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1.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammatory factors production by the cerebral cortical glial cells in two sides of the murine brain are different. To determine if microglial cells, a subset of glial cells, are involved in asymmetric production, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and nitric oxide (NO) responses to LPS by microglial cells in the right and left cerebral cortices were examined. Primary microglial cells were isolated from BALB/C neonatal mice, treated with LPS (10 µg ml?1) for 24 h and examined for IL‐6, IL‐1β and NO production. At untreated state, the levels of IL‐6, IL‐1β and NO showed no statistical difference between left and right. However, after LPS treatment, the levels of IL‐6, IL‐1β and NO for the right microglial cells was statistically significant higher than the left (P < 0·05). Our results denote that enhanced production of IL‐6, IL‐1β and NO after LPS treatment in microglia is directly proportional to their basal‐state levels, and right cortical microglia produce higher levels of IL‐6, IL‐1β and NO than left cortical microglia. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Cadmium is one of the inflammation‐related xenobiotics and has been regarded as a potent carcinogen. Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (GJE) has been used to cure inflammation in Korean folk medicine for a long time. The purpose of present study is the inhibitory effect of glycoprotein isolated from GJE (27 kDa) on inflammation mechanism in cadmium chloride‐exposed ICR mice. We evaluated the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS), activities of anti‐oxidative enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and gluthathione peroxidase (GPx)], activities of c‐Jun N‐terminal protein kinase (JNK), heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27), activator protein (AP)‐1, nuclear factor (NF)‐κB and expression of inflammation‐related mediators including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐6 in cadmium chloride‐exposed ICR mice using immunoblot analysis, EMSA and RT‐PCR. It notes that mice plasma was used to measure ALT, LDH, and TBARS after treatment with cadmium chloride alone or cadmium chloride under the pretreatment with GJE glycoprotein. Liver tissues were used to assess activities of anti‐oxidant enzymes, SAPK/JNK, Hsp27, AP‐1, NF‐κB, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 in this study. The results obtained from this study revealed that GJE glycoprotein (10 mg/kg) decreased the levels of LDH, ALT and TBARS, whereas increased the activity of hepatic anti‐oxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx) in cadmium chloride‐exposed ICR mice. Moreover, it decreased the activity of JNK/AP‐1, NF‐κB, Hsp27, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α and IL‐6). Taken together, the results in this study suggest that GJE glycoprotein inhibits the expression of inflammation‐related cytokines (TNF‐α and IL‐6) in cadmium chloride‐exposed ICR mice. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 694–703, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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Objective: Obesity is associated with elevated oxidative stress and low‐grade systemic inflammation. We have demonstrated recently that 1α,25‐(OH)2‐D3 promotes reactive oxygen species production in cultured adipocytes, whereas suppression of 1α,25‐(OH)2‐D3 by increasing dietary calcium down‐regulates diet‐induced oxidative stress in aP2‐agouti transgenic mice. However, whether the anti‐obesity effect of dietary calcium plays a role in regulation of obesity‐associated inflammation is not clear. Research Methods and Procedures: We investigated the role of dietary calcium in the regulation of inflammatory cytokine production in aP2‐agouti transgenic mice fed low‐ and high‐calcium obesigenic diets and in the modulation of cytokine production by 1α,25‐(OH)2‐D3 in cultured murine and human adipocytes. Results: The high‐calcium diet inhibited the expression of pro‐inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin (IL)‐6 by 64% and 51%, respectively (p < 0.001), in visceral fat, stimulated the expression of the anti‐inflammatory factors IL‐15 and adiponectin by 52% (p = 0.001) and 54% (p = 0.025), respectively, in visceral fat, and induced a 2‐fold increase in IL‐15 expression in soleus muscle (p = 0.01) compared with litter mate controls on a low‐calcium diet. 1α,25‐(OH)2‐D3 also markedly stimulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor α (p < 0.001) and IL‐6 (p = 0.016) in differentiated 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and increased IL‐6 (p = 0.004) and IL‐8 (p < 0.001) production in differentiated human adipocytes. These effects were blocked by calcium channel antagonism with nifedipine. Discussion: These data demonstrate that 1α,25‐(OH)2‐D3 favors inflammatory cytokine expression and inhibits anti‐inflammatory cytokine expression; accordingly, suppression of 1α,25‐(OH)2‐D3 by dietary calcium inhibits adipocyte‐derived inflammation associated with obesity. 相似文献
