激光参数对黑曲霉生物效应的影响

激光参数对黑曲霉生物效应的影响陈荣,谢树森,黄俊民（福建师范大学激光所福州,５３０００７）吴松刚,陈哲超,谢必峰（福建师范大学微生物工程所）关键词激光;黑曲霉;生物效应ＴＨＥＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＬＡＳＥＲＰＡＳＡＭＥＴＥＲＯＮＡＳＰＥＲＧＩＬＬＩＣＮＩ...     

低功率He-Ne激光照射下细胞内活性氧自由基的产生和游离Ca^2＋浓度的研究

在临床应用中,低功率He-Ne激光(632.8 nm)能促进骨骼肌修复,加速创伤愈合,降低牙齿的超敏感性,减缓疼痛等.大量研究表明:低功率He-Ne激光能调节细胞的众多行为,如细胞增殖、分泌、迁移、粘附、蛋白质合成和基因表达等.但低功率He-Ne激光调节细胞行为的分子机制并未阐明,考察低功率He-Ne激光照射后细胞内活性氧自由基的产生水平和游离ca2 浓度是否会发生变化,通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜,分别利用H:DCFDA和Fluo-3/AM这两种荧光探针,检测到经He-Ne激光照射后,肺腺癌细胞内活性氧自由基的水平上调以及游离Ca2 浓度增加.该研究为低功率He-Ne激光的生物光刺激效应提供了可能的分子机理.     

激光照射萌发的番茄种子的生物学效应的初步研究

将萌发的番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)种子用不同时间(0、40、80、120、160、200、240 s)的He-Ne激光照射后,测定了种子的发芽势、发芽率和幼苗的生长量.待幼苗生长25 d后,取番茄叶片测定了细胞内叶绿素、可溶性糖、蛋白质和核酸的含量.结果显示,随着照射时间延长,种子的发芽势、...     

Nd^＋3：YAG激光对黑曲霉的诱变效应

本文采用Ｎｄ＾＋３：ＹＡＧ激光辐照柠檬酸生产菌黑曲霉孢子,辐照后进行培养和发酵试验,分析测定不同辐照时间黑曲霉孢子的存活率、黑曲霉菌丝体生长繁殖及颓丧 酸的速度、主要代谢产物柠酸的产量及淀粉糖化酶活力等变化。     

He-Ne激光照射对金鱼受精卵及其幼鱼的生物学效应

用ＨｅＮｅ６２３．８ｎｍ激光照射金鱼精卵,并对其受精率、孵化率和孵化时间进行测量。结果表明,适宜剂量的激光照射对金鱼受精卵发育生长有显著的促进作用。跟踪观察发现,经激光照射而孵化出的金鱼有较大的变异效应。     

低功率激光照射缓解Aβ引起的神经细胞毒性

阿尔兹海默尔症(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)随着世界人口老龄化的形势严峻,目前成为一种严重威胁老年人身体健康的疾病之一,探究其发病机制以及如何治疗已经刻不容缓。低功率激光照射(low-power laser irradiation,LPLI)作为一种无损伤的新型物理疗法,能调节机体的多种生物学功能,为AD提供一种潜在的治疗方法。我们发现:低功率激光照射可以缓解β-淀粉样蛋白(β-amyloid peptide,Aβ)引起的神经元细胞毒性及细胞死亡,并且可以改善树突萎缩,缓解突触功能性紊乱,为神经元细胞提供保护作用。这一研究将为低功率激光照射治疗阿尔兹海默症在临床上的应用奠定基础。     

低强度He-Ne激光照射人外周血淋巴细胞两组试验结果的分析

本文采用染色体畸变 (chromosomalaberration CA)试验和微核 (micronucleus)试验两种方法对低强度He Ne激光辐照育龄妇女外周血淋巴细胞。激光能量密度分别为 14.31J cm2 (辐照 5′)、2 8.6 2J cm2 (辐照 10′) ,5 7.2 4J cm2(辐照 2 0′) ,114.5 2J cm2 (辐照 40′)。照射血样后 ,染色体畸变试验检测其淋巴细胞染色体畸变率 ,激光照射及空白对照组 ,血样染色体畸变率分别为 4.2 9‰、3.96‰、3.81、3.5 9‰和 4.19‰ ,X2 检验无显著意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。阳性对照丝裂霉素MMC处理的血样淋巴细胞CA率平均为 14.41‰ ,明显高于激光照射和空白对照组 ,X2 检验有显著差异(P <0 .0 1)。微核试验检测结果 ,微核染色体分别为 1.0 2‰ ,1.17‰ ,1.18‰ ,1.31‰和 1.19‰对照 ,经统计分析激光照射各组与对照组微核率均在 2‰以下 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,属正常人体微核范围内。结果显示两组试验监测诱变均具有一致性。证明He Ne激光辐照人体细胞对染色体无致畸效应。且表明He Ne激光在治疗范围内应用安全、有效、不会对不体造成危害。     

