柴达木盆地侏罗系油源的孢粉学证据

记述了青海柴达木盆地侏罗系油储原油中萃取出的孢子花粉化石27属45种。基于原油中孢粉化石的研究及其与潜在油源岩中孢粉化石的对比,确定了含油区的油源岩。并根据孢子花粉母体植物所反映的古生态特征探讨了油源岩形成的环境。研究结果表明,下侏罗统小煤沟组和中侏罗统大煤沟组应为该含油区的油源岩系。研究区油源岩形成于温暖湿润气候下的湖沼环境。     

新疆喀什凹陷原油中的孢子花粉

记述了新疆塔里木盆地喀什凹陷原油中萃取出的孢子花粉化石 30属 46种 .基于原油中孢粉化石的研究 ,追朔了该含油区的油源 ,并探讨了石油运移机理 .根据原油孢粉集合的特征 ,下侏罗统康苏组和中侏罗统杨叶组及塔尔尕组应是本区的油源岩系 .原油中来自油源岩系孢粉化石的发现 ,说明微裂隙是石油初次运移的通道 ,裂隙、节理、断层、不整合面等是石油二次运移的通道     

新疆独山子油田原油中的孢子花粉

本文研究了新疆准噶尔盆地独山子油田原油中分离出的孢子花粉35属51种。基于原油中孢子花粉的研究,追溯了该含油区的油源并讨论了油气运移问题。根据原油中找到的孢子花粉化石来判断,准噶尔盆地西南含油区有两套油源岩系,即下一中侏罗统八道湾一头屯河组和渐新统安集海河组。     

柴达木盆地第三系油源的孢粉学证据

记述了青海柴达木盆地上第三系油储原油中萃取出的孢子花粉化石３１属６８种。基于原油中孢粉化石的研究及其与潜在油源岩中孢粉化石的对比,确定了含油区的油源岩。根据孢子花粉母体植物的古生态特征探讨了油源岩的形成环境。研究结果表明,渐新统至下中新统干柴沟组和上中新统至下上新统油砂山组应为盆地西部的油源岩系。研究区油源岩形成于温暖半潮湿和半干燥气候下的湖泊沉积环境。     

南海北部湾涠洲油田原油中的孢子花粉

记述了南海北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷涠洲油田流沙港组下部储油层所储原油中萃取出的孢子花粉化石２８属５８种及藻类化石２属３种。通过对比孢子花粉及藻类化石的油源,确定了含油区的油源岩;并根据各类孢型母体植物的古生态特征探讨了油源岩的形成环境。结果表明,中始新统至下渐新统流沙港组暗色泥质岩是北部湾盆地的主力油源岩,中上渐新统涠洲组暗色泥质岩也是该区的油源岩;该区油源岩形成于亚热带温暖潮湿气候下的湖泊沉积环境。     

新疆库车拗陷原油孢粉集合与油源岩

笔者观察了新疆塔里木盆地库车拗陷原油中分离出的孢子花粉20属28种(型),进一步阐明了原油孢粉集合的概念并对其进行了初步分类。本文还根据原油孢粉集合的特征探讨了该含油区的油源问题。     

安徽含山侏罗纪叶肢介

安徽侏罗纪叶肢介,曾发现于舒城晓天附近,层位为上侏罗统毛坦厂组,计有2属、7种(陈丕基等,1982,第24—26页)。中、下侏罗统的叶肢介,一直未见报道。本文所描述的叶肢介是安徽区测队三分队陆伍云等同志于1980年进行区域地质调查时在巢湖东约10公里的含山县彭庄村边发现的,1981年5月,我所曹正尧、林启彬、黎文本及笔者与陆伍云等同志一起,观察了侏罗系剖面,重新采集化石。化石产于中侏罗统含山组下部厚约9米的灰黑色(风化后呈灰白色)泥岩。该地含山组假整合覆于中下侏罗统象山群之上。与叶肢介共生的尚有植物Equisetites sp. (cf. E.     

北羌塘盆地中部笙根地区索瓦组上段的孢粉型化石组合及时代

报道北羌塘盆地笙根地区前人划分的上侏罗统索瓦组的上部发现了具有典型意义的、代表早白垩世的Dicheiropollis花粉。表明在该地区索瓦组上部是以前未能识别的下白垩统。根据该套地层中Dicheiropollis花粉的出现及孢粉组合中大量出现的Cyathidites和Classopollis,以及较为丰富的Gonyaulacysta jurassica与多类型沟鞭藻化石组合特征,确定索瓦组上部时代归属为早白垩世早期。这不仅为北羌塘盆地笙根地区早白垩世海相地层的存在提供了依据,而且为进一步分析和完善北羌塘中生代盆地演化史提供了有意义的线索。     

