Nervilia pangteyana sp. nov., a terrestrial orchid from western Himalaya,India

Nervilia pangteyana J. S. Jalal, Kumar & G. S. Rawat (Orchidaceae), a new species from western Himalaya (Uttarakhand), India is described, illustrated and compared with its closest relative. In addition, a key is given to distinguish between species of Nervilia in the western Himalayas.     

Caecomyces sympodialis sp. nov., a new rumen fungus isolated from Bos indicus

A new anaerobic rumen fungus was isolated from the rumen fluid of a yellow cow (Bos indicus). This fungus appears to be a previously undescribed species of the genus Caecomyces, it possessing uniflagellate zoospores, a spherical holdfast, tubular sporangiophores and bulbous rhizoids. This new fungus also features distinctive multisporangiate thallus sympodially distributed on sporangiophores. The fungus resembles Caecomyces communis and C. equi in that it characterizes bulbous rhizoids and uniflagellate zoospores but differs from C. communis and C. equi in that it possesses multisporangiate and sympodial sporangia. This new fungus and Cyllamyces aberensis both reveal similar morphology during early thallus development in having a spherical holdfast, but they vary from unbranched sporangiophores and additional bulbous rhizoids. In addition, the molecular phylogenetic analyses ITS1 (internal transcribed spacer 1) also conform to the results of the morphological examinations of Caecomyces. For the mentioned reasons, this new species of fungus is described as Caecomyces sympodialis sp. nov. The genera of Neocallimasticaceae and species of Caecomyces are also keyed out.     

Agromyces indicus sp. nov., isolated from mangroves sediment in Chorao Island, Goa, India

A Gram-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium strain NIO-1018(T) isolated from a mangrove sediment sample of the Chorao Island, Goa, India, was subjected to a detailed polyphasic taxonomic study. The strain designated as NIO-1018(T) matched with most of the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties of the genus Agromyces and represents a novel species. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1018(T) fell within the cluster comprising species of the genus Agromyces, clustering with Agromyces soli (98.1 %), Agromyces flavus (97.9 %), Agromyces aurantiacus (97.7 %) and Agromyces ulmi (97.3 %). The predominant menaquinone was MK-12, and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0), iso-C(16:0), anteiso-C(17:0) and iso-C(15:0). The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain NIO-1018(T) was 71.8 mol%. The combination of phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA relatedness, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic data supported the view that strain NIO-1018(T) represents a novel species of the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces indicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NIO-1018 (=JCM 17573(T) = CCTCC AB2011122(T)).     

Sonerila janakiana sp. nov., a stoloniferous species of Melastomataceae from India

Sonerila janakiana, a new tuberous, scapigerous and stoloniferous species of Melastomataceae collected from exposed wet rocks of evergreen and semi evergreen forests in the Nilgiris and Wayanad districts of Tamil Nadu and Kerala states on the Western Ghats in India is described and illustrated. Apart from other characteristics, it is distinguished from all hitherto known species of the genus in India by having stolons and dimorphic leaves. The stolons produced from tubers terminate and develop into new tubers producing new plants.     

Periconia variicolor sp. nov., a new species from Puerto Rico

Periconia variicolor was isolated from water of an evaporation pond used for salt production on the southwestern coast of Puerto Rico. On the basis of cultural and morphological characteristics and ITS sequence it is describe as a new species of Periconia.     

