籼型光敏核不育水稻育性可转换性的基因定位和基因互作研究

本研究以来源于农垦58S的灿型光敏核不育系培矮64S（短日条件下育性难转换）和8902S（短日条件下育性蝗转换）及其F1,F2群体为材料,通过短日不同光温和不同生态条件4种处理,利用RFLP分子标记研究了影响光敏偿育水稻在短日条件下的育性可转换性的遗传,基因定位和基因互作,主要结果表明：影响光敏不育水稻的育性可转换性表现为微效基因的作用,定位了7个控制光敏核不育水稻的育性可转换性QTL,即S2,S3a,S3b,S5,S8和S10,揭示了基因互作真实存在于光敏核不育水稻中,基因互作形式和互作类型对光敏核不育水稻的育性可转换性的影响表现多种多样,不同类型的基因互作所解释的遗传变异处于2．15％－10．07％之间。     

籼型光敏核不育水稻育性可转换性的基因定位和基因互作研究

本研究以来源于农垦58S的籼型光敏核不育系培矮64S(短日条件下育性难转换)和8902S(短日条件下育性易转换)及其F１、F２群体为材料,通过短日不同光温和不同生态条件4种处理,利用RFLP分子标记研究了影响光敏核不育水稻在短日条件下的育性可转换性的遗传、基因定位和基因互作,主要结果表明：影响光敏核不育水稻的育性可转换性表现为微效基因的作用,定位了7个控制光敏核不育水稻的育性可转换性QTL,即S2、S3a、S3b、S5、S8和S10。揭示了基因互作真实存在于光敏核不育水稻中,基因互作形式和互作类型对光敏核不育水稻的育性可转换性的影响表现多种多样,不同类型的基因互作所解释的遗传变异处于2.15%～10.07%之间。     

短光低温不育水稻不育性的遗传观察

用若干常规品种与短光低温不育水稻宜ＤＩＳ配组,考察双亲及Ｆ１在自然低温影响前后的花粉育性,并于不育系稳定不育期间调查Ｆ２及Ｆ３的育性分离。结果表明：（１）低温是影响双亲及Ｆ１育性稳定性的重要生态因子;（２）Ｆ１的育性稳定性除与父本的育性稳定性有关外,可能尚与其他因素有关,这种育性稳定性表现是由可遗传因子决定的;（３）短光低温不育特性基本上符合２对独立主基因控制的遗传模式,但可能尚受到众多微效基因的     

湖北光敏感核不育水稻不育性的遗传规律

本文选用5个常规粳稻品种和3小光敏感核不育系与湖北光敏感核不育水稻农垦58S杂交,用花粉育性、套袋自交结实率、自然结实率和大田目测4种育性指标同时鉴定同一植株育性,观察分析杂种后代在长日下植株育性的表现。结果表明：光敏核不育水稻不育性的遗传行为表现为受1对隐性主基因控制,不同的遗传背景对不育性的遗传行为表现有不同程度的影响。     

光温条件对短光低温不育水稻育性转换的影响

短光低温不育水稻是一类与长光高温不育水稻育性转换特性相反的新种质,通过对分期播种材料自然条件下的育性及人工短光处理后的育性比较分析表明,宜DIS的光敏期为第一苞分化期至第二次枝梗原基和小穗原基分化期（幼穗分化I－III期）,在常温下光敏期的短日处理可使育性趋于不育,但在高温下光敏期短日不育效应被削弱,宜DIS的花粉育性在高,低温作用下育性的均出现下降,根据高,低温影响育性的资料分析得到的敏感期基本一致,即花粉母细胞形成期至花粉内容物充实期（幼穗分化V－Ⅶ期）。     

温度对两系杂交水稻育性恢复的影响

以培矮64S/南京11F1和N58S/FL235F1及F2代为材料,在武汉夏季（7～8月）自然长日下进行了日平均温度为低温（24℃）,中温（27℃）和高温（30℃）处理,研究了两类不同恢复基因表达的温度敏感性差异。结果表明：在自然长日高温和中温条件下,其F1代平均自然结实率均高于68.75%,南京11可完全恢复培矮64S的光敏核不育性。在自然长日高温下,FL235不能完全恢复N58S的光敏核不育性,其F1代平均自然结实率为21.93%～26.75%。在自然中温条件下,其F1代平均自然结实率为46.36%～48.38%,FL235可以恢复N58S的光敏核不育性,进一步分析表明,温度仅影响培矮64S/南京F2育性分布方式和南京11光敏核不育恢复基因表达程度,并不影响恢复育基因的遗传方式,而FL235恢复基因表达对高温敏感,其临界温度约为27℃,温度同时影响光敏恢复基因的遗传互作和表达方式。     