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Effect of an acute moderate‐exercise session on metabolic and inflammatory profile of PPAR‐α knockout mice 下载免费PDF全文
Loreana S. Silveira Gustavo D. Pimentel Camila O. Souza Luana A. Biondo Alexandre Abílio S. Teixeira Edson A. Lima Helena A. P. Batatinha José C. Rosa Neto Fábio S. Lira 《Cell biochemistry and function》2017,35(8):510-517
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) play a major role in metabolism and inflammatory control. Exercise can modulate PPAR expression in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and macrophages. Little is known about the effects of PPAR‐α in metabolic profile and cytokine secretion after acute exercise in macrophages. In this context, the aim of this study was to understand the influence of PPAR‐α on exercise‐mediated immune metabolic parameters in peritoneal macrophages. Mice C57BL/6 (WT) and PPAR‐α knockout (KO) were examined in non‐exercising control (n = 4) or 24 hours after acute moderate exercise (n = 8). Metabolic parameters (glucose, non‐esterified fatty acids, total cholesterol [TC], and triacylglycerol [TG]) were assessed in serum. Cytokine concentrations (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, TNF‐α, and MCP‐1) were measured from peritoneal macrophages cultured or not with LPS (2.5 μg/mL) and Rosiglitazone (1 μM). Exercised KO mice exhibited low glucose concentration and higher TC and TG in serum. At baseline, no difference in cytokine production between the genotypes was observed. However, IL‐1β was significantly higher in KO mice after LPS stimulus. IL‐6 and IL‐1β had increased concentrations in KO compared with WT, even after exercise. MCP‐1 was not restored in exercised KO LPS group. Rosiglitazone was not able to reduce proinflammatory cytokine production in KO mice at baseline level or associated with exercise. Acute exercise did not alter mRNA expression in WT mice. Conclusion: PPAR‐α seems to be needed for metabolic glucose homeostasis and anti‐inflammatory effect of acute exercise. Its absence may induce over‐expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in LPS stimulus. Moreover, moderate exercise or PPAR‐γ agonist did not reverse this response. 相似文献
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Ibuprofen augments pro‐inflammatory cytokine release in a mouse model of Vibrio vulnificus infection
We evaluated the effects of ibuprofen on cytokine production and mortality in a mouse model of septic shock induced by Vibrio vulnificus, strain Chi Mei Vv05191. Ibuprofen (50 mg/kg) or saline (control) was given to female BALB/cByJ mice for three consecutive days before exposure to the pathogen. For cytokine production, serum and peritoneal fluid were assayed for IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and MIP‐2 by ELISA at 3, 6, and 9 hr after intraperitoneal infection of the organism. At 6 hr after infection, serum and peritoneal fluid levels of IL‐6, TNF‐α, and MIP‐2 were significantly higher in the ibuprofen group. For mortality determination, 73 mice (37 ibuprofen, 36 control) were injected intramuscularly with V. vulnificus. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were analyzed. Survival was significantly decreased by ibuprofen only for the lowest inoculum (25 CFU) of V. vulnificus. Administration of ibuprofen before infection may augment the pathogenesis of V. vulnificus by stimulating cytokine production. 相似文献
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Hideki Hirose Atsushi Sasaki Nana Ishii Masaru Sekijima Takahiro Iyama Toshio Nojima Yoshikazu Ugawa 《Bioelectromagnetics》2010,31(2):104-112
Given the widespread use of the cellular phone today, investigation of potential biological effects of radiofrequency (RF) fields has become increasingly important. In particular, much research has been conducted on RF effects on brain function. To examine any biological effects on the central nervous system (CNS) induced by 1950 MHz modulation signals, which are controlled by the International Mobile Telecommunication‐2000 (IMT‐2000) cellular system, we investigated the effect of RF fields on microglial cells in the brain. We assessed functional changes in microglial cells by examining changes in immune reaction‐related molecule expression and cytokine production after exposure to a 1950 MHz Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W‐CDMA) RF field, at specific absorption rates (SARs) of 0.2, 0.8, and 2.0 W/kg. Primary microglial cell cultures prepared from neonatal rats were subjected