Arcobacter molluscorum sp. nov., a new species isolated from shellfish

Nineteen bacteria isolates recovered from shellfish samples (mussels and oysters) showed a new and specific 16S rDNA-RFLP pattern with an Arcobacter identification method designed to recognize all species described up to 2008. These results suggested that they could belong to a new species. ERIC-PCR revealed that the 19 isolates belonged to 3 different strains. The sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of a representative strain (F98-3^T) showed 97.6% similarity with the closest species Arcobacter marinus followed by Arcobacter halophilus (95.6%) and Arcobacter mytili (94.7%). The phylogenetic analysis with the16S rRNA, rpoB, gyrB and hsp60 genes placed the shellfish strains within the same cluster as the three species mentioned (also isolated from saline habitats) but they formed an independent phylogenetic line. The DDH results between strain F98-3^T and A. marinus (54.8% ± 1.05), confirmed that it represents a new species. Several biochemical tests differentiated the shellfish isolates from all other Arcobacter species. Although the new species was different from A. mytili, they shared not only the same habitat (mussels) but also the characteristic of being so far the only Arcobacter species that are simultaneously negative for urea and indoxyl acetate hydrolysis. All results supported the classification of the shellfish strains as a new species, for which the name Arcobacter molluscorum sp. nov. with the type strain F98-3^T is proposed (=CECT 7696^T = LMG 25693^T).     

Herminiimonas aquatilis sp. nov., a new species from drinking water

A bacterial strain (CCUG 36956T) isolated from drinking water was taxonomically studied in detail. Phylogenetic analyses using the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate indicated that it belongs to family Oxalobacteraceae of the beta-subclass of the Proteobacteria, with the highest sequence similarity of 99.3% to the type strain of Herminiimonas fonticola. In the polyamine pattern putrescine and 2-hydroxyputrescine were the predominant compounds. In the polar lipid profile major compounds were phosphatidyl ethanolamine and diphosphatidyl glycerol. Phosphatidyl glycerol and an unknown phospholipid were detected in moderate proportions. The major respiratory quinone was a ubiquinone Q-8 and the major whole cell fatty acids were 16:1 omega7c, 17:1 omega6c, and 16:0. The strain also contained 10:0 3-OH and other fatty acids typical for members of the genus Herminiimonas. The results of DNA-DNA hybridizations and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain CCUG 36956T from H. fonticola. For this reason, we propose that strain CCUG 36956T represents a new species of the genus Herminiimonas for which we propose the name Herminiimonas aquatilis sp. nov.     

Picrorhiza tungnathii sp. nov. from western Himalaya,India

The new species Picrorhiza tungnathii Pusalkar is described and illustrated from the western Himalaya, India. It is distinguished from the allied P. kurrooa Royle ex Benth. by being 10–25 cm tall, having a moderately dense, (10–)15–25‐flowered spike, a zygomorphic, 2‐lipped, glandular‐ciliate corolla that is equaling or slightly exceeding the calyx and partly visible or sub‐exserted between the calyx lobes, a conspicuously long (longer than the corolla lobes), curved corolla tube (1/2–4/5 the length of the calyx), unequal corolla lobes that are ovate‐lanceolate to lanceolate, acute to sub‐acuminate and moderately ciliate, a mid‐lobe of the upper lip that is obliquely erect, galeate with retuse or emarginate apex, lateral corolla lobes that are slightly smaller than the mid‐lobe of the upper lip, a lower corolla lip that is slightly shorter than the lateral lobes, obliquely erect or spreading, didynamous, long‐exserted (2–3 times the corolla) stamens, pollen of the Paederota‐type and a style that is 2–3 times as long as the corolla.     

Chlorolepiota indica sp. nov.—A new species from India

A new species Chlorolepiota indica is reported from Patiala in Punjab, India. The fungus is characterized by convex brown pileus covered by concentrically arranged brown scales with yellow tinge around the umbo. The stipe of the fruiting body is cream to pale yellow, pinkish to reddish brown near the pileus, and yellowish to dark grey brown towards the base.     

Polycephalomyces lianzhouensis sp. nov., a new species,co-occurs with Ophiocordyceps crinalis

A new species from Guangdong Province in south China, Polycephalomyces lianzhouensis, is described and illustrated here; this species was found to co-occur with Ophiocordyceps crinalis. The phylogenetic position of this species was investigated according to morphological features and phylogenetic inferences based on the nrSSU, nrLSU, tef1, rpb1, and ITS gene sequences. Results demonstrated that P. lianzhouensis was highly associated with P. ramosopulvinatus but could be distinguished from the latter using the sequences of rpb1, nrLSU, and ITS gene and the features of much smaller stromata and perithecia and longer part-spores.     

