A型肉毒神经毒素基因的PCR检测

目的:建立快速筛查A型肉毒毒素的PCR方法。方法:根据GenBank中报道的肉毒毒素基因序列,综合应用多种生物软件分析设计特异的检测引物,从提取的基因组DNA、热裂解产物和菌液等不同形式的模板中扩增大小为457bp的A型肉毒毒素特异基因片段,以肉毒梭菌其他血清型及破伤风梭菌为对照。结果:检测方法无交叉反应,灵敏度可达10pgDNA,3×103个菌。结论:建立的检测方法特异性强、灵敏度高,可以用于A型肉毒毒素基因的快速筛查。     

快速可靠的双链PCR产物直接测序法

利用T7DNA聚合酶在低温下仍具较高活性的特点,在热变性后低温下进行测序反应,使用该方法对多种PCR产物进行序列分析均取得较好的结果．     

PCR产物中无错误碱基拷贝最低比率的计算

分析了PCR过程中带有错误碱基拷贝的量变过程,得出不同循环(n)后不同类型拷贝数的计算通式并以逐次代入方式归纳出PCR产物中无错误碱基拷贝最低比率(R)和有效循环数(N),拷贝酶促合成链长(H)及错配率(f)的关系式R_n=(1-Hf/2)^N-1(1-Hf),对PCR技术制备表达用DNA片段有指导意义.     

广州地区艾滋病患者中人类疱疹病毒8感染及部分序列的检测

检测广州地区艾滋病患者中人类疱疹病毒8(HHV-8)的感染状况并完成部分序列的测序,从而了解HHV-8感染相关的Kaposi’s肉瘤在本地区艾滋患者中可能的罹患风险,并初步探讨HHV-8在本地区是否存在基因序列的变异。使用n-PCR法检测患者唾液中的HHV-8 DNA,PCR产物经ABI3100系统直接测序。结果显示在广州地区艾滋病患者中唾液HHV-8 DNA阳性率为20.0%,而在作为对照的健康组的阳性率为0.0%,艾滋病患者组与健康对照组间具非常显著性差异;检测的部分碱基序列未发现变异。提示在广州地区的艾滋病患者中存在较高的HHV-8感染。     

Detection of a new mutation (T1140C) in a patient with Hunter syndrome from Guangdong, China

This study identified mutations of the idurnate-2-sulfatase (IDS) gene in a patient with Hunter syndrome, and established a basis for the diagnosis of the prenatal gene of Hunter syndrome. Urine glyeosaminoglycan (GAG) assay was used to make the preliminary diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type II. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from dried blood spots and DNA sequencing were applied to analyze hotspot mutations in exons 9,3 and 8 of the IDS gene in the proband and his parents. A new missense mutation (T1140C) in exon 8 of the IDS gene was found by using DNA sequencing. This mutation caused a substitution of codon 339 from CTA (leucine) to CCA (praline). The patient is a hemizygote, and his mother is a heterozygote. The new missense mutation results in a change in the primary and tertiary structure of the IDS protein. It is possible that this mutation severely impairs enzymatic activity and is the underlying basis for the pathology seen in this patient with Hunter syndrome. __________ Translated from Hereditas, 2006, 28(5): 521–524 [译自: 遗传]     

Detection of a new mutation (T1140C) in a patient with Hunter syndrome from Guangdong,China

This study identified mutations of the idumate-2-suffatase (IDS) gene in a patient with Hunter syndrome,and established a basis for the diagnosis of the prenatal gene of Hunter syndrome.Urine glyeosaminoglycan (GAG) assay was used to make the preliminary diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type H.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from dried blood spots and DNA sequencing were applied to analyze hotspot mutations in exons 9,3 and 8 of the IDS gene in the proband and his parents.A new missense mutation (T1140C) in exon 8 of the IDS gene was found by using DNA sequencing.This mutation caused a substitution of codon 339 from CTA (leucine) to CCA (praline).The patient is a hemizygote,and his mother is a heterozygote.The new missense mutation results in a change in the primary and tertiary structure of the IDS protein.It is possible that this mutation severely impairs enzymatic activity and is the underlying basis for the pathology seen in this patient with Hunter syndrome.     

Structure of the murine lactotransferrin gene is similar to the structure of other transferrin-encoding genes and shares a putative regulatory region with the murine myeloperoxidase gene

The structure and nucleotide sequence of the murine lactotransferrin-encoding gene (LTF) deduced partly by direct sequencing of genomic clones in the λ phage vector and partly by enzymatic amplification of genomic DNA segments primed with the oligodeoxyribonucleic primers homologous to the cDNA sequence. The λ phage clones contained the 5′ half of the gene corresponding to the first eight exons and an incomplete ninth exon interrupted by eight introns. Genomic clones corresponding to the 3′ half of the LTF gene could not be obtained on repeated attempts from two different mouse genomic libraries, suggesting the possible presence of unclonable sequences in this part of the gene. Hence, PCR was used to clone the rest of the gene. Four out of the presumed eight remaining introns were cloned along with the flanking exons using PCR. Comparison of the structure of the LTF gene with those of the two other known transferrin-encoding genes, human serum transferrin-encoding gene and chicken ovotransferrin-encoding gene reveals that all three genes have a very similar intron-exon distribution pattern. The hypothesis that the present-day transferrin-encoding genes have originated from duplication of a common ancestral gene is confirmed here at the gene level. An interesting finding is the identification of a region of shared nucleotides between the 5′ flanking regions of the murine LTF and myeloperoxidase-encoding genes, the two genes expressed specifically in neutrophilic granulocytes.     

