花脸香蘑子实体蛋白质营养评价

采用国际上通用的营养价值评价方法,利用人工栽培花脸香蘑(Lepista sordida (Fr) Sing)子实体粗蛋白含量和氨基酸组成,对花脸香蘑(Lepista sordida (Fr)Sing)子实体的蛋白质进行营养评价及氨基酸评分和化学评分,评价结果:氨基酸评分中花脸香蘑限制氨基酸为缬氨酸Val 68.0高于蛋...     

拟白蘑子实体化学成分研究

从高等真菌拟白蘑(Tricholomopsis rutalis)干燥子实体的甲醇提取物中分离并鉴定了6个化合物,它们分别是软脂酸甲酯(1)、软脂酸(2)、麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(3)、5α,8α-过氧化麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(4)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(5)和5α,8α-过氧化麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-O-葡萄糖苷(6).以上化合物均为首次从拟白蘑中获得.     

猴头菌子实体化学成分研究

利用柱色谱技术从猴头菌(Hercium erinaceus)干燥子实体的甲醇提取物中分离得到11个化合物,经波谱技术分别鉴定为:D-赤藓糖醇(1)、D-阿拉伯糖醇(2)、1-O-β-D-吡哺葡萄糖基-(2S,4E,8E,2'R)-2-N-(2'-羟基十六烷酰)-9-甲基-4,8-sphingadienine(3)、3β-羟基-麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯(4)、3β-羟基-5α,8α-过氧化麦角甾-6,22-二烯(5)、硬脂酸(6)、油酸(7)、hericenone F(8)、hericenone C (9)、hericenone E(10)和hericene A(11).研究结果表明,hericenones型酚类物质在猴头菌子实体中含量丰富,化合物3是从猴头菌子实体中首次分离得到的脑酰胺类物质.     

橙色粘球菌子实体形成过程的显微观察

利用体式显微镜(stereomicroscope,SMC)和扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)对橙色粘球菌(Myxococcus fulvus)的子实体形成过程进行为期8 d的生长周期观察,揭示橙色粘球菌由营养体逐渐聚集变成子实体的过程;SMC观察得到粘细菌菌落形成聚集以及颜色逐渐变深,并最后形成突起的鲜亮的橙色球状子实体。SEM观察得到明显的群体细胞定向运动以及细胞堆积,粘细菌细胞由杆状营养体向球状粘孢子变化,并最终形成由粘孢子组成的球状子实体。     

冬虫草子实体菌种提纯复壮技术研究

从野生冬虫草菌株中获取菌种,经人工驯化栽培,冬虫草(子实体)在生产实践中普遍出现传种几代后菌种严重退化的现象,通过菌种提纯复壮前后菌丝生长情况和子实体栽培情况的对比,结果证明不断对菌种进行提纯复壮,使菌种保持原有品种的遗传物质,恢复原来的生活力和优良种性,对防止菌种过早退化、保障子实体优质高产有一定的作用。     

十七种虫草的子实体培育研究

在过去的12年间,分离得到20余种虫草无性型,对其中十七种虫草无性型进行了人工诱发虫草子座的试验,结果表明:蜂头虫草Cordycepssphecocephala、亚黄蜂虫草C.oxycephala、蚂蚁草C.myrmecophila、蛹虫草C.militaris、拟细虫草C.gracilioides和布氏虫草C.brongniatii等6种人工培养的虫草观察到了成熟的子囊壳并弹射了子囊孢子;古尼虫草小孢变种C.gunniivar.minor、球孢虫草C.bassiana、戴氏虫草C.taii、蚁虫草C.formicarum、蝽虫草C.nutans、长座虫草C.longissima、台湾虫草C.formosana和双梭孢虫草近似种C.bifusisporaaff.长出了许多的未成熟的子座或孢梗束;而冬虫夏草C.sinensis、沫蝉虫草C.tricentri和细虫草C.gracilis未能培育出子实体。其中蚁虫草和亚黄蜂虫草的人工成功培育子实体为首次报道。     