Coprobacillus catenaformis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new genus and species isolated from human feces

Three strains of Eubacterium-like isolates from human feces were characterized by biochemical tests and 16S rDNA analysis. The phenotypic characteristics of the three strains resembled those of the genus Collinsella transferred from the genus Eubacterium recently. However, Eubacterium-like strains were phylogenetically members of the Clostridium subphylum of gram-positive bacteria, and these showed a specific phylogenetic association with Clostridium ramosum and C. spiroforme. C. ramosum and C. spiroforme are gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacteria that belong to the genus Clostridium, and the G + C contents are 26.0 and 27.4 mol%, respectively. However, the three Eubacterium-like strains had G + C contents of 32.1 to 33.1 mol% and were non-spore-forming rods. Based on phenotypic characteristics, we can differentiate these species, and furthermore, a 16S rDNA sequence divergence of greater than 9% with a new related genus, Coprobacillus, is proposed for the three strains, with one species, Coprobacillus catenaformis. The type strain of C. catenaformis is JCM 10604T.     

Eight new species of the genus Micromonospora, Micromonospora citrea sp. nov., Micromonospora echinaurantiaca sp. nov., Micromonospora echinofusca sp. nov. Micromonospora fulviviridis sp. nov., Micromonospora inyonensis sp. nov., Micromonospora peucetia sp. nov., Micromonospora sagamiensis sp. nov., and Micromonospora viridifaciens sp. nov

A previous phylogenetic study on type strains of the genus Micromonospora and Micromonospora species bearing non-validly published names has pointed towards the species status of several of latter strains. Subsequent studies on morphological, cultural, chemotaxonomic, metabolic, and genomic properties, and on whole cell mass spectrometric analyses by matrix adsorbed laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) confirmed the species status, leading to the proposal of eight new Micromonospora species: Micromonospora citrea sp. nov., type strain DSM 43903T, Micromonospora echinaurantiaca sp. nov., type strain DSM 43904T, Micromonospora echinofusca sp. nov., type strain DSM 43913T, Micromonospora fulviviridis sp. nov., type strain DSM 43906T, Micromonospora inyonensis sp. nov., type strain DSM 46123T, Micromonospora peucetia sp. nov., type strain DSM 43363T, Micromonospora sagamiensis sp. nov., type strain DSM 43912T and Micromonospora viridifaciens sp. nov., type strain DSM 43909T.     

Nonomuraea candida sp. nov., a new species from South African soil

A novel actinomycete, strain HMC10^T, was isolated from a soil sample taken from the banks of the Gamka River in the Swartberg Nature Reserve, Western Cape Province, South Africa. Strain HMC10^T was identified as a member of the genus Nonomuraea by a polyphasic approach. Strain HMC10^T could be differentiated from other members of the genus Nonomuraea on the basis of physiology and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. DNA-DNA hybridization further differentiated strain HMC10^T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour, Nonomuraea turkmeniaca NRRL B-16246^T (4.5 ± 3.8% DNA relatedness). Strain HMC10^T exhibited weak antibiosis against Mycobacterium aurum A+, but none against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv^T. The name Nonomuraea candida is proposed, with the type strain HMC10^T (= DSM 45086^T = NRRL B-24552^T). The GenBank accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of Nonomuraea candida HMC10^T is DQ285421.     

Fusarium sinensis sp. nov., a new species from wheat in China

Two strains of Fusarium sinensis sp. nov. were isolated from the seeds and roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Shandong Province, China. They are superficially similar to F. dlaminii in producing fusiform-to-reniform and napiform microconidia and chlamydospores in almost the same size range as F. dlaminii. However the colonies and chlamydospores of F. sinensis resemble those of species in sections Roseum, Gibbosum and Discolor. Phylogenetic analysis of partial translation elongation factor 1alpha (EF-1alpha) sequence data indicates that F. sinensis is closely related to but distinct from the F. avenaceum/F. tricinctum/F. acuminatum species complex.     