含油污泥微生物处理技术研究

针对胜利油田现河采油厂和滨南采油厂联合站罐底污泥的含油污泥进行了微生物处理技术研究工作。主要是利用微生物分离含油污泥的油、泥和降解污泥中的污染物的性能,达到油泥分离和污染物降解的目的。经过了微生物的分离、筛选和诱导培养,选育到了合适的菌株,利用该菌株对含油污泥经厌氧处理后再进行好氧脱油实验,对污泥中脱出原油进行回收。结果表明：所选菌株可以使含油23000mg/kg的含油污泥在4h内脱油到。10100mg/kg,脱油率达到53．4％;微生物降解实验中,随着时间的延长,油去除率越高,降解效果越明显,当处理时间为60d处理后的污泥达到排放标准。     

河北中侏罗统下花园组孢子花粉及其地层意义

河北省侏罗系分布广泛,为一套复杂的陆相沉积——火山岩建造。中侏罗统下花园组是重要的含煤地层,形成具有工业价值的中—大型矿床。本组的地质时代长期存有争议,地层工作者多与京西门头沟煤系对比,划为下侏罗统或下至中侏罗统。笔者先后对下花园煤矿和蔚县煤田进行了孢粉采样分析,所得孢粉保存清晰,内容丰富,是确定下花园组地质时代的重要依据。     

Spores and Pollen from Crude Oil of Kashi Depression,Xinjiang

Forty-six species of fossil spores and pollen referred to 30 genera extracted from the crude oil samples collected from the Kashi Depression of the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang were recorded . Based on the investigations of the palynomorphs in crude oil. the petroleum source of the petroliferous region was traced and the petroleum migration mechanism is discussed. The fossil spores and pollen found from crude oil of the Neogene reservoir of the Kelatuo Oilfield of the Kashi Depression comprised mainly Deltoidospora lineata, Cyathidites australis, C. minor, Gleicheniidites rousei, Dictyophyllidites harrisii, Cibothtmspora paradoxa, Todisporites major, Granulatisporites minor, Leptolepidites major, Klukisporites variegatus, Murospora jurassica, M. minor, Paleoconiferus asaccatus, Vi!reisporites jurassicus, V. shouldicei, V. jansonii, Alisporites thomasii, A. lowoodensis, Podocarpidites florinii, P. langii, P. multicinus, P. multesimus. Quadraeculina limbata, Protopinus scanicus. Protopicea exiliolides, Piceites expositus. P. latens, Pinuspollenites labdacus. Piceaepollenites alatus, Cedripites minor, Chasmatosporites major, C. elegans, C. canadensis, Cycadopites nitidus, C. typicus, Ephedripites tertiarius, CerebropoUenites carlylensis, Classopollis classoides, C. annulatus, Caryapollenites simplex, Chenopodipollis multiplex, Artemisiaepollenes sellularis, etc. According to the characteristics of the petroleum sporo-pollen assemblage, the Lower Jurassic Kangsu Formation and the Middle Jurassic Yangye and Taerga Formations should be the petroleum source rock series of the Kashi Depression. Judging from the palynomorphs of the source rocks found in crude oil. It might be concluded that the fossil spores and pollen together with oil beads must have been expelled from the source rocks along microfissure avenuses during the primary migration along fissures, joints faults, and unconformity planes during the secondary migration.     

新疆塔里木盆地中侏罗世塔尔尕组孢粉植物群及地层和古地理意义

新疆塔里木盆地侏罗系分布广泛,在库车凹陷和塔西南区发育最好。目前对库车凹陷的三叠纪和侏罗纪孢粉植物群研究较为深入,而对塔西南区侏罗纪孢粉化石专题研究不多,尚未建立孢粉组合。作者基于塔西南区乌恰中侏罗统塔尔尕组发现的孢子花粉33属48种的研究,建立了塔尔尕组孢粉组合。该组合以掌鳞杉科花粉Classopollis的优势和真蕨目桫椤科孢子Cyathidites的繁盛为特征,并含有丰富多样且颇具侏罗纪色彩的孢子花粉化石类型。该组合与西欧和俄罗斯巴柔期至巴通期孢粉组合以及北美和澳大利亚巴柔期至卡洛夫期孢粉组合可以进行对比;与我国新疆库车恰克马克组、陕西延安直罗组和湖北兴山沙溪庙组等孢粉组合也可对比。根据孢粉学证据,塔尔尕组的时代应属于中侏罗世晚期(巴通期至卡洛夫期)。当前孢粉植物群支持我国侏罗纪南北植物地理区系之西端分界之划分方案,即塔西南乌恰处于界线以南,而库车处于分界以北。     

渤海沿岸临清坳陷堂古5井中三叠统轮藻化石与地层划分对比

在临清坳陷堂古5井发现轮藻化石Stenochara和Stellatochara两属7种,证实该区存在三叠世地层。根据地层层序、岩石地层特征和区域地质资料分析,该区亦应存在下三叠统,并建议参照区域方案将该区中、下三叠统红层划分为刘家沟组、和尚沟组和二马营组。     