金针菇子实体颜色的遗传规律研究

以金针菇黄色菌株F19和白色菌株F8801为亲本,原生质体单核化获得两亲本的单核菌株,配对杂交获得F1,从F1的子实体分离单孢菌株,与两亲本的原生质体单核化菌株进行回交配对,出菇观察子实体颜色,分析菇体颜色的遗传规律。研究结果表明,黄色为显性、白色为隐性,菇体颜色受一对基因(Cc)控制,与不亲和性因子A或B都没有连锁。     

影响虫草子实体生长的因素探讨

人工培养虫草子实体是确证虫草无性型的有力证据,讨论了生态环境对天然虫草的影响,并对人工培养虫草子实体的影响因素如营养、温度、温度、通气、光照、菌株等进行了探讨。     

长裙竹荪子实体抑菌活性的研究

以水为提取剂,对长裙竹荪子实体进行浸提,利用琼脂平板打孔法测定长裙竹荪子实体对5种常见食源性致病菌的抑菌效果,并研究其对5种病原菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、热稳定性以及抑菌pH范围.结果表明,长裙竹荪子实体的浸提液对副溶血弧菌抑制作用最好,其次是单增李斯特菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌.对大肠杆菌0157∶H7抑制效...     

双孢蘑菇子实体营养成分分析

测定了双孢蘑菇子实体中氨基酸、矿质元素、多糖、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分、粗纤维、核苷酸、维生素C和SOD等含量。结果表明,粗蛋白含量为37．86％,在测定的18种氨基酸中含有17种氨基酸,8种必须氨基酸含量占氨基酸总量的42．30％;必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比值（E／N）为0．73。还含有丰富的多糖、纤维素、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和核苷酸类物质。     

A Simple Fluorescent Biosensor for Theophylline Based on its RNA Aptamer

Theophylline is a potent bronchodilator with a narrow therapeutic index. A simple fluorescent biosensor that detects clinically relevant theophylline concentrations has been developed using the well-characterized theophylline binding RNA aptamer. Hybridization of the RNA aptamer to a fluorescently labeled DNA strand (FL-DNA) yields a fluorescent RNA:DNA hybrid that is sensitive to theophylline. The biosensor retains the remarkable selectivity of the RNA aptamer for theophylline over caffeine and is sensitive to 0–2 μM theophylline, well below the clinically relevant concentration (5–20 mg/L or ～10–50 μM). Adding a dabcyl quenching dye to the 3′-terminus of the fluorescently labeled DNA strand yielded a dual-labeled DNA strand (FL-DNA-Q) and increased the dynamic range of this simple biosensor from 1.5-fold to 4-fold.     

Effect of Ethanol and Theophylline on Circadian Rhythm of Rat Locomotion

The effect of ethanol and theophylline on the circadian rhythm of rat locomotion was investigated. Male Wistar rats synchronized to 12: 12 h light-dark cycles were divided into four groups for treatment with saline, ethanol, theophylline, and ethanol plus theophylline. Animals in each group were orally administered saline, ethanol (2.0 g/kg body wt), theophylline (10 mg/kg body wt), and ethanol plus theophylline, respectively, six times every 2 h during the 12-h light span. Spontaneous loco-motor activity was continuously monitored by an animal activity recorder at 15-min intervals. Total activity count, circadian rhythm characteristics of activity (amplitude, acrophase, and mesor), power spectral patterns, and slope of fluctuation (a measurement of ultradian periodicity) were calculated. Ethanol administration decreased the total activity count by 60% and phase-delayed the onset of activity rhythm by 9.5 h on the day after treatment. The absolute value of the slope of fluctuation was increased by ethanol administration. The mean recovery time evaluated by rhythm detection was 3.8 days. Theophylline administration increased the light phase activity, but caused no phase delay of the onset time of the locomotor activity rhythm. The decrease in total activity count and phase delay of onset of the activity rhythm caused by ethanol were partially antagonized by theophylline. However, the prolonged effects of ethanol, represented by a late recovery time and an increase in the slope of fluctuation, were not influenced by theophylline.     

