至大豆基因组,转化率为0.6%。     

番茄ACC合酶反义基因对河套蜜瓜的转化

河套蜜瓜（CucumismeloLcvHetau）的子叶经预培养。芽诱导和生根培养,获得再生小植株,诱导率达58％。取带有番茄ACC合酶反义基因的双元载体pMQ6／JM109与农杆菌（Agrobacteriumtumefaciens）LBA4404经三亲融合后,与在MS0上萌发5d、并在MS＋1mg／LNAA培养基上预培养3d的子叶共培养48h,然后转入含50mg／L卡那霉素的MS＋6mg／LZT的芽诱导培养基中,1l个月后诱导生芽,待芽长1．5－2cm时转入生根培养基中,1－2周后可诱导产生大量的根,形成完整的转基因小植株。经PCR和分子杂交检测证明,目的基因已整合入河套蜜瓜的基因组中。     

Transformation of Cucumis melo cv. Hetau with Tomato Antisense ACC Synthase Gene

An efficient in vitro plant regeneration system of Cucumis melo L. cv. Hetau was established. Regenerated plantlets were obtained from cotyledons after preculture, shoot inducing culture and root inducing culture. A high regeneration rate was achieved up to 58%. Cucumis melo was transformed with the antisense tomato ACC synthase gene in binary vector pMQ6 via Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated gene transfer. Kanamycin resistant plantlets were obtained on MS medium with 6 mg/L zeatin, 50 mg/L kanamycin and 650 mg/L cefotaximine. PCR and molecular hybridization analysis showed that tomato ACC synthase antisense cDNA was integreted into the genome of C. melo.