Spores and Pollens from Crude Oil of Turpan Basin,Xinjiang

Sixty-eight species of fossil spores and pollens referred to 39 genera extracted from the crude oil samples collected from the Turpan Basin of Xinjiang are recorded in this paper. Based on the investigations of fossil spores and pollens in petroleum, the questions on petroleum migration and source rocks are discussed. It is expounded and proved theoretically and practically that the phenomenon that the crude oil samples usually contain the fossil spores and pollen grains with different geological ages from reservoir rocks should result from petroleum migration, but not from resedimentation. The fossil spores and pollens in crude oil of the Middle Jurassic reservoir of the Qiktim Oil-Field of the Turpan Basin comprise mainly Leiotriletes pflugi, Deltoidospora gradata, D. magna, Cyathidites australir, C. minor, Biretisporites cf. potoniaei, Dictyophyllidites harrisii. Cibotiumspora paradoxa, C. jurienensis, Gleicheniidites rousei, G. conflexus, Undulatisporites concavus, U. pflugii, Granulatisporites arenaster, G. minor, Todisporites minor, Osmundacidites wellmanii, dpiculatisporis variabilis, Leptolepidites major, Aratrisporites scabratus Cycadopites nitidus, C. typicus, C. subgranulosus, Chasmatosporites elegans, Classopollis classoides, C. itunen- sis, C. annulatus, C. qiyangensis, Callialarporites dampieri, C. radius, lnaperturopollenites det- tmannii, Protoconiferus funarius, Paleoconiferus asaccatus, CaytonipoUenites pallidus, Vitreis- porites jurassicus, V. jansonii, Pseudowalchia ovalis, P. landesii, P. biangulina, Podocarpidites unicus, P. major, P. multicinus, P. multesimus, P. rousei, P. wapellaensis, Platysaccus lopsinensis, Ovalipollis enigmatica, O. minor, O. canadensis, Pteruchipollenites thomasii, Alisporites grandis, A. bilateralis, Pityosporites similis, P. divulgatus, Piceites expos us, P. podocarpoides, P. latens, Protopicea exilioides, Pseudopicea variabitifornus, Piceaepollenites complanatiformus, Abietineaepollenites dunrobinensis, A. microalatus, A. minimus, Cedripites minor, Eucommiidites troedssonii, etc. Some of the species are also found from the crude oil sampls taken from the Middle Jurassic reservoir of the Shengjinkou Oil-Field of the Turpan Basin. The above mentioned species of spores and pollens are widely distributed in the Lower to Middle Jurassic sediments of North America, Europe, Australia and China. They have also been found from the Lower to Middle Jurassic sediments of the Turpan Basin. Judging from the spores and pollen in petroleum, it may be concluded that the Lower Jurassic Badaowan-Sangonhe Formation and the Middle Jurassic Xishanyao-Toudenhe Formation should contain the favorable petroleum source rocks in the basin. As to petroleum migration mechanism, it is considered that petroleum must have migrated for comparatively short distances to accumulate into petroleum pools in this region.     

Pleuromeia discovered from the Middle Triassic Linjia Formation of Benxi,Northeast China

A new species Pleuromeia shaolinii Zhang et Wang n. sp. was established under the family Pleuromeiaceae, based on eight specimens of stems and leaves, cones, rhizophores, and adventitious roots that were recently collected from the Middle Triassic Linjia Formation in Benxi, Northeast China. P. shaolinii n. sp. is similar to the type species P. sternbergii, in the morphology of the stem and rhizophore, but differs from it by the transversely rounded sporophylls organized in a heterosporous cone, and the two conspicuous triangular scars present on both sides of the vascular bundle scar. The Linjia flora, an only reliable Middle Triassic flora in Northeast China, was discovered 40 years ago. Although the Linjia Formation can be compared with the Middle Triassic Ermaying Formation from another area of the North China plate, its age was questionable due to the absence of the Early to Middle Triassic index fossil Pleuromeia. Based on the flora similarity, the zircon dating, lithologic characteristics, presence of a disconformity, and the occurrence of the Middle Triassic–Early Cretaceous insect fossil Sogdoblatta, the age of the Linjia Formation can be confirmed as Middle Triassic. The new species not only supplements our knowledge in biology and taxonomy of Pleuromeia, but also supports the Middle Triassic age assignment of the Linjia flora.     

巴基斯坦盐岭地区二叠纪生物地层研究的新进展

近30年来,巴基斯坦盐岭地区的Wargal组和Chhidru组以及在喜马拉雅地区相当地层的地质时代被许多学者视为中二叠世(瓜达鲁普世)。根据华南与盐岭地区瓜达鲁普统和乐平统的牙形类化石带对比,可以确定Amb组和Wargal组底部的时代为瓜达鲁普世晚期,瓜达鲁普统与乐平统的界线位于Wargal组下部,吴家坪阶与长兴阶的界线位于Chhidru组的下部,而二叠与三叠系的界线位于Mianwali组下部的Kathwai段之内。我国西藏南部色龙群及相当地层含有与巴基斯坦盐岭地区Kalabagh段和Chhidru组可对比的乐平世腕足动物群以及二叠系—三叠系界线附近连续的牙形类化石带,由此可以推定色龙群的时代应为乐平世。