中国黑粉补遗

裂孢黑粉菌属(Schizonella)是我国新记录属,其主要特征为孢子堆生叶上;黑粉成对,其萌发方式同黑粉菌属(Ustilago)苔草裂孢黑粉菌(Schizonella melanogramma(DC.) Schrot.)寄生于苔草属(Carex sp.)植物上,其孢子堆生叶上,条状,粉质;黑粉孢子卵形,近球形或不规则半球形,常成对,7.5 -12.5 (-14)×5.5-(-12)µm,橄榄褐色.另一我国新记录种是鬼灯檠条黑粉菌(Urocystis rodgersiae (Miyabe) Miyabe ex Zund.),寄生在鬼灯檠(Rodgersia aesculifolia Batal.)植物上.孢子堆生叶下;孢子球27-60(-75)×25-45.5(-57µm,由1-6个黑粉孢子组成;不育细胞10-15×9-l0µm,浅褐色.黑粉孢子14-20×10-14µm,暗褐色.此种孢子球比原产于日本的模式种略大,其它特征相同.     

中国黑粉菌属和利罗黑粉菌属

黑粉菌属是Roussel 1806年建立的,全世界记载有三百余种,主要寄生于禾本科,是经济作物及牧草的重要致病菌·长期以来,对黑粉菌的邢子使用过各种名称,如厚垣孢子,冬孢子及黑粉孢子等.本文采用黑粉孢子以区别锈菌的冬孢子. 芳’(1979)在《中国真菌总汇》中列出黑粉菌属五十种及一个变型.作者经过显微结构和超显微结构的研究,承认其中二十九种为正确名称,八种及一变型为异名,顶黑粉菌(Ustilago acrearus Berk.)由于错拼而被废弃.埃地黑粉菌(Ustilago emodensis Berk.)被转移至利罗粉菌属(Liroa).另有十一种黑粉菌因缺少标本留待今后订正.自1979年以后,杨信东(1983)增加黑粉菌属二种我国新纪录,K.范基和郭林(1986)描述一新种,四种新纪录.在本文中,作者描述一新种:鸢尾蒜黑粉(Ustilago ixiolirii Guo L) ,孢子堆生在蒴果内,不开裂,黑色,粉末状.黑粉孢子球形,近球形,稀椭圆形, 12.5-21×10-21μm,黑褐色,壁厚1-1.Sμm,纹饰脑状.是迄今生在石蒜科植物上唯一黑粉菌的种,其它几种黑粉菌均属条黑粉菌属.本文增加七种我国新纪录.共计四十九种,寄生于六科四十四属植物,主要是禾本科和蓼科.这仅是黑粉菌属研究的初步报告,在全国范围内大量采集黑粉菌标本后,作者相信会有更多新种和我国新纪录被发现.利罗黑粉菌属(Liroa)是从黑粉菌属(Ustaligo)分出的,此属为单种属.     

中国黑粉菌补遗Ⅴ

摘要:本文报道我国黑粉菌五种新纪录。1)刺蓼轴黑粉菌(Sphacelotheca polygoni-senticosi(P. Hennings) Miyabe & Takahashi)寄生于假长尾叶蓼(Polygonum longisetum De Bruyn)和长尾叶蓼(Polygonum posumbu Hamilt.)。此种与水蓼轴黑粉菌(Sphacelotheca hydropiperis(Schum.) de Bary)的区别是黑粉孢子表面纹饰瘤状,常连接为脊状或不完全网状。2)七筋菇条黑粉菌(Urocystis clintoniae (Komarov) Vánky)寄生于七筋菇(Clintonia udensis Trautv. &Mey.)和扭柄花(Streptopus obtusatus Fassett)。3)宫部条黑粉菌(Urocystis miyabeana Togashi& Onuma)寄生于轮叶黄精(Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All.)。4)喜马拉雅黑粉菌(Ustilagohimalensis (Kakishima & Ono) Vánky & Oberwinkler)寄生于细穗支柱蓼(Polygonum suffultumMaxim. var. pergracile (Hemsl.) G. Sam.)。5)伊朗黑粉菌(Ustilago iranica H. Sydow)寄生于远东友友草(Achnatherum extremiorientale (Hara) Keng)。     

