药敏药片对临床235株细菌实验观察报告

药敏药片经临床对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌等２３５株考核．表明药片工艺研究先进,药片与培养基结合牢固,无断裂、崩解,不渗出颗粒,抑菌圈呈同心园扩散．边缘清楚。药物含量均匀,释放度好。药片抑菌差仅１～３ｍｍ;而纸片抑菌差为２～１２ｍｍ。药片变黑系数ＣＶ为２．７１～４．２１;而纸片ＣＶ为３．８２～１４．３６。表明纸片片间差大,药片精密度明显好于纸片。     

药敏药片临床应用观察报告

报导了药敏药片对国际质控标准株抑菌试验,结果表明均在标准范围。并做了药片与纸片对比,其中片重差药敏药片变异系数cv=2．935,纸片cv=5．85,抑菌环差药片cv=0,纸片cv=2．38,其均匀度,准确度合格,表明药片片间差小,药物含量均匀,精密度好于纸片。     

药敏药片临床应用观察报告

本文报导省市级三所医院同时用药敏药片和药敏纸片对国际标准质株做抑菌试验,其结果:药片片重差变异系数cv=2.5,纸片cv=14.4.抽样五种抗菌素抑菌环直径差变异系数分别为:药片平均cv=3.07,而纸片平均cv=6.85;均匀度L药片为2-3mm纸片为3-5mm.表明药片片间差小,均匀度、准确度合格,药物含量均匀,精密度好于纸片.     

171例菌痢患儿痢疾杆菌药敏结果分析

细菌性痢疾是我国感染性腹泻中最常见的病种 ,其感染人群主要为儿童 ,为了解近年来痢疾杆菌的耐药情况 ,现将我院 1997～ 1999年收治的菌痢患儿痢疾杆菌的药敏结果分析如下。1　材料与方法1.1　材料收集 1997～ 1999年住院菌痢患儿大便培养出的痢疾杆菌的药敏试验结果 ,患儿年龄为 8个月～12岁。1.2　方法1.2 .1　菌株鉴定　按志贺菌的定义作生化及血清学鉴定。1.2 .2　药敏试验　采用Ｋｅｒｂｙ Ｂａｕｅｒ纸片扩散法 ,药敏纸片采用卫生部药品鉴定所制品 ,以ＮＣＣＬＳ标准为结果判定标准。纸片包括 9种 :丁胺卡那霉素(丁卡 )、庆大霉素 (…     

抗菌肽CMIV变体的制备及对临床耐药致病菌作用的初步研究

应用新的融合方法制备抗菌肽ＣＭＩＶ变体;了解重组型抗菌肽变体对几株临床耐药菌的抗性。通过基因工程的手段,将合成的抗菌肽ＣＭＩＶ的ｃＤＮＡ与根据金黄色葡萄球菌Ａ蛋白（ＳＰＡ）的ＩｇＧ结合结构域设计并合成的ＺＺ结构域基因融合,在大肠杆菌细胞中表达;用制备的ＣＭＩＶ变体进行抑菌圈试验和液相试验。结果表明５ｕｌ（１０ｕｍｏｌ／Ｌ）抗菌肽可在大肠杆菌Ｋ１２Ｄ３１平板上产生直径１５ｍｍ的抑菌圈;抑制５０％大肠杆菌生长的抗菌肽浓度约０．２ｕｍｏｌ／Ｌ。６种青霉素抗性的革蓝氏阴性菌的抑菌圈直径在６～１３ｍｍ之间;而同样的条件下,对革蓝氏阳性菌——金黄色葡萄球菌的作用很弱。用新的融合方法可通过大肠杆菌体系制备有活性的抗菌肽变体,重组型抗菌肽有可能成为新一代的抗菌素     