光敏核不育水稻恢复基因对数和等位性研究

以不同遗传背景和熟期的９个粳型恢复系相互间和与农垦５８Ｓ配制杂交组合,１９９７～１９９９年研究了农垦５８Ｓ光敏核不育基因的遗传规律。结果表明,供试恢复系均携带恢复农垦５８Ｓ光敏核不育性的１对或２对主效显性基因。Ｔ９８４和农垦５８的１对主效恢复基因等位。其它７个恢复系携带２对等位的主效恢复基因,暗示农垦５８Ｓ的光敏核不育性涉及到２对隐性基因,遗传背景仅影响微效基因的表达和分离。     

光敏核不育水稻农垦58S 41 kD蛋白质的N—端序列分析

光敏核不育性受1对或2对或3对隐性主基因控制,这反应了光敏核不育特性遗传机制的复杂性。张端品等用形态标记法将农垦58S光敏核不育基因定位于第5染色体。胡学应和万邦惠用同工酶法以农垦58S/02428 F_2群体为材料,将光敏核不育基因定位于第6和11染色体;Zhang等用RFLP法以32001S/明恢63 F_2群体为材料将不育基因定位于第3和7染色体。这三种方法所得到的定位结果完全不同,综合起来,第3、5、6、7和11染色体均有光敏核不育基因的位点,由此结果可得出两种解释:1.光敏核不育性由多对基因、至少5对基因控制;2.上述定位方法均是以不育(可育)性状在F_2群体中的分离模式为依据,育性划分界线的不同将会造成分离群体中单株表现值的差异,从而影响定位结果的精确性;再者不同实验室使用的材料不一致,已知不同遗传背景和光温条件影响光敏核不育基因的表达。因此,染色体定位结果有待确证。光敏核不育基因在染色体上定位的复杂性和不一致在某种程度上影响了基因克隆和光敏核不育分子机制的研究。无论光敏核不育性的遗传机制如何复杂,上述结果     

水稻光(温)敏核不育系与核质互作不育系的遗传关系剖析

1991─1992年,分析了7个光(温)敏核不育系与15 个核质互作不育系杂交F1及部分F2植株在长日照和短日照条件下的育性表现,结果清楚地表明,有些光敏核不育系能够保持核质互作不育系的雄性不育性,有些光(温)敏核不育系则能够恢复或部分恢复; 有些光敏核不育系对某一核质互作不育系具有保持能力,对另一核质互作不育系则具有恢复能力; 并初步推测光(温)敏核不育基因与核质互作不育基因是独立发生的,当核质互作不育系中细胞质和细胞核的隐性不育基因一起作用时,能够掩盖光(温)敏不育基因及其育性恢复基因的表达。     

水稻光温敏不育基因研究概况

光温敏雄性核不育水稻的花粉育性受日照长度或温度的调控,在长日、高温条件下表现不育,短日、低温条件下表现可育.水稻这一特性的发现使得人们可以利用其进行‘两系法'杂交稻育种来补充传统的‘三系法'杂交育种体系.水稻光温敏核不育基因的研究对于'两系法'杂交稻育种的利用研究至关重要.主要对光温敏核不育基因的遗传规律分析、基因的定位研究进展以及DAN分子标记在基因定位中的应用等方面进行了综述.     

A new method for the production of sterile colonies of Lucilia sericata

Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) refers to the use of blowfly larvae to clean or debride an infected wound. Most commonly, larvae of Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are used, and are sterilized prior to use to ensure no further bacterial infections are introduced during treatment. Current methods sterilize eggs from laboratory‐reared blowfly colonies, after which sterile early second instar maggots can be provided to hospitals for use in treatment. Maggots not required for treatment are used for colony regeneration, in which sterility is not maintained. The ability to maintain sterility beyond this would allow further research into fly–bacteria interactions and the effects of different bacteria on the blowfly lifecycle. This study aimed to produce a colony of sterile adults, using current egg sterilization practice, but maintaining sterility through to pupation and emergence. The production of a sterile colony allows further research into the impact of bacteria on fly development and survival. Eggs were placed on a sterile food source within autoclaved plant tissue culture containers to allow growth under sterile conditions. Nutrient agar plating of sterilized and non‐sterilized eggs, larvae and adults (post‐emergence), as well as the pupation medium and feed source in nutrient broth confirmed the aerobic sterility of all samples involved. The lifecycle of L. sericata was successfully completed through pupation to emergence with no effects on lifespan or oviposition by the newly emerged, sterile adult colony.     

