马铃薯Y病毒组病毒高产量提取方法的建立

本文报道了高产量提取芜菁花叶病毒（ＴｕＭＶ）、莴苣花叶病毒（ＬＭＶ）、芋花叶病毒（ＤＭＶ）和大豆花叶病毒（ＳＭＶ）的提取方法。本方法通过使用高盐浓度的磷酸盐缓冲液以及在缓冲液中加入氯化镁和脲,并用ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００作为澄清剂,替代常规使用的氯仿和正丁醇,成功的提取到了大量病毒粒子,上述四种病毒提取的得率分别是ＴｕＭＶ为１７３．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ病叶,ＬＭＶ为９６ｍｇ／ｋｇ病叶,ＳＭＶ为１９９．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ病叶,ＤＭＶ为１７６．６ｍｇ／ｋｇ病叶。     

米非司酮对大白鼠子宫内膜抗着床作用的组织化学观察

３０只雌性ＳＤ大鼠分为五组,即Ａ组（阴性对照组）,Ｂ组（孕三烯酮阳性对照组１ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,Ｃ组（米非司酮实验组,Ｃｌ１２ｍｇ／ｋｇ,Ｃ２６ｍｇ／ｋｇ,Ｃ３３ｍｇ／ｋｇ）。用组织化学方法观察米非司酮对子宫内膜一氧化氮合成酶（ＮＯＳ）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（ＳＤＨ）、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）、酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）、硷性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）活性和糖原含量的影响。实验结果显示：ＮＯＳ,ＳＤＨ和ＡＬＰ活性较阴性对照组弱,ＬＤＨ和ＡＣＰ活性较阴性对照组强,糖原含量略低于阴性对照组。     

亚硒酸钠对四氯化碳损伤草鱼肝原代细胞与肝组织的保护作用

不同浓度四氯化碳（ＣＣｌ４）对草鱼肝原代细胞的损伤实验中,ＣＣｌ４浓度为１０μｌ／ｍｌ可引起细胞血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ＡＬＴ）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（ＡＳＴ）、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）逸出量与细胞破损率显著增高,培养液中添加亚硒酸钠（Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３）０．２μｇ／ｍｌ,则可降低ＡＬＴ、ＡＳＴ、ＬＤＨ的逸出量,减轻细胞破损程度。Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３保护实验中,Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ２＋ＣＣｌ４组预先腹腔注射（ｉｐ）０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ．ｂｗ连续三日,末次ｉｐＣＣｌ４混合液１ｍｌ／ｋｇ．ｂｗ,２４ｈ内肝组织超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）相对活性比ＣＣｌ４组提高达９１．５％,第七日仍提高达５４．５％,与对照组的水平基本接近;血清中丙氨酸氨基转氨酶（ＡＬＴ）水平逐渐降低。本实验还观察到Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３可引起肝脂质过氧化物显著降低,肝微粒体蛋白含量与细胞色素Ｐ—４５０活性升高;组织切片观察显示肝组织损伤程度减轻,７２ｈ后细胞核增多。表明Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３可提高草鱼肝清除自由基能力,增强肝脏解毒功能。     

毒死蜱对家白蚁毒杀作用的时间与剂量效应

用含不同毒死蜱浓度的毒土对家白蚁（Ｃｏｐｔｏｔｅｒｎｅｓ ｆｏｕｍｏｓａｍｕｓ Ｓｈｉｒａｋｉ）进行了生物测定,浓度范围为０．０１５－０．４８ｍｇ／ｋｇ。观察２周。实验观察发现土壤中毒死蜱浓度为０．４８－０．０６ｍｇ／ｋｇ时,白蚁接触毒土出现的死亡高峰为４小时至２天;在０．０３ｍｇ／ｋｇ时,死亡高峰在１周以后;而浓度为０．０１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ时,２周内仍观察不到白蚁死亡。所获的生物测定数据很好地拟合时     

低分子量硫酸葡聚糖对小鼠造血干细胞动员作用的研究

给小鼠静脉注射低分子量（＜１０￣４ｕ）硫酸葡聚糖（ＤＳ）１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ后外周血中白细胞、单个核细胞（ｍｏｎｏｎｕｃｌｅａｒｃｅｋ,ＭＮＣ）、ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＢＦＵ－Ｅ和ＣＦＵ－Ｍｉｘ产率等指标出现时相性变化。给药后１ｈ开始升高,２ｈ达到高峰、分别为药前值的２．２、２．６、３．８、４．４和３．０倍,７ｈ时趋向正常。给药后２ｈ上述各类细胞在外周血中的含量随着ＤＳ的剂量增加而增加。白细胞、ＭＮＣ计数在ＤＳ１８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ时达到峰值,均为对照组的４倍。２４０ｍｇ／ｋ８时未见明显增加。不同剂量ＤＳ对各系祖细胞均有不同程度的动员作用,ＤＳ剂量１５－３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ效果最好,每升血中ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＢＦＵ－Ｅ、ＣＦＵ－Ｍｉｘ的数量分别相当于对照组的５．０、１１．９和８．８倍。其峰值出现时间与白细胞、ＭＮＣ不同,表明ＤＳ对不同类型细胞的作用机制也不尽一致。经口给小鼠投以ＤＳ２４０和４８ｏｍｇ／ｋｇ后,未见外周血中白细胞、ＭＮＣ计数有显著性升高,提示对造血干细胞没有动员作用。     