九种二变种山茶属植物的核型报道

本文报道了９种２变山茶属植物的核型．结果如下：Ｃａｍｅｌｉａｈｅｎｒｙａｎａ：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３０＝２１ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋１ｓｔ;Ｃ．ｆｕｒｆｕｒａｃｅａ：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３０＝２０ｍ＋１０ｓｍ;Ｃ．ｗａｒｄｉ：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３０＝１８ｍ＋１１ｍ＋１ｓｔ;Ｃ．ａｎｌｕｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３０＝１９ｍ＋９ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ;Ｃ．ａｎｌｕｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｖａｒ．ａｃｕｔｉｐｅｒｕｌａｔａ：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３０＝１９ｍ＋９ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ;Ｃ．ｐｙｘｉｄｉａｃｅａ：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３０＝２０ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ;Ｃ．ｐｙｘｉｄｉａｃｅａｖａｒ．ｒｕｂｉｔｕｂｅｒｃｕｌａｔａ：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３０＝２１ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋１ｓｔ;Ｃ．ｂｒｅｖｉｓｔｙｌａ：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３０＝１８ｍ＋１０ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ;Ｃ．ｌｅｐｔｏｐｈｙｌａ：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３０＝２４ｍ（１ｓａｔ）＋４ｓｍ（１ｓａｔ）＋２ｓｔ;Ｃ．ｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３０＝１８ｍ＋１０ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ;Ｃ．ｐｉｔａｒｄｉ：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３０＝１８ｍ＋１２ｓｍ．其中,前７种２变种的核型为首次报道,比较前人的有关研究可以看出上述核型在种间较相似,以组为单位进行比较比种间比较具有更大的意义。     

荷兰鸢尾(Iris xiphium L. var. hybridum)的组织培养

取荷兰鸢尾（ＩｒｉｓｘｉｐｈｉｕｍＬ．ｖａｒ．ｈｙｂｒｉｄｕｍ）鳞茎片不同部位外植体块,接种于附加不同激素配比的基本培养基上,其中取自鳞茎片基部外植体块２ｍｍ×２ｍｍ×２ｍｍ,培养基为ＭＳ＋ＢＡ１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ的不定芽诱导率为最高（７０％）;最理想的增殖培养基为ＭＳ＋ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ。不定芽直径４～５ｍｍ,培养基为ＭＳ＋ＢＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ有利于不定根的发生,诱导生根率达８３３％。试管苗不经练苗可直接出瓶,移栽于泥炭∶田土∶河沙＝１∶１∶１（Ｖ／Ｖ）的基质中。     

不同型犬腺病毒纤突蛋白基因序列的比较分析

根据已发表的ＣＡＶ纤突基因序列,用ＰＣＲ方法,对４个ＣＡＶ－２毒　株和４个ＣＡＶ－１毒株的纤突基因进行了扩增和测序,测定的核苷酸序列经推导得到分别编　码５４３和５４２个氨基酸的ＣＡＶ纤突蛋白全序列。测定的ＣＡＶ－２比较表明：我国流行的ＣＡＶ－２　ＳＹ　强毒株与国外标准强毒株Ｔｏｒｏｎｔｏ　Ａ２６／６１株相同,其驯化致弱的毒株与驯化前相比在１１３４位　发生碱基颠换。测定的ＣＡＶ－１比较表明：我国流行的ＣＡＶ－１株与标准强毒ＲＩ２６１株差异相对　较大,而国内ＣＡＶ－１毒株互相之间相对差别较小。ＣＡＶ－２与ＣＡＶ－１纤突基因的同源性为８０．４８％。     

广西壮族自治区HIV-1流行毒株的基因序列测定和亚型分析

使用ＰＣＲ技术对１４份广西ＨＩＶ－１阳性感染者外周血单核细胞（ＰＢＭＣｓ）样品进行扩增,获得ＨＩＶ－１膜蛋白（ｅｎｖ）基因的核酸片段,并对其Ｃ２－Ｖ３及邻区３５０－４５０个核苷酸序列进行了测定和分析。结果表明,１４份样品中９份为泰国Ｂ（Ｂ′）亚型,５份为Ｅ亚型毒株。其中Ｂ′亚型毒株的基因离散率为４．２％,与Ａ－Ｅ参考亚型及部分Ｂ亚型代表株序列相比较,与包括泰国、缅甸及云南德宏在内的Ｂ亚型毒株序列十分接近,相互之间基因离散率在３．０％－４．４％的范围内;而Ｅ亚型毒株的基因离散率为２．１％,与国际Ｅ亚型毒株的基因离散率最近,为５．６％,与其它国际参考亚型基因离散率很远,在２１．１％－２７．３％。根据以上数据及其它资料提示,广西存在Ｂ′和Ｅ两种亚型的ＨＩＶ－１的流行,且其Ｂ′亚型毒株的传入,与流行在云南德宏州的相同亚型ＨＩＶ－１毒株密切相关,而Ｅ亚型毒株则可能是由泰国经越南传入广西的     

