丙型肝炎病毒抗体化学发光免疫检测方法的建立及其临床应用简

目的：建立丙型肝炎病毒（rmv）抗体化学发光免疫检测方法,并分析其临床应用价值。方法：应用基因工程重组的HCV抗原包被微孔板,以辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗人IgG为二抗,并结合鲁米诺化学发光底物系统,建立HCV抗体化学发光免疫检测方法;应用HCV抗体诊断试剂国家参考品分析所建立方法的特异性、灵敏度、稳定性和精密性,并-9北京万泰公司的ELISA试剂盒同时检测临床血清样本350份,比较检测结果。结果：检测结果符合国家参考品质量标准。批内变异系数5．1％。6．6％,批间变异系数9-5％;试剂盒置37℃考核3d,其稳定性良好;与万泰公司的ELISA检测结果对照,阳性符合率分别为99．0％,阴性符合率分别为100％,总符合率为99．4％;Kappa值为0．986,一致性强度最强。结论：建立了特异、敏感和稳定的HCV抗体化学发光免疫检测方法,适用于HCV感染的批量筛查,具有较大的临床应用价值。     

小鼠肝炎病毒抗体ELISA试剂盒的研制——多价抗原检测抗体

<正>自从1949年首次分离到MHV以来,在不同国家和地区已分离出许多MHV毒株,检测小鼠群MHV感染所用抗原也因实验室而异。我们用MHV-3抗体ELISA试剂盒进行检测。据Robert L.Peter报导,MHV多价抗原检测自然感染小鼠血清较单价抗原更敏感,但在国内尚未见报道。因此,本文用5株MHV研制了多价抗原检测抗体ELISA试剂盒,并与单价抗原进行了比较。实验结果报导如下。     

双抗体夹心ELISA法检测狂犬病疫苗抗原活性组分

采用多克隆双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法快速检测狂犬病毒抗原含量。结果表明,灵敏度达到１５μｇ／ｍｌ,同时特异性及变异系数均合乎要求。本方法用于精制狂苗制备过程中有效抗原活性组分的检测准确、快速、重复性好,且抗原的ＥＬＩＳＡ效价与ＮＩＨ动物法测定效价具有平行趋势。     

四价HCV聚合抗原的克隆,表达及在抗—HCV ELISA试剂中的应用

本研究通过反转录从丙肝病人血清中克隆了丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）Ｃ３３ｃ基因,通过ＤＮＡ合成法又分别合成了编码ＨＣＶ核心抗原基因,ＮＳ４抗原及ＮＳ５抗原部分抗原决定簇的基因,利用基因工程手段,在大肠杆菌中表达了含有上述四种抗原的融合蛋白。该融合蛋白具有良好的抗原性和特异性,以该融合蛋白为抗原制备的抗－ＨＣＶＥＬＩＳ试剂检测了中国药品生物制品检定所１９８份标准血清时,其阳性,阴性符合分别达９７％和９８％     

PCR—ELISA在检测血清中丙型肝炎病毒上的应用

建立了一个替代目前使用的套式ＰＣＲ的血清中丙型肝炎病毒ＲＮＡ检测的新方法,该方法只需经过一次ＰＣＲ扩增,即可通过对掺入标记物的ＰＣＲ产物的ＥＬＩＳＡ检测得到与套式ＰＣＲ相同的结果。与套式ＰＣＲ相比,该方法具有耗时少、易操作、较少产生假阳性等特点。     

双抗体夹心ELISA法检狂犬病疫苗抗原活性组分

采用多克隆双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法快速检测狂犬病毒抗原含量。结果表明,灵敏度达到１５μｇ／ｍｌ,同时特异性及变异系数均合呼要求,本方法用于精制狂苗制备过程中有效抗原活性组分的检测准确,快速,重复性好,且抗原的ＥＬＩＳＡ效价与ＮＩＨ动物法测定效价具有平行趋势。     

Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for hepatitis C virus antibody detection using a recombinant protein derived from the core region of hepatitis C virus genome

