凤眼莲叶片超氧物歧化酶的初步研究

本文研究凤眼莲叶片ＳＯＤ活性与低温、ＰＨ和衰老等环境和生理因素的关系。试验结果表明,凤眼莲叶片主要含Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ。ＫＣＮ明显抑制ＳＯＤ活性。环境ＰＨ小范围改变对ＳＯＤ的影响不大,只有当ＰＨ有较大变化时,酶活性才明显下降,ＳＯＤ同工酶酶带数目减少。持续低温导致ＳＯＤ活性减弱,减弱的程度与低温持续的时间呈正相关性。随着凤眼莲叶片的衰老,ＳＯＤ活性逐渐下降。老叶的ＳＯＤ活性显著低于幼叶,其同工酶带     

三唑酮对黄瓜子叶抗氧化酶活力的影响

黄瓜子叶衰老过程中超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）和抗坏血酸－过氧化物酶（ＡＳＡ－ＰＯＤ）活性降低,而过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性升高。２０ｍｇ／Ｌ三唑酮右明显提高ＳＯＤ,ＡＳＡ－ＰＯＤ,ＣＡＴ活性,抑制ＰＯＤ活性升高。膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量在叶片衰老过程中提高,三唑酮可降低ＭＤＡ含量。表明三唑酮减轻脂氧化程度,延缓了叶片的衰老。     

镉对小麦幼苗脂质过氧化和保护酶活性的影响

小麦幼苗经镉胁迫后,随着镉浓度的增高,叶征和根系中的膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的含量和过氧物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性明显升高,超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性也有所提高。叶片中ＭＤＡ积累量和ＳＯＤ活性都高于根,而ＰＯＤ活性则是根高于叶片。随幼苗生长时间延长,叶片和根中的ＭＤＡ积累量增加,而ＳＯＤ活性却降低。     

厚朴叶片衰老过程中SOD对叶绿素,蛋白质及质膜透性效应的定量研究

本文应用弹性分析和边际分析数学方法对离体厚朴叶片衰老中的ＳＯＤ活性对叶绿素,蛋白质及质膜透性效应进行了研究。结果表明：厚朴叶片衰老中,ＳＯＤ活性对叶绿素或蛋白质或质膜透性的边际量和弹性系数的效应,是随着外源营养条件和温度变化而变化的,ＳＯＤ活性与叶绿素及蛋白的弹性系数呈显著正相关,ＳＯＤ对它们的效应处于递增阶段,而ＳＯＤ活性与质膜透性的弹性系数呈显著负相关,其效应处于负效应阶段。     

AP液抗衰老作用的实验研究

Ｄ－半乳糖皮下注射致Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠亚急性衰老模型,观察ＡＰ液对大鼠衰老指标的影响。实验结果显示,ＡＰ液能明显增加胸腺重／体重的比值,提高血清ＳＯＤ活性和降低血清ＬＰＯ活性。ＡＰ液抗衰老组血清ＳＯＤ活性比衰老模型组增加２５．２９％,血清ＬＰＯ活性下降６．２４％,提示ＡＰ液可能具有抗衰老作用。     

三唑酮对绿豆幼苗叶片衰老的延缓作用

三唑酮处理可提高离体绿豆（ＰｈａｓｅｏｌｕｓｒａｄｉａｔｕｓＬ．）幼苗叶片叶绿素和蛋白质含量。叶片衰老过程中超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ＡｓＡＰＯＤ）活性及抗坏血酸（ＡｓＡ）和还原型谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）含量降低。２０ｍｇ／Ｌ三唑酮可提高ＰＯＤ、ＡｓＡＰＯＤ活性和ＡｓＡ、ＧＳＨ含量,对ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ活性无影响。丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量在叶片衰老过程中提高,并与ＰＯＤ、ＡｓＡＰＯＤ活性和ＡｓＡ、ＧＳＨ含量呈显著负相关,三唑酮可降低ＭＤＡ含量。表明三唑酮有提高植物对膜脂过氧化作用的保护能力,延缓叶片的衰老作用。     

双歧杆菌复合制剂（三株口服液）消除氧自由基的试验

本文阐述了双歧杆菌复合制剂对清除氧自由基的动物实验,小鼠内服三株口服春血清中ＳＯＤ对连苯三酚的自氧化抑制率明显高于对照组,碉丙二醛浓度低于对照组。表明内服三株口服液后能激活血清中ＳＯＤ的活性,能降低自由基的分解产物丙二醛的浓度。     

二氧化硫污染对植物体酶活性的影响

通过用６种浓度的ＳＯ２气体对６种植物进行熏气处理,然后测定植物叶片内的过氧化物酶,抗坏血酸氧化酶及多酚氧化酶的活性,为环境监测提供理论依据。通过试验,发现ＳＯ２气体对植物叶内不同酶的活性的影响有别。６种植物受不同浓度的ＳＯ２污染,叶内的过氧化物酶活性随ＳＯ２浓度增加而增加,促进叶片的衰老;而对其他的２种酶,则６种植物表现不同     

Cr^6＋对莼菜冬芽叶片急性毒害与保护酶系活性变化关系的研究

研究了Ｃｒ＾６＋的急性毒害对莼菜冬芽叶片的伤害程度和可溶性蛋白质、ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ、ＰＯＤ活性和ＭＤＡ含量变化之间的关系。在以０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ￣２．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度的Ｃｒ＾６＋处理时,冬芽叶片受害的程序明显地与处理浓度和处理时间呈正相关;可溶性蛋白质只在处理４ｄ时出现较大变化,其含量随处理浓度的提高而急剧增加;随着处理浓度的增加,ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ和ＰＯＤ的活性峰出现的时间不断后推,并且ＰＯＤ的活性     

用ESR技术研究含硒蛋白抗羟基自由基作用的活性

用ＥＳＲ技术研究含硒蛋白抗羟基自由基作用的活性。与ＳＯＤ、茶多酚相比较,含硒蛋白对羟基自由基的清除也有显著作用。找到了一种有实用价值,天然无毒,抗羟基自由基的新资源。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.