福建东山岛海域斑鰶生态的研究

本文研究了福建东山岛附近海域斑生物量、密度的分布及其季节变化;生长和死亡特点;摄食和生殖习性。其平均月生物量为２２２．１ｋｇ／ｋｍ２,占游泳生物月总生物量的２７．２２％,成为优势种;生物量和密度冬季最高,分别为５２４．９ｋｇ／ｋｍ２和９３３２尾／ｋｍ２,比最低的春季高２２．７７倍和８６．２１倍。分布区域性差异明显,东山湾内高达４３８．２ｋｇ／ｋｍ２和７４０５尾／ｋｍ２,比湾外高７７．７１倍和６８．３８倍;渔获由０～Ⅳ龄组构成,ｌ龄组为优势,叉长分布范围为１１１～２２３ｍｍ,以１４１～１６０ｍｍ组为优势;食料以硅藻类的菱形藻、海线藻、圆筛藻、直链藻和骨条藻的数量最多,并大量摄食有机碎屑;初次性成熟的最小年龄为１龄．最小叉长雌性为１４６ｍｍ,雄性１４０ｍｍ。雌雄性均在１５１～１７０ｍｍ组成熟,生殖期在冬季至初春;生长参数为Ｌ∞＝２４６．３７ｍｍ,Ｗ∞＝１８２．６５ｇ,ｋ＝０．４３０３,ｔｏ＝－０．８６４９,体重生长拐点年龄人ｔｒ＝１．６０１７龄;瞬时总死亡率为１．２０１６。关键词     

Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Carbenicillin

Ninety clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were examined for susceptibility to carbenicillin by the broth dilution and disc diffusion methods. Inhibition zone diameters varied at given minimal inhibitory concentration levels of the antibiotic. Nevertheless, the results obtained allowed the proposal of the following tentative criteria for the interpretation of inhibition zones. Pseudomonadaceae yielding zones of inhibition measuring at least 10 and 16 mm in diameter around 25-and 100-mug discs, respectively, are sensitive to this antibiotic when examined by the standardized Bauer-Kirby method of disc susceptibility testing. Isolates characterized by zones of less than 100 mm in diameter around 25-mug discs should be tested with 100-mug discs before they are reported as sensitive or resistant to carbenicillin.     

Reliability of the Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion Method for Detecting Methicillin-Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus aureus

The resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to methicillin and related drugs can be reliably determined by using the Kirby-Bauer method of susceptibility testing if the incubation temperature is 35 C or below, but resistance may be missed at 37 C. The 1-μg discs of oxacillin and nafcillin or the 5-μg discs of methicillin may be used for this purpose but not the 1-μg discs of cloxacillin. The latter fail to discriminate between sensitive and resistant staphylococci by zone measurement; some resistant strains of staphylococci may show larger zones of inhibition than sensitive strains. Stability of these antibiotic-containing discs was studied under conditions of temperature and humidity variation that might be encountered in a clinical laboratory refrigerator. Oxacillin discs were the most stable and are to be preferred for susceptibility testing. Nafcillin discs were less stable, and methicillin discs lose their potency rapidly unless carefully stored in a refrigerator with a desiccant.     

Significance of determining novobiocin sensitivity in the taxonomy of staphylococci

Novobiocin sensitivity of 96 strains belonging to various staphylococcal species was studied. It was noted that Staph. saprophyticus significantly differed from Staph. aureus and Staph. epidermidis with respect to the above antibiotic. The MIC up to 2 micrograms/ml and the growth inhibition zones of 26--35 mm in diameter were characteristic of Staph. aureau and Staph. epidermidis, while the respective figures for most of the strains of Staph. saprophyticus were 32--64 micrograms/ml and 12--17 mm. However, 28 percent of the strains of Staph. saprophyticus did not differ with respect to their movobiocin sensitivity from the other 2 species. It is concluded that the "novobiocin test" may be used for differentiation of staphylococci, within the genera. At the same time it was shown that the method of the paper sensitivity discs compares very favourably with the method of serial dilutions in agar not only because of its simplicity and convenience of manipulation with single strains, but also of the possibility of identifying the population heterogenicity with respect to novobiocin sensitivity.     