This study was undertaken to evaluate an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for hepatitis C virus antibody detection (anti-HCV), using just one antigen. Anti-HCV EIA was designed to detect anti-HCV IgG using on the solid-phase a recombinant C22 antigen localized at the N-terminal end of the core region of HCV genome, produced by BioMérieux. The serum samples diluted in phosphate buffer saline were added to wells coated with the C22, and incubated. After washings, the wells were loaded with conjugated anti-IgG, and read in a microtiter plate reader (492 nm). Serum samples of 145 patients were divided in two groups: a control group of 39 patients with non-C hepatitis (10 acute hepatitis A, 10 acute hepatitis B, 9 chronic hepatitis B, and 10 autoimmune hepatitis) and a study group consisting of 106 patients with chronic HCV hepatitis. In the study group all patients had anti-HCV detected by a commercially available EIA (Abbott), specific for HCV structural and nonstructural polypeptides, alanine aminotransferase elevation or positive serum HCV-RNA detected by nested-PCR. They also had a liver biopsy compatible with chronic hepatitis. The test was positive in 101 of the 106 (95%) sera from patients in the study group and negative in 38 of the 39 (97%) sera from those in the control group, showing an accuracy of 96%. According to these results, our EIA could be used to detect anti-HCV in the serum of patients infected with hepatitis C virus.     

Evaluation of five screening tests licensed in Argentina for detection of hepatitis C virus antibodies

This study was conducted to compare among the most recent generation of five screening tests licensed in Argentina, in order to evaluate which of the tests has the best sensitivity for detection of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV). The tests analyzed were: Detect-HCV (3.0) Biochem ImmunoSystems, Canada; Hepatitis C EIA Wiener Lab., Argentina; Equipar HCV Ab, Italy; Murex HCV 4.0, UK and Serodia-HCV particles agglutination test, Japan. The results obtained showed high discrepancy between the different kits used and show that some of the tests assessed have a low sensitivity for anti-HCV detection in both chronic infections and early seroconversion, and indicate that among the commercially available kits in Argentina, Murex HCV 4.0 (UK) and Serodia-HCV particles agglutination test (Japan) have the best sensitivity for HCV screening. Although the sensitivity of the assays is the first parameter to be considered for blood screening, more studies should be carried out to assess the specificity of such assays.     

两种甲型肝炎病毒抗原快速检测方法的建立

目的建立两种甲型肝炎病毒抗原(HAV-Ag)检测试剂盒,并对其检测效果进行评价。方法生物素标记甲型肝炎病毒抗体(HAV-Ab)与辣根过氧化物酶标记亲和素联合应用建立甲型肝炎病毒抗原BA-ELISA检测法;同时使用辣根过氧化物酶标记HAV-Ab作放大系统建立双抗体夹心甲型肝炎病毒抗原ELISA检测试剂,对比两种检测方法的特异性、灵敏度及实际应用效果。结果用生物素标记甲型肝炎病毒抗体-辣根过氧化物酶标记亲和素作放大系统建立的甲型肝炎病毒抗原BA-ELISA检测法,较双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法灵敏度高1～2个稀释度;两种检测法均对10余种病毒无交叉,P/N值BA-ELISA检测法较高。结论甲型肝炎病毒抗原BA-ELISA检测法是一种灵敏度高,特异性好,方便快捷的检测方法,可广泛应用于甲型肝炎病毒研究及临床检测中。而甲型肝炎病毒抗原双抗体夹心ELISA检测法,检测灵敏度适中,操作简单,更适用于甲肝疫苗生产检定。     

Enhanced chemiluminescence ELISA for the detection of antibody to hepatitis B virus surface antigen

A chemiluminescent enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibody to hepatitis B virus surface antigen (anti-HBs) in human serum has been developed. Polystyrene microtitre plates were coated with recombinant, yeast-derived hepatitis B surface antigen (rec-HBsAg). Patient serum samples and appropriate controls were added to the rec-HBsAg-coated wells and incubated to bind anti-HBs. The wells were then washed and a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugate of a human plasma-derived hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was added. Following incubation and further washing the bound FITC-labelled HBsAg was detected after addition of a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate of a monoclonal anti-FITC antibody and assaying for the enzyme. The activity of the HRP was measured using luminol and hydrogen peroxide as substrates and iodophenol as a chemiluminescence enhancer. The luminescence was recorded using a camera luminometer. Preliminary tests have shown the assay to be suitable for the detection of antibody in sera from both vaccinees and also from individuals with a past hepatitis B virus infection. The use of the FITC-anti-FITC system together with the measurement of a chemiluminescence signal makes possible the completion of this assay in a few hours. The assay has been shown to be both specific and sensitive and provides a permanent photographic record.     

