不同采收期紫玉盘中抗癌活性的初步研究

对不同采收期紫玉盘植物提取物,采用SRB法观察其对人口腔上皮癌细胞株(KB)生长的影响进行抗癌活性检测,结果发现抗癌活性物质随采收期的不同其活性具有显著差异,10月份采收的紫玉盘植物提取物体外抗癌活性最强。     

马来西亚番荔枝科紫玉盘属（Uvaria Linn. …

对紫玉盘属８种,杯冠木属３种和Ｅｌｌｉｐｅｉａ属１种进行了叶的比较研究,以调查不同种之间解剖学的不同点,这对种的鉴别和了解它们的分类学意义可能是有用的。有意义的解剖学特征是：末端石细胞,表皮细胞的晶族,毛状体,在中脉和叶柄的薄壁组织内的短石细胞以及中脉和叶柄横切面的形状。有某些特征仅出现在某些种中,这对种的鉴别是有用的。结果亦显示这三个属的联系十分紧密。     

木防己属植物中生物碱成分的研究概况

本文对木防己属植物中发现的吗啡碱类、阿扑菲碱类、苯甲基异喹啉碱类、异喹啉酮类、原小蘖碱类、刺桐碱烷类及其它结构类型共90余个生物碱成分进行了简要综述,同时探讨了它们在该属植物中的分布、生物活性、结构类型及其民间医疗用途。     

肠杆菌科细菌对β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药机制的研究现状

肠杆菌科细菌是革兰阴性杆菌中最常见的一类细菌,在一定条件下可引起医院和社区感染。临床首选β-内酰胺类抗生素来抗感染,但由于抗生素的不合理使用导致肠杆菌科细菌产生相应的灭活酶及水解酶或菌株细胞结构改变,从而破坏β-内酰胺环使其对抗生素作用的敏感性下降甚至耐药,给临床抗感染治疗带来了极大的挑战;为更好地指导临床用药,拟就肠杆菌科细菌的耐药表型、对β-内酰胺类抗生素的耐药机制做一综述。     

Cockroach pollination and breeding system of Uvaria elmeri (Annonaceae) in a lowland mixed-dipterocarp forest in Sarawak

Tropical forest plants are known to be pollinated by a diverse array of animals. Here we report on the pollination of a woody climber species, Uvaria elmeri (Annonaceae), by cockroaches in a lowland mixed-dipterocarp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of pollination by cockroaches. The cauliflorous flowers in the understory are protogynous and bloomed for 50 h. An odor similar to decayed wood or a mushroom was secreted by flowers and was stronger during the male stage. Pollinators were cockroaches (Blattellidae) and drosophilid flies (Drosophilidae). Cockroaches, the main pollinators, visited flowers during both female and male stages at night, feeding on stigmatic exudate and pollen. Drosophilids, the secondary pollinators. mainly visited female-stage flowers during daytime, fed on stigmatic exudate. and laid eggs on stigmas. Neither autogamy nor self-compatibility was observed. Fruit production appeared to be pollen-limited. The fruit set, which was 2% of flowers in natural condition, was significantly lower than the 30% fruit set obtained by artificial cross-pollination. We discuss the traits of cockroaches as pollinators and the breeding system of U. elmeri.     

Chemical Composition,Mosquito Larvicidal and Antimicrobial Activities,and Molecular Docking Study of Essential Oils of Cinnamomum melastomaceum,Neolitsea buisanensis and Uvaria microcarpa from Vietnam

The leaf oil compositions of two Lauraceae and one Annonaceae plants cultivated in Vietnam were analysed by GC/MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) analysis. The leaf oil of the first Lauraceae plant Cinnamomum melastomaceum contained 34 identified compounds, in which benzyl benzoate (38.5 %), linalool (19.9 %), (E)-caryophyllene (10.5 %), and α-terpineol (6.9 %) were the major compounds. The leaves of the second Lauraceae plant Neolitsea buisanensis gave an oil with the main compounds (E)-β-ocimene (24.0 %), benzyl benzoate (15.8 %), bicyclogermacrene (14.9 %), and (E)-caryophyllene (6.3 %). The leaf oil of the Annonaceae plant Uvaria microcarpa consisted of the principal compounds (E)-caryophyllene (18.0 %), bicyclogermacrene (8.1 %), and δ-elemene (6.1 %). Two Lauraceae oil samples exhibited strong mosquito larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus with LC₅₀ and LD₉₀ values of less than 50 μg/mL. The Annonaceae oil sample showed strong antimicrobial activity against the fungus Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015 with the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) value of 32 μg/mL. In the docking approach, the major compounds (E)-caryophyllene, bicyclogermacrene, and benzyl benzoate interacted with the mosquito odorant-binding protein 3OGN, whereas (E)-caryophyllene, bicyclogermacrene, and δ-elemene also potentially interacted with the 4ZA5 protein of fungus A. niger.     