上位性对光敏核不育水稻不育性不稳定性的影响

In this study the authors selected two indica photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile (PSGMS) rice (Oryza sativa L.), Peiai 64S (the sterility is stable) and 8902S (the sterility is instable), and their F1,F2 populations. The genetic basis for sterile stability of PSGMS lines was studied under long-day low-temperature environments and different ecological conditions, and the genes which affected the sterile stability were mapped using RFLP analysis. The major results are as follows: The sterility instability of PSGMS lines was controlled by minor effective genes. The linkage map of Peiai 64S and 8902S has been constructed. According to Mapmaker/QTL program, seven QTLs were identified that influence the sterile stability for PSGMS lines under the long-day condition, such as L2, L3a, L3b, L5, L6, L7 and L10. They were located on the chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 10 of the rice linkage map, respectively. The interaction was detected under different long-day conditions and affected the sterility stability of PSGMS. The major interactions were between additive and additive and between additive and dominance. The variances explained of epistasis were between 2.04% and 11.94%. The repeatability of the interaction was very high under different long-day conditions. The implications of these findings in hybrid rice development are also discussed.     

The inflammasome: in memory of Dr. Jurg Tschopp

A decade ago, Jurg Tschopp introduced the concept of the inflammasome. This exciting discovery of a macromolecular complex that senses 'danger' and initiates the inflammatory response contributed to a renaissance in the fields of innate immunity and cell death. Jurg led the biochemical characterization of the inflammasome complex and demonstrated that spontaneous hyperactivation of this interleukin (IL)-1β processing machinery is the molecular basis of a spectrum of hereditary periodic fever syndromes, caused by mutated forms of the inflammasome scaffolding receptor, NLRP3. The identification of the underlying mechanism in these disorders has led to their now successful therapy, with the use of the IL-1 receptor antagonist in the clinic. Jurg's pioneering work has subsequently defined a number of inflammasome agonists ranging from microbial molecules expressed during infection, to triggers of sterile inflammation, most notably gout-associated uric acid crystals, asbestos, silica and nanoparticles. More recently, Jurg introduced the critical new concept of the metabolic inflammasome, which senses metabolic stress and contributes to the onset of the metabolic syndrome associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Jurg was an outstanding and skillful biochemist, an elegant and rigorous researcher often far ahead of his peers. He was a truly amiable person, fair, generous and inspiring, and will be most remembered for his infectious enthusiasm. We write this review article on the inflammasome in his honor and dedicate it to his memory.     

茄子雄性不育系花粉败育的细胞学观察

以种间杂交创建的茄子雄性不育系为试材,采用形态学和细胞学观察对其花药形态、败育发生时期和机理进行了研究。结果表明：根据花药形态茄子雄性不育系材料可被划分为退化型、瓣化型和中间型3种类型;前期Ⅰ是3类不育系雄性败育发生的关键时期,绒毡层结构与功能异常可能是导致3类材料雄性败育的共性原因,减数分裂异常为败育的中间过程。花药瓣化类型不育材料在败育时期上表现出多样性,多糖类营养物质转运受阻也可能是其发生雄性败育的原因之一。     

Reverse signaling through the Co-Stimulatory Ligand, CD137L, as a critical mediator of sterile inflammation

CD137 (also called 4-1BB and TNFRSF9) has recently received attention as a therapeutic target for cancer and a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Stimulating CD137 in vivo enhances CD8(+) T cell-activity and results in strong immunosuppression in some contexts. This paradoxical phenomenon may be partially explained by the ability of CD137-stimulating reagents (usually agonistic monoclonal antibodies against CD137) to overactivate T cells and other CD137-expressing cells. This over-activity is associated with deleting pathogenic T cells and B cells or generating a tolerogenic microenvironment. Recent studies, however, suggest that the biology of CD137 and its ligand (CD137L) are more complex, mainly due to bidirectional signaling between CD137 and CD137L. For example, signaling through CD137L in non-hematopoietic cells such as epithelial cells and endothelial cells has been shown to play an essential role in sterile inflammation by regulating immune cell recruitment. One outstanding, and clinically important, issue is understanding how bidirectional signaling through CD137 and CD137L controls the vicious cycle of sterile inflammation (e.g., ischemia-reperfusion tissue injury and meta-inflammatory diseases).     