影响低强度He-Ne激光对红细胞生物效应诸因素分析与有关问题讨论

在分析有关低强度He-Ne激光对与红细胞的作用的临床报道与细胞生物学研究相关文献基础上,研究影响低强度激光临床疗效和红细胞对生物效应的相关因素,讨论机体状态、病变因素、激光剂量强弱等影响因素的实际临床意义,低强度He-Ne激光在临床安全使用等问题亦被讨论。     

植酸钠对黑曲霉柠檬酸发酵产酸的促进效应

研究了植酸钠对黑曲霉柠檬酸发酵产酸的促进效应。在葡萄糖全合成培养基中添加１％的植酸钠,可使产酸比对照提高２．４倍;在薯粉、玉米粉等天然培养基中添加１％植酸钠,柠檬酸产量分别提高１．７倍和１．３倍。酶活性测定分析表明,植酸钠对柠檬酸代谢途径中的几种关键酶的活性有影响。     

He-Ne激光照射罗氏沼虾腹髓鞘神经纤维的电镜观察

用He Ne激光照射罗氏沼虾 (Macrobrachiumrosenbergii)的腹髓鞘神经纤维 ,结果表明 ,神经胶质细胞为不规则形 ,核的一端较大 ,另一端分叉 ,半包裹着轴突 ,呈蝴蝶形 ,核的横轴直径为 3 0 7μm ,轴突直径为 1 5 3 μm ;在髓鞘中普遍出现增厚的膜层结构 ,且膜层结构厚薄不一 ,具有高嗜锇性、电子密度大 ,正常的膜层厚度为 3 3 3 3nm ,增厚的膜层厚度可达 1 0 0nm。在两膜层之间存在着许多颗粒状物质。     

碳源对固定化细胞生产柠檬酸的影响

柠檬酸是利用微生物代谢生产的一种极为重要的有机酸．广泛应用于食品、饮料、化工、冶金、印染等各个领域。在国外,近10年来,利用固定化细胞生产柠檬酸已获得较广泛的研究^〔1－6〕,国内也有学者指出,柠檬酸发酵的趋向是利用固定化细胞进行连续化生产⑺。而国内这方面的研究报道很少〔8,9〕。我们利用海藻酸钙凝胶包埋固定化黑曲霉细胞生产柠檬酸．探讨了碳源种类及其浓度对固定化细胞生产柠檬酸的影响。现将结果报道如下。     

Citric and gluconic acid production from fig by Aspergillus niger using solid-state fermentation

The production of citric and gluconic acids from fig by Aspergillus niger ATCC 10577 in solid-state fermentation was investigated. The maximal citric and gluconic acids concentration (64 and 490 g/kg dry figs, respectively), citric acid yield (8%), and gluconic acid yield (63%) were obtained at a moisture level of 75%, initial pH 7.0, temperature 30°C, and fermentation time in 15 days. However, the highest biomass dry weight (40 g/kg wet substrate) and sugar utilization (90%) were obtained in cultures grown at 35°C. The addition of 6% (w/w) methanol into substrate increased the concentration of citric and gluconic acid from 64 and 490 to 96 and 685 g/kg dry fig, respectively. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 25, 298–304. Received 15 April 2000/ Accepted in revised form 11 August 2000     

用黑曲霉发酵纤维素酶解液生产柠檬酸的研究

以麦草纤维素酶解液为原料,用黑曲霉发酵制备柠檬酸,研究了培养基组成、恒温发酵和周期变温发酵对柠檬酸发酵的影响,结果表明,适宜的培养基组成为NH4NO3 0.3%,KH2PO4 0.1%,Mg2+300×10-6,Fe2+10×10-6,此时,柠檬酸产量为10.52g/L,糖转化率为60.80%.研究还表明,添加低级醇如甲醇和乙醇有利于产酸,但添加甲醇的效果要好于添加乙醇的效果,适宜的甲醇量为2%.在恒温发酵过程中,0～8h为孢子萌发期,产酸较慢;8～24h为对数生长期,产酸增加;24h之后为菌体生长恒定期,但产酸继续增加;104h之后产酸降低.在周期变温发酵过程中,0～8h产酸较慢,8h之后产酸增加.通过对二者的比较可知,在0～16h,周期变温发酵的产酸量要高于恒温发酵的产酸量,但在16h之后,周期变温发酵的产酸量要低于恒温发酵的产酸量.     