Macrolepiota subcitrophylla sp. nov., a new species with yellowish lamellae from southwest China

Macrolepiota subcitrophylla sp. nov. is described from Yunnan and Hunan Provinces, China. Morphologically, it is characterized by its yellowish lamellae, relatively small, ovoid to subamygdaliform-ellipsoid, dextrinoid basidiospores with distinct germ pore, narrowly clavate, clavate to subfusiform cheilocystidia, and a pileus covering composed of a trichoderm of subcylindrical hyphae. Sequences from the internal transcribed spacer region show that M. subcitrophylla is distinct from all other Macrolepiota species tested, suggesting it is a taxon close to M. clelandii, a species originally described from Australia.     

Description of Saccharomyces turicensis sp. nov., a new species from kefyr.

The new species Saccharomyces turicensis sp. nov. isolated from different kefyr grains is described. Although its morphological properties differ, its physiological characteristics come close to those of Saccharomyces bayanus Saccardo and Saccharomyces pastorianus Reess ex E. C. Hansen. However, electrophoretic karyotyping and restriction fragment length polymorphism of the internal transcribed spacer region yield clear differences. Sequences (270 nucleotides) of the D2 domain at the 5'-terminal end of the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene reveal 98.0% identity with Saccharomyces exiguus. Since strains of a particular yeast species usually show less than 1% substitution in the D2 domain, the yeast in question is considered to be a new species. The name Saccharomyces turicensis is proposed indicating the place Zürich (Turicum in Latin) where the yeast had been isolated.     

Arcobacter bivalviorum sp. nov. and Arcobacter venerupis sp. nov., new species isolated from shellfish

A group of ten Arcobacter isolates (Gram negative, slightly curved motile rods, oxidase positive) was recovered from mussels (nine) and from clams (one). These isolates could not be assigned to any known species using the molecular identification methods specific for this genus (16S rDNA-RFLP and m-PCR). The aim of this study is to establish the taxonomic position of these isolates. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of mussel strain F4(T) to the type strains of all other Arcobacter species ranged from 91.1% to 94.8%. The species most similar to the clams' strain F67-11(T) were Arcobacter defluvii (CECT 7697(T), 97.1%) and Arcobacter ellisii (CECT 7837(T), 97.0%). On the basis of phylogenetic analyses with 16S rRNA, rpoB, gyrB and hsp60 genes, the mussel and clam strains formed two different, new lineages within the genus Arcobacter. These data, together with their different phenotypic characteristics and MALDI-TOF mass spectra, revealed that these strains represent two new species, for which the names Arcobacter bivalviorum (type strain F4(T)=CECT 7835(T)=LMG 26154(T)) and Arcobacter venerupis (type strain F67-11(T)=CECT 7836(T)=LMG 26156(T)) are proposed.     

Leucobacter chromiireducens sp. nov, and Leucobacter aridicollis sp. nov., two new species isolated from a chromium contaminated environment

Two strains designated strains L-1^T and L-9^T were isolated from activated sludge of a treatment plant that receives wastewater from the tannery industry contaminated with chromium. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the organisms represented two new species of the genus Leucobacter. Strains L-1^T and L-9^T could be distinguished from the type strain of L. komagatae and from the type strain of “L. albus” by the B-type peptidoglycan composition, fatty acid composition, several phenotypic and physiological characteristics. The major fatty acids of the organisms were iso- and anteiso-branched C15:0 and C17:0, straight-chain C16:0 was also found in relatively high proportions. The organisms were halotolerant, grew in medium containing 9% NaCl, and all strains, including the type strain of L. komagatae grew in medium containing 5 mM Cr(VI). On the basis of the distinct peptidoglycan composition, 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis, percentage of DNA-DNA reassociation values, and phenotypic characteristics we are of the opinion that strain L-1^T represents a new species of the genus Leucobacter for which we propose the name Leucobacter chromiireducens and that strain L-9^T represents an additional new species of the same genus for which we propose the name Leucobacter aridicollis.