中国黑粉菌补遗Ⅱ

茸草团散黑粉新组合(Sporisorium arthraxonis)寄生于矛叶草草(Arthraxonlanceolatus),孢子堆生花序上,外膜由真菌细胞组成,中轴由寄主组织形成,黑粉孢子11-15×10-13µm,小刺;不育细胞2-5个成组。荞麦轴黑粉(Sphacelotheca fagopyri)寄生于荞麦(Fagopyrum esculentum),孢子堆生子房中,中轴由真菌细胞组成,黑粉孢子8-13 ×7-l lµm,小疣。此二种是我国新记录。     

中国团黑粉菌属和团散黑粉菌属

本文报道我国团黑粉菌属10种,团散黑粉菌属22种。其中新组合8种,即:水蔗草团散黑粉[Sporisorium apludae (H. Sydow & Sydow) L. Guo]、营大孢团散黑粉[Sporisorium benguetensis (Zundel) L. Guo]、细柄草团散黑粉[Sporisorium capillipedii (Ling) L. Guo]、营小孢团散黑粉[Sporisorium exsertum (McAlp.) L. Guo]、芒粒团散黑粉[Sporisorium miscanthi (Yen) L. Guo]、黄茅粒团散黑粉[Sporisorium moniliferum (Ell. & Ev.) L. Guo]、光高粱团散黑粉[Sporisorium taianum (Syd.) L. Guo]和鸭嘴草团散黑粉[Sporisorium tanglinensis (Tracy&Earle) L. Guo]。     

黑粉菌属一新种及中国黑粉菌补遗VI

本文描述采自河北小五台山的黑粉菌一新种,即寄生在野青茅(Deyeuxia arundinacea(L.) Beauv)上的野青茅黑粉菌(Ustilago deyeuxiae L. Guo)。此种与网优黑粉菌(Ustilago scrobiculata Liro)近似,但野青茅黑粉菌网纹明显,网眼高。并报道三种黑粉菌中国新记录。1)酢浆草黑粉菌(Ustilago oxalidis Ellis&Tracy)寄生于醉浆草(Oxalis corniculata L.),此种是我国首次在酢浆草科(Oxalidaceae)植物上发现的黑粉菌。2)网状黑粉菌(Ustilago polygoni-alati Thirum. & Pavgi)寄生于尼泊尔萝(Polygonum nepalense Meisn.),作者对此种进行了订正研究。3)臭草条黑粉菌(Urocystis melicae (Lagerheim & Liro) Zundel)寄生于细叶臭草(Melica radula Fr.)。     

彼得黑粉菌属

本文对彼得黑粉菌属(Franzpetrakia)进行订正研究。此属包括2个种,莠竹彼得黑粉(F. microstegii)和薏苡彼得黑粉新组合(F. okudairae comb. nov.)一对其孢子萌发同物异名及异同点等进行了讨论。彼得黑粉菌属是中国和日本的新记录属。芬竹彼得黑粉是中国新记录种。     

王氏条黑粉菌新种(条黑粉菌目)

自中国甘肃桑科草原发现一种寄生在禾本科Koeleriasp.植物上的黑粉菌新种,王氏条黑粉菌Urocystiswangii。此种与寄生在Koeleria属植物上条黑粉菌Urocystiskoeleriae近似,其区别是王氏条黑粉菌孢子球中黑粉孢子数目多,由(0~)1~6(~8)黑粉孢子组成;而U.koeleriae孢子球由(0~)1~4(~5)黑粉孢子组成。     

中国黑粉菌补遗Ⅳ.

<正> 1983年7月王贵明同志自宁夏西吉县采得一份黑粉菌,其孢子堆寄生于豆科山野豌豆植物的种子内,孢子球由14—65(—90)个孢子组成,直径为36—83(—110)×28—60.5(—91)μm。黑粉孢子多角形或近球形,9—19×8.5—16.5μm,表面纹饰瘤状。孢子球及黑粉孢子的形态特征表明此种属于楔孢黑粉菌属(Thecaphora)。在野豌豆属(Vicia)植物上,全世界已记载了两种楔孢黑粉菌(Vánky,1991)。一种是野豌豆楔孢黑粉菌(Thecaphora viciae Bubak),另一种是山野豌豆楔孢黑粉菌(Thecaphora viciae-amoenae     