Molecular phylogenetic support for a broader delimitation of Uvaria (Annonaceae), inclusive of Anomianthus,Cyathostemma, Ellipeia,Ellipeiopsis and Rauwenhoffia

Abstract

Uvaria (Annonaceae), a large palaeotropical genus of woody climbers, closely resembles several other smaller genera, including Anomianthus, Cyathostemma, Ellipeia, Ellipeiopsis and Rauwenhoffia. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of this group was undertaken using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods based on four chloroplast DNA regions (matK, psbA‐trnH spacer, rbcL and trnL‐F). The resultant trees were moderately well resolved with significant statistical support for most nodes. Uvaria is shown unequivocally to be paraphyletic, with all representatives of the other five genera nested within it. The distinguishing morphological characteristics of the related genera are re‐evaluated, and interpreted as no more than specialised adaptations of the basic Uvaria structure. The generic names Anomianthus, Cyathostemma, Ellipeia, Ellipeiopsis and Rauwenhoffia are accordingly reduced to synonymy with Uvaria, necessitating 11 new nomenclatural combinations and four replacement names.     

Aromatic constituents from Uvaria chamae

A novel monobenzylated monoterpene, chamanen, has been isolated from the root bark of Uvaria chamae. In addition, the dimethyl ether of thymoquinol     

Alkaloids from leaves of Annona salzmannii and Annona vepretorum (Annonaceae)

Phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Annona salzmannii and Annona vepretorum (Annonaceae) led to the identification of seven aporphine alkaloids, anonaine, asimilobine, norcorydine, lanuginosine, liriodenine, lysicamine and oxonantenine, as well as, 1,3,6,6-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-isoquinolin-8-one and vomifoliol. Liriodenine, anonaine, asimilobine and norcorydine were found in A. salzmannii, while liriodenine, oxonantenine, lanuginosine, lysicamine, vomifoliol and 1,3,6,6-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-isoquinolin-8-one were found in A. vepretorum. All these compounds are being described for the first time in the leaves of A. salzmannii and A. vepretorum. This is the first report of 1,3,6,6-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-isoquinolin-8-one in the Annonaceae. The NMR data for oxonantenine, lanuginosine and lysicamine were reviewed.     

小果博落回的生物碱分离与鉴定

以D101大孔吸附树脂为吸附剂,将对小果博落回全草的酸水提取物分为50%乙醇洗脱部分和丙酮洗脱部分.对两部分洗脱物分别进行硅胶柱色谱分离,由50%乙醇洗脱部分得到5个生物碱:二氢血根碱(1),二氢白屈菜红碱(2),6-乙氧基血根碱(3),6-丙酮基血根碱(4)和Bocconarborine A (5).由丙酮洗脱部分得到原阿片碱(6),α-别隐品碱(7),β-别隐品碱(8)和小檗红碱(9).采用波谱分析对化合物进行了结构表征,结果表明,化合物3、4、5、9是首次从该植物中分离得到.     

星盾炱属一新种

星盾炱属新种紫玉盘星盾炱Asterina uvariae-microcarpae寄生在番荔枝科植物紫玉盘Uvaria microcarpa (Annonaceae)的叶上。新种有拉丁文和英文描述,附了显微结构图。模式标本保存在广东省微生物研究所标本室(HMIGD)。     

(+/-)-Schefflone: a trimeric monoterpenoid from the root bark of Uvaria scheffleri

The trimeric monoterpene and mildly mosquito larvicidal agent, (+/-)-schefflone, that is an apparent derivative of the antiparasitic aromatic monoterpene espintanol, was isolated from the antimalarial extracts of the root bark of Uvaria scheffleri, together with espintanol. Structural determination of (+/-)-schefflone was achieved from spectroscopic data and confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. (+/-)-Schefflone can be considered a product of a non-enzymatic Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reaction of the quinonemethide derivative of espintanol as the diene and dienophile.     

Polyavolinamide,an indolosesquiterpene alkaloid from Polyathia suaveolens

A new indolosesquiterpene alkaloid, polyavolinamide, has been identified in the stem of Polyathia suaveolens accompanied by the three previously isolated indolosesquiterpene alkaloids, polyavolensin, polyavolensinol, polyavolensinone, as well as an unidentified triterpene and an aporhine alkaloids. Polyavolinamide was also the major component of the root bark. Its structure was assigned on the basis of ¹¹H and ¹³C NMR, and mass spectrometry.