to an RF or sham field for 2 h. Assay samples obtained 24 and 72 h after exposure were processed in a blind manner. Results showed that the percentage of cells positive for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, which is the most common marker for activated microglial cells, was similar between cells exposed to W‐CDMA radiation and sham‐exposed controls. No statistically significant differences were observed between any of the RF field exposure groups and the sham‐exposed controls in percentage of MHC class II positive cells. Further, no remarkable differences in the production of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were observed between the test groups exposed to W‐CDMA signal and the sham‐exposed negative controls. These findings suggest that exposure to RF fields up to 2 W/kg does not activate microglial cells in vitro. Bioelectromagnetics 31:104–112, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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Sun QF Ding JG Sheng JF Zhu MH Li JJ Sheng ZK Tang XF 《Cell biochemistry and function》2011,29(8):673-678
The anti‐allergic drug, N‐(3,4‐dimethoxycinnamonyl) anthranilic acid (3,4‐DAA), is a synthetic anthranilic acid derivative that has been used therapeutically in Japan for many years. In this study, to investigate the effects of 3,4‐DAA in allograft immunorejection model, liver orthotopic transplants were performed using inbred male Dark Agouti donors and Lewis rat recipients (allografts). The levels of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenases (IDO) enzymic activities in five groups, allografts (control), dimethyl sulphoxide‐treated group (vehicle control), 200 mg·kg–1·day–1 of 3,4‐DAA‐treated group and 200 mg·kg–1·day–1 of 3,4‐DAA + 5 mg·ml–1 of 1‐methyl‐D‐tryptophan (1‐MT)‐treated group were confirmed by determination of L‐kynurenine (L‐Kyn) concentrations. The serum alanine aminotransferase levels in 3,4‐DAA‐treated rats significantly decreased compared with those in mock and control group, whereas treatment of 1‐MT in allografts led to the opposite effect. Administration of 3,4‐DAA reduced histological severity of allograft immunorejection, decreased serum levels of cytokines tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), and raised serum levels of interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), suggesting that 3,4‐DAA has both anti‐inflammatory and anti‐immunorejection properties through IDO in immune regulation and may therefore be useful in filling an unmet need, in the treatment of allograft immunorejection. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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β‐carotene suppresses Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide‐mediated cytokine production in THP‐1 monocytes cultured with high glucose condition 下载免费PDF全文
Yukari Kajiura Yasufumi Nishikawa Jung Hwan Lew Jun‐ichi Kido Toshihiko Nagata Koji Naruishi 《Cell biology international》2018,42(1):105-111
Periodontitis is associated with development of diabetes mellitus. Although lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a major pathogen of periodontitis, may lead the progression of diabetes complications, the precise mechanisms are unclear. We, therefore, investigated the effects of β‐carotene on production of Pg LPS‐induced inflammatory cytokines in human monocytes cultured high glucose (HG) condition. THP‐1 cells were cultured under 5.5 mM or 25 mM glucose conditions, and cells were stimulated with Pg LPS. To investigate the productivity of TNF‐α, IL‐6, and MCP‐1, cell supernatants were collected for ELISA. To examine the effects of NF‐kB signals on cytokine production, Bay11‐7082 was used. HG enhanced Pg LPS‐induced production of TNF‐α, IL‐6, and MCP‐1 via NF‐kB signals in THP‐1. β‐carotene suppressed the enhancement of the Pg LPS‐induced cytokine production in THP‐1 via NF‐κB inactivation. Our results suggest that β‐carotene might be a potential anti‐inflammatory nutrient for circulating Pg LPS‐mediated cytokine production in diabetic patients with periodontitis. 相似文献
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Immune imbalance of global gene expression,and cytokine,chemokine and selectin levels in the brains of offspring with social deficits via maternal immune activation 下载免费PDF全文
P.‐T. Hsueh H.‐H. Lin H.‐H. Wang C.‐L. Liu W.‐F. Ni J.‐K. Liu H.‐H. Chang D.‐S. Sun Y.‐S. Chen Y.‐L. Chen 《Genes, Brain & Behavior》2018,17(7)
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Yiyi Hu Xi Chen Huiqin Duan Yuanliang Hu Xiang Mu 《Cell biochemistry and function》2009,27(5):284-288