Effect of Ethanol and Theophylline on Circadian Rhythm of Rat Locomotion

The effect of ethanol and theophylline on the circadian rhythm of rat locomotion was investigated. Male Wistar rats synchronized to 12: 12 h light-dark cycles were divided into four groups for treatment with saline, ethanol, theophylline, and ethanol plus theophylline. Animals in each group were orally administered saline, ethanol (2.0 g/kg body wt), theophylline (10 mg/kg body wt), and ethanol plus theophylline, respectively, six times every 2 h during the 12-h light span. Spontaneous loco-motor activity was continuously monitored by an animal activity recorder at 15-min intervals. Total activity count, circadian rhythm characteristics of activity (amplitude, acrophase, and mesor), power spectral patterns, and slope of fluctuation (a measurement of ultradian periodicity) were calculated. Ethanol administration decreased the total activity count by 60% and phase-delayed the onset of activity rhythm by 9.5 h on the day after treatment. The absolute value of the slope of fluctuation was increased by ethanol administration. The mean recovery time evaluated by rhythm detection was 3.8 days. Theophylline administration increased the light phase activity, but caused no phase delay of the onset time of the locomotor activity rhythm. The decrease in total activity count and phase delay of onset of the activity rhythm caused by ethanol were partially antagonized by theophylline. However, the prolonged effects of ethanol, represented by a late recovery time and an increase in the slope of fluctuation, were not influenced by theophylline.     

四川省茂县药用种子植物区系分析

为摸清四川茂县药用种子植物资源状况,在茂县第3次和第4次中药资源普查资料的基础上,对茂县药用种子植物区系进行统计分析。结果表明,茂县县域内药用种子植物共130科582属1 342种,包括裸子植物7科14属18种,被子植物123科568属1 324种,其中国家重点保护野生植物18科37属57种。15个大型科(科内种数大于20)分别占总属、种数的48.45%、56.56%,处于主导地位;小型属(含2~4种)共507属783种,分别占总属、种数的87.11%、58.35%。茂县药用种子植物科以热带成分占明显优势(56.52%),而属以温带成分占优势地位(68.11%);茂县的药用种子植物区系比剑阁县和盐边县呈现更为明显的温带性,而较澜沧江源区与错那县的热带成分更为活跃,揭示纬度和海拔可能是决定茂县药用种子植物区系性质的关键因素。因此,茂县药用种子植物区系不仅具有较高的物种多样性,同时还具有一定的区系地理成分复杂性,主要体现在温带性质占主导地位的同时亦呈现较为明显的过渡性质,因此茂县可视作研究横断山脉地区南北植物交流的关键地区之一,在药用种子植物的多样性保护和开发利用研究方面值得重点关注。     

Complexation of Biologically Active Aromatic Compounds with DNA in the Presence of Theophylline

¹H NMR measurements (500 MHz) have been used to determine the equilibrium hetero-association constants of theophylline (THP) with various biologically active aromatic compounds (daunomycin, novantrone, ethidium bromide, proflavine, norfloxacin) and the complexation constants of THP with both single- and double-stranded oligonucleotides in solution. The results provide a quantitative estimation of the effect of THP on the binding of aromatic ligands with DNA, and a determination of the fraction of aromatic ligand removed from DNA on addition of THP.     

菌物膳食纤维研究

菌物已成为膳食纤维开发和利用的新的潜在资源。为了进一步开发和利用菌物中的膳食纤维资源,作者对目前的研究成果进行了综述,包括膳食纤维的概念、生理活性和分析方法、及菌物中膳食纤维的化学组成、开发利用等方面内容。     

Chrono-Optimization of the Time of Evening Administration with Unequally Divided Twice-Daily Theophylline

The effect of different times of evening administration (2000 hr versus 2200 hr) of sustained-release aminophylline (Euphyllin®CR) on pharmacokinetics and lung function was investigated in 30 patients presenting with moderately severe asthma. The study protocol followed a randomized three-period change-over design including a placebo period. As the dosing of the investigated SR-formulation is circadian rhythm adapted, the major part of the daily dose, namely 2/3, is affected by the change in time of administration. With regard to the nocturnal peak expiratory flow (PEF), no statistically significant difference between the times of evening administration was detected. However, the concomitant requirement for corticosteroids and inhaled beta-2-mimerics complicates the assessment of the relative clinical efficacy of the major dosing of theophylline during the 24 hr even though this drug is usually not given as a monotherapy in severe patients with reversible airway obstruction.     