Citric acid production by Aspergillus niger on wet corn distillers grains

AIMS: To determine which citric acid-producing strain of Aspergillus niger utilized wet corn distillers grains most effectively to produce citric acid. METHODS AND RESULTS: Citric acid and biomass production by the fungal strains were analysed on the untreated grains or autoclaved grains using an enzyme assay and a gravimetric method respectively. Fungal citric acid production on the grains was found to occur on the untreated or autoclaved grains. The highest citric acid level on the grains was produced by A. niger ATCC 9142. The autoclaved grains supported less citric acid production by the majority of strains screened. Biomass production by the fungal strains on the untreated or autoclaved grains was quite similar. The highest citric acid yields for A. niger ATCC 9142, ATCC 10577, ATCC 11414, ATCC 12846 and ATCC 26550 were found on the untreated grains. Treatment of the grains had little effect on citric acid yields based on reducing sugars consumed by A. niger ATCC 9029 and ATCC 201122. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible for citric acid-producing strains of A. niger to excrete citric acid on wet corn distillers grains whether the grains are treated or untreated. The most effective citric acid-producing strain of A. niger was ATCC 9142. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The study shows that the ethanol processing co-product wet corn distillers grains could be utilized as a substrate for the commercial production of citric acid by A. niger without treatment of the grains.     

苹果渣基质柠檬酸高产菌株选育

分别以固态苹果渣、苹果渣固态酶解物、苹果渣酶解液和10%葡萄糖溶液为发酵基质研究了17株野生黑曲霉的柠檬酸产生能力,并对获得的4株柠檬酸高产菌进行了诱变育种。结果表明:17株黑曲霉在4种发酵基质中均能良好生长并发酵产生柠檬酸,不同菌株在同一发酵基质中产酸能力间存在差异。FG17、FG23、FG26、FG30等4株菌苹果渣基质柠檬酸产生能力较高,且在4种不同发酵基质中产酸性能稳定。4株菌分别经紫外线和60Co-γ射线诱变后得到的正向突变株柠檬酸产率均显著提高,突变株中FG26-15-4(UV)发酵苹果渣后柠檬酸产率最高,达11.32%,FG23-13-3(γ)发酵苹果渣酶解液后柠檬酸产率最高,达2.73 mg/mL,均高于现有研究报道,可作为不同类型苹果渣基质柠檬酸发酵用菌种。     

Modeling approach to control of carbohydrate metabolism during citric acid accumulation by Aspergillus niger: I. Model definition and stability of the steady state

A model of the carbohydrate metabolism and the anaplerotic synthesis of oxalacetate in Aspergillus niger, under conditions of citric and accumulation, is presented. In this first article we set the stage for subsequent analysis within the framework of the biochemical system theory (BST): we formulate the model and develop the system representation in power law forms, showing that the steady state is locally stable. In the second article, the control structure of the system is described and a rationale for the optimization of the process is developed. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

甲醛低温消毒对黑曲霉柠檬酸发酵影响的初步研究

在柠檬酸发酵中,加入较低浓度的甲醛后８５℃灭菌,可以灭活培养基中的杂菌,确保发酵正常进行,加甲醛灭菌后不仅不影响柠檬酸的产量,而且可能还有利于菌丝生长,在大生产中加甲醛低温灭菌还减少蒸汽用量,有明显经济意义。     

Modeling approach to control of carbohydrate metabolism during citric acid accumulation by Aspergillus niger: II. Sensitivity analysis

Steady state sensitivity analysis of a model of carbohydrate metabolism and anaplerotic synthesis of oxalacetate were, in Aspergillus niger under conditions of citric acid accumulation, carried out. The flux and metabolite concentration control structure of the system obtained shows that the hexokinase/substrate transport step is the main controlling step of the pathway. The quantitative contribution of the other enzyme catalyzed or transport steps are also discussed. These results allow the design of a proper strategy of biotechnological manipulation aimed at improvement of the process. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

激光诱变筛选高产植酸酶黑曲霉菌株的研究

用1.06um,15KHz高重复率声光调QNd：YAG激光以20W和15W的辐照功率分别照射产植酸酶的黑曲霉孢子液和原生质体液不同时间,检定再生菌落数并经透明圈初筛和摇瓶复筛,测定诱变菌株所产植酸酶酶活。结果表明：20W的功率辐照黑曲霉孢子1′以上,致死率近乎100…,15W功率辐照原生质体液20″-4′,存活率在8.571％-117.14％之间,正变率在27.45％-100％之间,正变辐度60.69％-124.96％,说明原生质体比孢子耐受激光诱变的能力强,并且诱变效果好。筛选到了一株酶活提高达3.75倍的单个变异菌株。