秦岭的尾孢菌及其近似属种

摘要:本文报道秦岭地区尾孢菌属及其近似属56种,其中有一个新种:秦岭假尾孢(Pseudocercospora qinlingensis Guo, sp. nov.),寄生在苦木科(Simaroubaceae)臭椿属(Ailanthus sp.)上,两个新组合:草霉色链隔孢[Phaeoramularia vexans (C. Massalongo) Guo,comb. nov.].寄生在蔷薇科(Rosaceae)草霉属(Fragaria sp.)上;篙假尾孢[Pseudocercospora dracunculi (Sarwar) Guo, comb. nov.],寄生在菊科(Compositae)牛尾蒿(Artemisia subdigitataMattf.)上和两个中国新记录种:商陆尾孢(Cercospora pircuniae Speg.),寄生在商陆科(Phytolaccaceae)商陆(Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.)上;荚蒾生尾孢(Cercospora viburnicola Ray).寄生在醉鱼草叶荚蒾(Viburnum buddleifolium C. H. Wight)上.新种(Pseudocercospora qinlingensis Guo, sp. nov.)子实体主要生于叶面,子座沿叶斑边缘发生,暗褐色至近黑色,直径40.0-75.0 (-100.0)μm,分生孢子梗紧密簇生,青黄褐色,不分枝,不呈曲膝状,无隔膜,6.5-26.0 × 3.9-6.0μm,分生孢子圆柱形,青黄褐色至中度褐色,非常弯曲,基部平截,具紧密排列地4至多个隔膜,在隔膜处缴缩,32.0-120.0 (-150.0) ×4.0-6.5 (-7.6)μm.新种与寄生在臭椿属(Ailanthus spp.)植物上的臭椿尾孢(Cercospora ailanthi P. Henn.)和臭椿生假尾孢[Pseudocercospora ailanthicola(Patwardhan) Dcighton]不同:臭椿尾孢无子座.分生孢子梗不成簇,分枝,长(50.0-200.0μm),分生孢子倒棍棒一圆柱形,色泽浅(浅青黄褐色),隔膜少(5-7隔),不缢缩,短(15.0-60.0μm);臭椿生假尾孢子实体叶背生,分生孢子梗窄((3.0-4.Spm),分生孢子倒棍棒形,隔膜少((5-8隔),不绣缩,短而窄(20.0-63.0 ×3.0-5.0μm).     

Adaptive photosynthetic strategies of the Mediterranean maquis species according to their origin

In consideration of their origin the adaptive strategies of the evergreen species of the Mediterranean maquis were analysed. Rosmarinus officinalis L., Erica arborea L., and Erica multiflora L. had the lowest net photosynthetic rate (P_N) in the favourable period [7.8±0.6 mol(CO₂) m^–2s^–1, mean value], the highest P_N decrease (on an average 86 % of the maximum) but the highest recovery capacity (>70 % of the maximum) at the first rainfall in September. Cistus incanus L. and Arbutus unedo L. had the highest P_N during the favourable period [15.5±5.2 mol(CO₂) m^–2s^–1, mean value], 79 % decrease during drought, and a lower recovery capacity (on an average 54 %). Quercus ilex L., Phillyrea latifolia L., and Pistacia lentiscus L. had an intermediate P_N in the favourable period [9.2±1.3 mol(CO2) m^–2s^–1, mean value], a lower reduction during drought (on an average 63 %), and a range from 62 % (Q. ilex and P. latifolia) to 39 % (P. lentiscus) of recovery capacity. The Mediterranean species had higher decrease in P_N and stomatal conductance during drought and a higher recovery capacity than the pre-Mediterranean species. Among the pre-Mediterranean species, P. latifoliahad the best adaptation to long drought periods also by its higher leaf mass per area (LMA) which lowered leaf temperature thus decreasing transpiration rate during drought. Moreover, its leaf longevity determined a more stable leaf biomass during the year. Among the Mediteranean species, R. officinalis was the best adapted species to short drought periods by its ability to rapidly recover. Nevertheless, R. officinalis had the lowest tolerance to high temperatures by its P_N dropping below half its maximum value when leaf temperature was over 33.6°C. R. officinalismay be used as a bioindicator species of global change.This revised version was published online in March 2005 with corrections to the page numbers.     