A weak neutralizing antibody response to hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein enhances virus infection

We have completed a phase 1 safety and immunogenicity trial with hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope glycoproteins, E1 and E2, with MF59 adjuvant as a candidate vaccine. Neutralizing activity to HCV genotype 1a was detected in approximately 25% of the vaccinee sera. In this study, we evaluated vaccinee sera from poor responders as a potential source of antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) of HCV infection. Sera with poor neutralizing activity enhanced cell culture grown HCV genotype 1a or 2a, and surrogate VSV/HCV pseudotype infection titer, in a dilution dependent manner. Surrogate pseudotypes generated from individual HCV glycoproteins suggested that antibody to the E2 glycoprotein; but not the E1 glycoprotein, was the principle target for enhancing infection. Antibody specific to FcRII expressed on the hepatic cell surface or to the Fc portion of Ig blocked enhancement of HCV infection by vaccinee sera. Together, the results from in vitro studies suggested that enhancement of viral infectivity may occur in the absence of a strong antibody response to HCV envelope glycoproteins.     

Evaluation of mouse thymic virus antibody detection techniques

Three serologic test methods for detection of serum antibodies to mouse thymic virus (MTV) were compared, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), complement fixation (CF) test and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test. Serum was collected at regular intervals from CD-1 mice inoculated intraperitoneally with approximately 200 infectious doses of MTV, and from uninoculated mice placed in cages with the inoculated animals. The inoculated mice became MTV antibody-positive by all three assay methods at 15 days post inoculation, while the cage-contacts were seropositive by all methods at 30 days after contact. Although the incidence of positive results was similar by all methods, titers measured by ELISA were substantially higher than those measured by CF and IFA tests. Because MTV can cause persistent infections that adversely affect the suitability of mice for research, it is recommended that testing for antibodies to this virus be performed routinely.     

Evaluation of methods for concentrating hepatitis A virus from drinking water

By using recently developed cultivation and assay systems, currently available methods for concentrating enteric viruses from drinking water by adsorption to and subsequent elution from microporous filters followed by organic flocculation were evaluated for their ability to recover hepatitis A virus (HAV). Cell culture-adapted HAV (strain HM-175) in seeded tapwater was efficiently adsorbed by both electronegative (Filterite) and electropositive (Virosorb 1MDS) filters at pH and ionic conditions previously used for other enteric viruses. Adsorbed HAV was efficiently eluted from these filters by beef extract eluents at pH 9.5. Eluted HAV was further concentrated efficiently by acid precipitation (organic flocculation) of eluents containing beef extract made from powdered, but not paste, sources. By using optimum adsorption conditions for each type of filter, HAV was concentrated greater than 100-fold from samples of seeded tapwater, with about 50% recovery of the initial infectious virus added to the samples. The ability to recover and quantify HAV in contaminated drinking water with currently available methods should prove useful in further studies to determine the role of drinking water in HAV transmission.     

应用两种基因组快速扩增方法进行病毒芯片杂交鉴定

为了摸索均衡的病毒基因组扩增方法,建立高通量的病毒检测基因芯片技术平台,本研究以甲病毒属的辛德比斯病毒作为检测模型,分别以随机PCR扩增法和MDA( Multiple Displacement Amplification)扩增法扩增病毒基因组,并以两种扩增产物作为模板,扩增辛德比斯病毒的特异基因片段以验证基因组扩增的均衡性;然后将两种基因组扩增产物标记荧光染料后与基因芯片进行杂交;结果表明从两种基因组扩增产物中正确扩增出了辛德比斯的特定基因片段,作为探针可与基因芯片上的靶标基因特异性结合;基因组扩增产物与基因芯片进行杂交,可成功检测到甲病毒属的特异性信号,充分说明随机PCR扩增法和MDA扩增法用于扩增病毒基因组均具有良好的均衡性,扩增产物可用于病毒性病原体的基因芯片检测。