Circadian Rhythms in the Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Effects of Beta-agonist,Theophylline, and Anticholinergic Medications in the Treatment of Nocturnal Asthma

Published asthma consensus reports now acknowledge that asthma is a nocturnal disease in as many as 75% of those afflicted by this medical condition. Nonetheless, the treatment of this chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the clinic continues to be based primarily on homeostatic considerations in that it relies on long-acting bronchodilator and other therapies formulated and scheduled to ensure constant or near-constant levels of medication during the 24h. The need of asthma patients prone to nighttime attacks is not the same during the day and night; the therapeutic requirements of patients who experience nocturnal asthma, especially ones with the more severe forms of the disease, are often not satisfied by conventional medications. The therapeutic response and patient tolerance to bronchodilator medications can be improved markedly when the medications are proportioned during the 24h as a chronotherapy, that is, when more medication is delivered during nighttime sleep than daytime activity, as verified by numerous studies. This article reviews how the body's circadian rhythms influence the pharmacokinetics and effects of commonly prescribed asthma therapies and addresses why and how they must be taken into consideration to increase the effectiveness of asthma treatment.     

建鲤肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白基因的分离及其SNPs与增重的相关分析

文章采用PCR方法从建鲤 (Cyprinus carpio var. jian) 基因组分离到2个肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白基因 (Fatty acid binding protein 2, FABP2), ORF长度均为399 bp, 相似度为92.2%, 分别记为jlFABP2a、jlFABP2b, 和斑马鱼 (Danio rerio) FABP2 ORF的相似度分别为88.0%和90.5%。jlFABP2s基因结构与FABPs家族其他成员一致, 由4个外显子和3个内含子组成, 2a和2b间内含子序列和长度差异明显。系统树显示这2个基因对应斑马鱼的1个FABP2基因, 和鲤鱼染色体数是斑马鱼的2倍一致。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示, jlFABP2a、2b在建鲤肠中的表达量极显著高于脑、肝脏、肌肉、肾脏、心脏、性腺等其他组织 (P<0.01), 且2a表达量显著 (雄鱼, P<0.05) 或极显著 (雌鱼, P<0.01) 高于2b, 但在其他组织则2b表达量稍高, 暗示2a为肠特异性表达, 2b则为广谱表达。通过比对8尾建鲤的2a和2b基因序列, 在2a和2b上分别找到12个和4个SNP, 均位于内含子上。使用PCR-RFLP 法检测jlFABP2a 上4个SNP 位点I1-A15G、I1-A99G、I2-C487T和I3-A27T在建鲤选育群体中的基因型分布, 并进行了基因型与个体增重的关联分析, 结果表明, 4个位点与雌、雄成鱼阶段增重分别有极显著或显著相关。同时考虑4个位点的基因型与增重的关系, 结果基因型AGGGCCXX 和AGGGXXAT的个体平均增重比其他个体快15%, 这两种基因型个体在选育群中占了9%, 具有较大的选育空间, 可用于建鲤分子育种计划中。     

Studies on dl-Alanine Formation by Thermophilic Bacteria

During the course of the screening of thermophilic microorganisms, several strains were found to accumulate amino-acids. Of those strains that were isolated from feces source with Bennett medium, one strain was found to produce a large amount of an amino acid. This amino acid was isolated in crystalline form and identified as dl-alanine by IR absorption spectrum, specific rotatory power and elementary analysis. The taxonomic studies were carried out and this strain was identified as Bacillus coagulans. The strain B. coagulans B₉-17 produced dl-alanine as much as 1000 mg/l after 24 hours at 50°C in shake culture.

The yield of dl-alanine was increased up to 16.5 g/l with some improvements.