中国单胞锈菌属新资料

本文报告我国单胞锈菌属3个新记录,即寄生在旋叶香青Anaphalis contorts Hook.f.上的美丽单胞锈菌Uromyces amoenus Syd.,寄生在亮叶茉莉Jasminum seguinii Levl.上的霍布森单胞锈菌Uromyces hobsoni Vine及寄生在乳浆大戟Euphorbia esula L.上的细纹单胞锈菌Uromyces striatellus Tranz..标本保藏在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室。     

细叶蒿草炭黑粉菌新种及中国黑粉菌补遗VII

本文报道炭黑粉菌一新种,即细叶蒿草炭黑粉菌(Anthracoidea filifoliae L. Guo sp.nov.)和4个我国新记录种:1)角孢炭黑粉菌(A. angulata(H. Sydow) Boidol & Poclt), 2)黍状苔炭黑粉菌(A. paniceae Kukkenen), 3)狼尾草团黑粉菌(Sorosporium penniseti Mundkur)和4)米勒粘孢黑粉菌(Tolyposporium muellerianum (Thuemen) McAlpine)。     

Biology of Lilioceris spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and their parasitoids in Europe

The biology and parasitoid complex of the lily leaf beetle (LLB), Lilioceris lilii Scopoli, and two congeneric species were investigated in Europe, as part of a biological control program against the LLB in North America. Eggs, larvae, and adults of L. lilii were collected in several countries in Europe, on both cultivated and wild Lilium spp., and reared in the laboratory and under natural conditions. Parasitoids were obtained and their biologies were studied. Similar investigations were made in Switzerland on two closely related species Lilioceris tibialis (Villa) found on wild Lilium spp., and Lilioceris merdigera (L.) on several other Liliaceae. The three species are strictly univoltine. Adults overwinter and lay eggs on leaves in early spring. The three beetle species have four instars, which were characterized by their head capsule width. Pupation occurs in a cocoon in the soil. Adults emerge in late summer and start feeding before reaching overwintering sites. Egg and larval parasitoids were obtained. Eggs of L. lilii and L. merdigera were parasitized by the mymarid Anaphes sp., a multivoltine species that needs alternate hosts for overwintering. Larvae were heavily attacked by several parasitoids, among which the most abundant were three ichneumonids, Lemophagus pulcher (Szepligeti), L. errabundus (Gravenhorst), and Diaparsis jucunda (Holmgren), and the eulophid Tetrastichus setifer Thomson. All four parasitoid species were found in the three beetles and in most European regions, but strong variations were observed in their relative abundance among hosts and geographic regions. Three of the four main larval parasitoids are strictly univoltine, whereas L. pulcher has a partial second generation. Lemophagus spp. are frequently parasitized by the ichneumonid hyperparasitoid Mesochorus lilioceriphilus Schwenke. Further details of the biology of the parasitoids are described, and their potential as biological control agents is discussed.     

河北小五台山叶生腔孢菌

本文报道第一作者1990年采自河北小五台山的腔孢菌10属46种。其中有一个新种:杠柳生壳针孢(Septoria periplocicola Y.L. Guo, G.Z. Lu&J.K. Bai, sp. nov.),一个新组合:蒙栋盘柱长孢[Cylindrogloeum quercum (Miura) Y.L. Guo, G.Z. Lu & J.K. Bai, comb.nov.]和11个中国新记录种:蓟壳二孢(Ascochyta cirsii Dide.),唐松草壳二孢(Ascochytaclematidina Thum.),小孢星壳孢[Asteroma microspermum (PK) Sutton],卵孢小星壳孢(Asteromella ovata Thum.),胡枝子茎点霉(Phoma lespedezicola P. Henn.),糙苏茎点霉[Phoma phlomidis (Lev.) Cooke],绣线菊叶点霉[Phyllosticta filipendulae Sace.],六道木壳针孢(Septoria abeliae Byzova),糙苏壳针孢(Septoria phlomidis Moesz.),山箩卜壳针孢(Septoria scabiocola Desm.),黎芦壳针孢(Septoria veratri Saw.)。新种提供了拉丁文简介、描述并附图。新记录种进行了简要描述。研究的标本保藏在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室(HMAS)。     