植物雄性不育基因的研究进展

本文概述了植物雄性核不育基因的分子标记及其定位,综述了植物细胞质雄性不育中不育系与保持系在叶绿体和线粒体基因组的结构、转录和翻译产物方面的差异以及和雄性不育之间的可能关系,以及恢复系中的恢复基因分子水平的研究现状;讨论了环境条件光周期和温度对雄性不育的影响在分子水平上的研究现状,指出了植物雄性不育基因研究方面存在的问题和解决贩思路。     

小鼠着丝粒DNA探针对流式仪分选微核的染色体组成的初步研究

本文报道用作者建立的流式细胞仪红细胞微核自动检测技术,将染色体断裂剂丝裂霉素C(MMC)和非整倍体毒剂秋水仙碱(COM)诱导的大量微核分选在载玻片上,然后使用小鼠着丝粒γ-卫星DNA探针(约为234bp),对分选微核进行荧光原位杂交(FISH),以显示微核(MN)内着丝粒的情况,进而判定M N是由整条染色体还是由染色体断片组成。结果MN内着丝粒荧光阳性比例为COM50.1%,MMC 22.3%。两者相差显著,藉此方法可以准确有效地将两类毒剂区分开。 Abstract:Basis on auther’s new automatic flow cytometric technique for micronuclei,a lot micronuclei induced by clastogen Mitomycin C and aneugen colcemid were collected on slides using sorting function of flow cytometry,them the centromere Gamma satellite DNA probes of mouse (about 234bp) was used to do in situ hybridization for micronuclei,furthermore,the kinetochores of micronuclei can be showed,and the micronuclei which consist of the whole chromosomes or the chromosome fragments,can also be indicated.The results showed that 50.1% MN induced by COM and 22.3% MN induced by MMC had the positive fluorescent singles.There are significant difference between them,this means it is possible to distinglish clastogens and aneugens exactly and effectively with this method.     

Evaluation of dyes for marking painted apple moths (Teia anartoides Walker, Lep. Lymantriidae) used in a sterile insect release program

Abstract  Two methods of marking painted apple moth ( Teia anartoides Walker, Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), internal and external dyes, were investigated for use with the sterile insect technique, to ensure that wild and released moths could be distinguished absolutely during the eradication program. Calco Red dye was used to mark all moths internally. It was added to artificial diet and was detectable in the adults. Dye was incorporated into the larval diet at four rates. No differences were observed in mortality of the larvae, fertility of the adult female or response of male moths to virgin females in a flight tunnel. Fluorescent powder dyes were used throughout the sterile insect program to identify irradiated moths, as well as their release location and colony. However, the powdered dyes reduced the ability of male moths to detect a component of the sex pheromone in electro-antennogram tests and to respond to a calling virgin female in flight tunnel trials. Field trials suggest that moths may subsequently overcome these negative effects and respond to female moths, as moths heavily coated in dye were recaptured.     

大白菜雄性不育系88—3花药和花粉发育的细胞形态学观察

大白菜雄怀不育两用系88－3的不育株,其开花时花药内无花粉粒,败育从小孢子母细胞至二核花粉粒皆有发生,高峰期在末期Ⅱ前后,小孢子母细胞不能进入减数分裂和小孢子母细胞不能完成减数分裂及孢子不能正常发育是雄性败育的主要形式;败育一旦发生便是急剧而彻底地解体或凝聚成一团是败育的共同点,中层组织、绒毡层组织及药隔维管束异常均是雄性败育的因素。     

偏型1BL／1RS小麦雄性不育系诱导单性孤雌生殖机理的研究初报

采用石蜡切片法就胚胎学对偏型1BL／1RS小麦雄性不育系诱导单性孤雌生殖的机理进行了研究。结果表明：(1)从受精过程中的一些异常现象,如未受精极核贴近反足细胞、珠被附近有助细胞团等。初步显示助细胞是偏型1BL／1RS小麦雄性不育系单性孤雌生殖的胚细胞来源;(2)延迟授粉前大部分胚囊表现正常,延迟授粉不能诱发偏型1BL／1RS小麦雄性不育系的卵细胞单性生殖。