To investigate the pharmacological mechanism of the traditional Chinese medicine, Pulsatilla decoction (PD), the levels of nitric oxide (NO), endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α) secreted by cultured rat intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (RIMECs) were determined after treatment with PD and its seven active ingredients, namely anemoside B4, anemonin, berberine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, aesculin, and esculetin. RIMECs were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 1 µg ml?1 for 3 h and then treated with PD at 1, 5, and 10 mg ml?1 and its seven ingredients at 1, 5, and 10 µg ml?1 for 21 h, respectively. The results revealed that PD, anemonin, berberine, and esculetin inhibited the production of NO; PD, anemonin, and esculetin inhibited the secretion of ET‐1; PD, anemoside B4, berberine, jatrorrhizine, and aesculin downregulated TNF‐α expression; PD, anemoside B4, berberine, and palmatine decreased the content of IL‐1α. It showed that PD and its active ingredients could significantly inhibit the secretion of NO, ET‐1, TNF‐α, and IL‐1α in LPS‐induced RIMECs and suggested they would reduce inflammatory response via these cytokines. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), a pro‐inflammatory cytokine with a critical role in osteoarthritis (OA), was primarily produced by monocytes/macrophages and plays a crucial role in the inflammatory response. Here, we investigated the intracellular signaling pathways involved in TNF‐α‐induced monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1)/CCL2 expression in human synovial fibroblast cells. Stimulation of synovial fibroblasts (OASF) with TNF‐α induced concentration‐ and time‐dependent increases in CCL2 expression. TNF‐α‐mediated CCL2 production was attenuated by TNFR1 monoclonal antibody (Ab). Pretreatment with an apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) inhibitor (thioredoxin), JNK inhibitor (SP600125), p38 inhibitor (SB203580), or AP‐1 inhibitor (curcumin or tanshinone IIA) also blocked the potentiating action of TNF‐α. Stimulation of cells with TNF‐α enhanced ASK1, JNK, and p38 activation. Treatment of OASF with TNF‐α also increased the accumulation of phosphorylated c‐Jun in the nucleus, AP‐1‐luciferase activity, and c‐Jun binding to the AP‐1 element on the CCL2 promoter. TNF‐α‐mediated AP‐1‐luciferase activity and c‐Jun binding to the AP‐1 element were inhibited by TNFR1 Ab, thioredoxin, SP600125, and SB203580. Our results suggest that the interaction between TNF‐α and TNFR1 increases CCL2 expression in human synovial fibroblasts via the ASK1, JNK/p38, c‐Jun, and AP‐1 signaling pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3509–3519, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Naoto Burioka Masanori Miyata Yasushi Fukuoka Masahiro Endo Eiji Shimizu 《Chronobiology international》2013,30(5):827-834
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) causes intermittent hypoxia and increases in sympathetic activity and contributes to cardiovascular disorders. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is one of the important proinflammatory cytokines. We examined the levels of serum IL‐6 concentrations in nine patients with severe OSAS at four different clock times during the 24 h before and after three months of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Serum IL‐6 levels were significantly reduced after CPAP therapy by 46% (6.2±1.0 vs. 3.3±0.4 pg/ml, p<0.005). No significant 24 h variation of serum IL‐6 in severe OSAS patients was found before CPAP; however, a significant 24 h variation of serum IL‐6 was found after CPAP. Intermittent hypoxia during sleep may contribute to systemic inflammation and result in an elevation of serum IL‐6 in severe OSAS patients. 相似文献
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Interleukin‐1B 31 C>T polymorphism combined with Helicobacter pylori‐modified gastric cancer susceptibility: evidence from 37 studies 下载免费PDF全文
Zong Yang Shan‐Shan Yang Li‐Hong Bo Xiao‐Yun Shan Hui‐Jiao Wang Yi‐Jun Zhu Xue‐Song Wu 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2016,20(3):526-536
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Interleukin‐1‐beta (IL‐1β) is a pro‐inflammatory cytokine and potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. Some studies provided evidence of the association between IL‐1B 31 polymorphism and gastric cancer risk while other studies did not. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive meta‐analysis to reassess the association. A systematic literature search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases identified 37 studies with 6108 cases and 8980 controls for this meta‐analysis. The crude odd ratios (ORs) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the strength of the association. Meta‐regression was used to determine the major source of heterogeneity across the studies. The pooled analysis did not suggest the significant association of IL‐1B 31 C>T polymorphism with gastric cancer risk. Stratified analysis was performed by ethnicity, source of control, genotype method, and indicated a significantly increased gastric cancer risk associated with IL‐1B 31T variant in the population‐based subgroup (heterozygous model: OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.03–1.45). Moreover, stratified analysis by Helicobacter pylori infection status indicated that IL‐1B 31 polymorphism increased gastric cancer risk in infection‐positive subgroup (homozygous model: OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.02–1.78; heterozygous model: OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.04–1.66; recessive model: OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.04–1.61). The study suggested that IL‐1B 31 polymorphism might confer susceptibility to gastric cancer in the presence of H. pylori infection, indicating a gene–environment interaction in gastric carcinogenesis. 相似文献
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JG Hou JJ Xue MQ Sun CY Wang L Liu DL Zhang MR Lee LJ Gu CL Wang YB Wang Y Zheng W Li CK Sung 《Journal of applied microbiology》2012,113(4):807-814
Aims
This study examined the biotransformation pathway of ginsenoside Rb1 by the fungus Esteya vermicola CNU 120806.Methods and Results
Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rd were extracted from the root of Panax ginseng. Liquid fermentation and purified enzyme hydrolysis were employed to investigate the biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1. The metabolites were identified and confirmed using NMR analysis as gypenoside XVII and gypenoside LXXV. A mole yield of 95·4% gypenoside LXXV was obtained by enzymatic conversion (pH 5·0, temperature 50°C). Ginsenoside Rd was used to verify the transformation pathway under the same reaction condition. The product Compound K (mole yield 49·6%) proved a consecutive hydrolyses occurred at the C‐3 position of ginsenoside Rb1.Conclusions
Strain CNU 120806 showed a high degree of specific β‐glucosidase activity to convert ginsenosides Rb1 and Rd to gypenoside LXXV and Compound K, respectively. The maximal activity of the purified glucosidase for ginsenosides transformation occurred at 50°C and pH 5·0. Compared with its activity against pNPG (100%), the β‐glucosidase exhibited quite lower level of activity against other aryl‐glycosides. Enzymatic hydrolysate, gypenoside LXXV and Compound K were produced by consecutive hydrolyses of the terminal and inner glucopyranosyl moieties at the C‐3 carbon of ginsenoside Rb1 and Rd, giving the pathway: ginsenoside Rb1→ gypenoside XVII → gypenoside LXXV; ginsenoside Rd→F2→Compound K, but did not hydrolyse the 20‐C, β‐(1‐6)‐glucoside of ginsenoside Rb1 and Rd.Significance and Impact of the Study
The results showed an important practical application on the preparation of gypenoside LXXV. Additionally, this study for the first time provided a high efficient preparation method for gypenoside LXXV without further conversion, which also gives rise to a potential commercial enzyme application. 相似文献20.
Y.‐R. Lim R.‐Y. Yoon E.‐S. Seo Y.‐S. Kim C.‐S. Park D.‐K. Oh 《Journal of applied microbiology》2010,109(4):1188-1197
Aims: To characterize of a thermostable recombinant α‐l ‐arabinofuranosidase from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus for the hydrolysis of arabino‐oligosaccharides to l ‐arabinose. Methods and Results: A recombinant α‐l ‐arabinofuranosidase from C. saccharolyticus was purified by heat treatment and Hi‐Trap anion exchange chromatography with a specific activity of 28·2 U mg?1. The native enzyme was a 58‐kDa octamer with a molecular mass of 460 kDa, as measured by gel filtration. The catalytic residues and consensus sequences of the glycoside hydrolase 51 family of α‐l ‐arabinofuranosidases were completely conserved in α‐l ‐arabinofuranosidase from C. saccharolyticus. The maximum enzyme activity was observed at pH 5·5 and 80°C with a half‐life of 49 h at 75°C. Among aryl‐glycoside substrates, the enzyme displayed activity only for p‐nitrophenyl‐α‐l ‐arabinofuranoside [maximum kcat/Km of 220 m(mol l?1)?1 s?1] and p‐nitrophenyl‐α‐l ‐arabinopyranoside. This substrate specificity differs from those of other α‐l ‐arabinofuranosidases. In a 1 mmol l?1 solution of each sugar, arabino‐oligosaccharides with 2–5 monomer units were completely hydrolysed to l ‐arabinose within 13 h in the presence of 30 U ml?1 of enzyme at 75°C. Conclusions: The novel substrate specificity and hydrolytic properties for arabino‐oligosaccharides of α‐l ‐arabinofuranosidase from C. saccharolyticus demonstrate the potential in the commercial production of l ‐arabinose in concert with endoarabinanase and/or xylanase. Significance and Impact of the Study: The findings of this work contribute to the knowledge of hydrolytic properties for arabino‐oligosaccharides performed by thermostable α‐l ‐arabinofuranosidase. 相似文献