The in vivo anthelmintic efficacy of some Verbascum species growing in Turkey

Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae) species are used for desiccating wounds and as a fish poison in Anatolia as well as for diarrhea and dysentery of animals in several countries. To further evaluate their activity, methanolic extracts obtained from 13 Verbascum species growing in Turkey, including V. chionophyllum Hub.-Mor., V. cilicicum Boiss., V. dudleyanum (Hub.-Mor.) Hub.-Mor., V. lasianthum Boiss., V. latisepalum Hub.-Mor., V. mucronatum Lam., V. olympicum Boiss., V. pterocalycinum var. mutense Hub.-Mor., V. pycnostachyum Boiss. & Heldr., V. salviifolium Boiss., V. splendidum Boiss., V. stachydifolium Boiss. & Heldr. and V. uschackense (Murb.) Hub.-Mor. were evaluated for their in vivo anthelmintic activity. The extracts from V. lasianthum, V. latisepalum, V. mucronatum and V. salviifolum showed the highest inhibitory rates against Aspiculuris tetraptera at 100 mg/kg in mice. Additionally, extracts from V. dudleyanum and V. pterocalycinum var. mutense were found generally highly effective. The remaining species did not show any activity. Results of the present study support the utilization of these plant species employed in Turkish folk medicine.     

Functional response and progeny production of the Madeira mealybug parasitoid, Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope: The effects of host and parasitoid densities

We tested the hypothesis that control of an herbivorous pest would be improved by providing floral resources for adult natural enemies. The herbivore was euonymus scale, Unaspis euonymi (Comstock) (Homoptera: Diaspididae), a serious pest of woody ornamental plants. The experimental landscape consisted of 3 × 3 m plots, each containing a central bed of Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) that was infested with the scale. Floral resource plants were cultivars of four species that overlapped in bloom periods to provide a continuous supply of floral resources during summer: Trifolium repens L., Euphorbia epithymoides L., Coreopsis verticillata L. var. ‘Moonbeam,’ and Solidago canadensis L. var. ‘Golden Baby.’ Plots contained either low or high densities of all four species, or no resource plants. Densities of euonymus scale were typically lower in plots containing resource plants than in plots without them. Parasitism by Encarsia citrina (Craw.) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) was rarely influenced by the experimental treatments, flower biomass, whole-plant biomass, or scale density, but in some cases was inversely correlated with density of scales within a generation and in the subsequent generation. Parasitism occasionally reduced densities of scales in plots containing resource plants, but this effect apparently was related to vegetative, not floral qualities of plants. A steady increase in parasitism rate over the three-year course of the experiment across the entire landscape was associated with decreasing density of scales, suggesting a numerical response by the parasitoid population. These findings suggest that the parasitoid is capable of effectively controlling euonymus scale in ornamental landscapes where environmental conditions are favorable.     

The Leiognathus splendens complex (Perciformes: Leiognathidae) with the description of a new species, Leiognathus kupanensis Kimura and Peristiwady

Taxonomic analysis of a group of morphologically similar ponyfishes (Perciformes: Leiognathidae) establishes the Leiognathus splendens complex comprising four valid species: L. jonesi James, 1971, widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, from Mauritius to Papua New Guinea, north to Hainan I. (China), and south to Brisbane, Australia; L. kupanensis sp. nov., currently known only from Kupang, Timor, Indonesia; L. rapsoni Munro, 1964, currently known only from India, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea, and L. splendens Cuvier, 1829, widely distributed in the eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans, from India to Papua New Guinea, and from southern Japan to northern Australia. The L. splendens complex can be defined by the following combination of characters: body depth 42–60% of standard length; mouth protruding downward; slender, minute teeth uniserially on jaws; lower margin of orbit above the horizontal through the gape when mouth closed; breast almost completely scaled; lateral line complete, and a dark blotch on top of spinous dorsal fin. Diagnostic characters of the members are as follows: L. jonesi—anterior dorsolateral body surface with a semicircular naked area on nape, and a paler dark blotch on spinous dorsal fin; L. kupanensis—anterior dorsolateral body surface widely naked; L. rapsoni—cheek scaled; L. splendens—anterior dorsolateral body surface completely scaled and a jet black blotch on spinous dorsal fin.