Pb~(+2)、Cd~(+2)、Hg~(+2)对蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)乳酸脱氢酶的影响

Ｐｂ＾＋２,Ｃｄ＾＋２,Ｈｇ＾＋２浓度分别小于５．００ｍｇ／ｋｇ,２．００ｍｇ／ｋｇ,０．５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ时,蚕豆（ＶｉｃｉａｆａｂａＬ．）乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）的活性主于对照组,当处理剂量分别长高超过上述剂量时,ＬＤＨ活性显著地降低,分析不同污染处理条件下ＬＤＨ同工酶,发现其５种同工酶在不同金属以及同一金属的不同剂量处理条件下,有差异表达的特性,其中ＬＤＨ２在小剂量重金属作用下被诱导表达;ＬＤＨ４对     

亮叶扬桐黄酮提取物抗瘤活性及其对小鼠p53基因表达活性的影响

本文从亮叶扬酮中分离提取出类生物活性物质,并进行小鼠体内抗肿瘤试验和小鼠Ｓ－１８０肿瘤细胞中ｐ５３基因表达抑制实验。研究结果表明,亮叶所桐中总黄酮含量达２８．４％,黄酮提取物在剂量５００ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１时对小鼠肉瘤Ｓ－１８０的抑瘤率为６４．０％,对艾氏腹水癌（ＥＡＣ）Ⅰ小鼠的生命延长率为５１．２５％,有显著的抗肿瘤作用,并且药效与用药量有关。同时发现,黄酮类提取物的抗肿瘤活性优于化疗药物呋喃氟尿嘧     

肾上腺素受体拮抗剂对大鼠急性肝损害影响的研究

雄性ＳＤ大鼠３３只,体重１８０—２５０ｇ,随机分成四组。正常对照组６只;哌唑嗪组８只,于实验第１、２、３日上午用哌唑嗪灌胃（１ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重）共３次,第２日下午腹腔注射半乳糖胺（６００ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重）１次,第４日上午处死动物,取肝脏及血清作有关检查;普萘洛尔组及Ｎ．Ｓ对照组分别用普萘洛尔（２ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重）及Ｎ．Ｓ（１０ｍｌ／ｋｇ体重）代替哌唑嗪灌胃,处理程序同哌唑嗪组。结果表明：一、哌唑嗪能显著减轻肝脏病变及血清ＡＬＴ的升高。二、哌唑嗪对肝损害后肝组织ＳＤＨ、Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴ－Ｐａｓｅ、ＣｈＥ、ＡＣＰ、ＣＣｏ等酶活性的恢复有显著效果。三、哌唑嗪组ＬＰＯ明显低于Ｎ．Ｓ对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）而ＳＯＤ活性明显高于Ｎ．Ｓ对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。普萘洛尔组各项指标同对照组比较均无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示：哌唑嗪对大鼠实验性肝损害有一定的保护作用。     

石油烃降解物对Cd在土壤－植物系统中迁移转化影响的研究

研究棕榈酸、儿茶酚和香草酸对土壤中Ｃｄ行为的影响表明,土壤中儿茶酚对水稻的毒害浓度为１００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１,而香草酸则为５００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１．当土壤中儿茶酚为５０００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１时,水稻籽实中Ｃｄ浓度降到０．００８ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１,土壤淋溶液中Ｃｄ浓度降为０．００５ｍｇ·Ｌ－１,３种有机物均能增加土壤中有机结合态Ｃｄ的比例,５０００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１的儿茶酚处理,土壤中有机质结合态Ｃｄ占总Ｃｄ的４８．７１％．     

Vc稀土对肉兔生长性能影响试验研究

本文研究Ｖｃ稀土对肉兔生长性能的影响。实验结果表明饲料中添加３５ｍｇ／ｋｇ对肉兔有明显增重效果（Ｐ〈０．０１）。其残留量仅为０．２８５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ以下剂量没有引起肉兔体内组织病变。Ｖｃ稀土在肉兔体内以骨骼分布为主,其次是分布国胃、肺、脾、肝、肠等组织器官,而在肌肉、心脏组织中含量非常低。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.