A roentgenographic method for measuring nasal mucous velocity

Nasal mucous velocity was estimated by following the motion of radiopaque discs of Teflon by means of a fluoroscopic image intensifier. From 5 to 10 discs were deposited on the superior surface of the inferior turbinate with a forceps. No local anesthesia was employed and the subjects experienced no discomfort. The linear velocity of the discs was obtained by playing the videotape onto a television monitor, measuring distance with a ruler, and dividing by elapsed time. Duplicate runs of 1-2 min, 15 min apart were very reproducible but runs at 4-h intervals or daily over a 5-day period had a coefficient of variation of 30%. Average nasal velocity for individual ranged from 0 to 22.5 mm/min and group means ranged from 6. 8 to 10.8 mm/min. There was no statistically significant difference in nasal mucous velocity between young and elderly subjects nor was there a sexual difference. The saccharin test of nasal mucous transport was unsatisfactory because of inability to repeat the test more often than 1-2 h and its propensity to produce mild discomfort in a significant number of subjects. Saccharin times did not correlate significantly with values of nasal mucous velocity.     

Interpretation of Diffusion Susceptibility Data Obtained with 50-μg Carbenicillin Discs Against Gram-Negative Organisms

A total of 284 clinical isolates of various species of Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. maltophilia, and Acinetobacter anitratum were tested for susceptibility to carbenicillin by the standardized Bauer-Kirby disc diffusion technique and a microtiter broth dilution method. The data obtained led to the following proposed criteria for the interpretation of the results of disc susceptibility tests. Enterobacteriaceae that yield zones of inhibition equal to or greater than 20 mm in diameter around 50-mug discs of carbenicillin are designated as sensitive to the drug; isolates that yield zones measuring from 18 to 19 mm in diameter are reported as of equivocal (intermediate) susceptibility to the drug, whereas those enterobacterial isolates that are characterized by zones of inhibition of 17 mm or less in diameter are interpreted as resistant to carbenicillin. Isolates of P. aeruginosa, P. maltophilia, and A. anitratum yielding zones of 14 mm or more in diameter around 50-mug discs of carbenicillin are reported as sensitive, whereas those isolates that are characterized by zones of 13 mm or less in diameter are reported as resistant to this drug.     

Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Gentamicin Sulfate In Vitro: Lack of Correlation Between Disc Diffusion and Broth Dilution Sensitivity Data

Seventy-eight of 420 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa yielded zones of inhibition of less than 12 mm in diameter around 10-mug discs of gentamicin sulfate when tested by the standardized Bauer-Kirby disc diffusion method. Of 153 strains chosen from these isolates, one strain (0.65%) required 25 mug of gentamicin per ml for inhibition; the remainder (99.35%) were inhibited by 6 mug/ml or less of the antibiotic. It is recommended that those isolates of P. aeruginosa that yield zones of inhibition less than 12 mm in diameter be disc susceptibility-tested once more; those isolates that give zones of inhibition of less than 12 mm upon repeated examination should then be subjected to the broth dilution test before they are designated as sensitive or resistant to gentamicin.     

Effect of 1-(1-Naphtylmethyl)-piperazine,an Efflux Pump Inhibitor,on Antimicrobial Drug Susceptibilities of Clinical <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acinetobacter baumannii</Emphasis> Isolates

In this study, the effects of 1-(1-naphtylmethyl)-piperazine (NMP), an efflux pump inhibitor, on antimicrobial drug susceptibilities of 42 clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were investigated by the disc diffusion method. The inhibition zone diameters of antibiotic discs were tested in the presence and absence of NMP and then these zone diameters were compared. Presence of NMP restored ciprofloxacin susceptibility in 15 intermediate and 2 resistant isolates. One ciprofloxacin resistant isolate became intermediate in the presence of NMP. One isolate resistant to gentamicin became intermediate with NMP. Interestingly, one isolate susceptible to meropenem became resistant in the presence of NMP. Although NMP increased the inhibition zone diameters of some of the tested antibiotics against the resistant isolates, the increase was not enough to restore susceptibility. In conclusion, the presence of NMP increases the zone diameters of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Intermediate strains become susceptible but the resistant isolates do not.