错配碱基PCR-RFLP检测K-ras癌基因点突变

错配碱基套式PCR-RFLP检测K-ras癌基因第12位密码子点突变,并与一步法PCR-RFLP作比较.结果显示套式PCR-RFLP可检测出500细胞中的一个突变细胞,比一步法PCR-RFLP分析的敏感性提高了100倍.利用该方法检测纤维支气管镜收集的标本中的突变细胞,结果发现9例肺腺癌中有5例发生了K-ras癌基因第12位密码子点突变.提示该方法可行,值得推广应用.     

Application of N-terminally Truncated DNA Polymerase from Thermus thermophilus ({Delta}Tth Polymerase) to DNA Sequencing and Polymerase Chain Reactions: Comparative Study of {Delta}Tth and Wild-Type Tth Polymerases

N-Terminally truncated DNA polymerase from Thermus thermophilus(Tth polymerase) lacking 5'-3' exonuclease activity was usedfor DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In contrastto the high background of the sequencing ladder observed withthe wild-type Tth polymerase, Tth polymerase gave readable sequencingpatterns which extend up to more than 500 bases from the primersite on cycle sequencing and automated sequencing. The Tth polymerasewas used for the standard and mutagenic PCR, and net amplificationof the DNA and the mutations accumulated during PCR were analyzed.Under mutagenic PCR, the mutation rates were 7.0 x 10^–4(Tth) and 8.3 x 10^–4 (Tth) per nucleotide per cycle ofamplification, which were 4–9 times higher than the ratesunder standard PCR.     

降低差异显示-PCR假阳性和提高重复性的几种策略

简要介绍了几种提高mRNA差异显示重复性和降低假阳性的策略. mRNA差异显示技术从建立时起就引起了科学家的广泛兴趣, 是克隆不同生理或病理过程中差异表达基因的一种高灵敏度、简单、有效的方法.但mRNA差异显示因其假阳性率高和重复性低,限制了其在生命科学中的应用.     

Comparison of Next-Generation Sequencing and Polymerase Chain Reaction for Personalized Treatment-Related Genomic Status in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Personalized treatments based on the genetic profiles of tumors can simultaneously optimize efficacy and minimize toxicity, which is beneficial for improving patient outcomes. This study aimed to integrate gene alterations associated with predictive and prognostic outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in-house next-generation sequencing (NGS) to detect KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations. In the present study, 41 patients with mCRC were assessed between August 2017 and June 2019 at a single institution. The overall concordance between NGS and PCR results for detecting KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations was considerably high (87.8–92.7%), with only 15 discrepant results between PCR and NGS. Our companion diagnostic test analyzes KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF as a panel of CRC molecular targets; therefore, it has the advantages of requiring fewer specimens and being more time and cost efficient than conventional testing for separate analyses, allowing for the simultaneous analysis of multiple genes.     

Detection of mitochondrial DNA deletions by a screening procedure using the Polymerase Chain Reaction

We describe an accurate procedure for a rapid diagnosis of heteroplasmic mtDNA deletions based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For a selective amplification of deleted mtDNA across the breakpoints of the deletion, we used seven combinations of primers surrounding the most common deleted region between the two origins of mtDNA replication. This procedure was performed on muscle biopsies of twenty patients harboring a single mtDNA deletion and one patient with multiple mtDNA deletions. The results were compared with Southern-blotting analysis. We conclude that this PCR procedure is a sensitive and convenient screening method for the detection of mtDNA deletions. (Mol Cell Biochem 174: 221–225, 1997)     

一种快速构建cRNA标准曲线检测基因表达方法的建立

为了建立一种适于实验室乃至常规定量检测mRNA表达的、可快速构建cRNA标准曲线的方法,设计带有T7启动子序列和PolyT序列的引物对目的基因和内参照进行PCR,克隆入载体作为体外合成cRNA的模板,快速构建cRNA标准.结果表明：该曲线的线性范围至少达6个数量级,相关系数为0.99.该法快速、简便,适用于所有靶基因.     

HCVRNA反转录PCR技术的建立及对血液样品的检测

实验建立了ＨＣＶ　ＲＮＡ的反转录和套式ＰＣＲ技术,扩增出２３２ｂｐ的核酸片段,经酶切电泳图谱和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交鉴定,来自ＨＣＶ基因５,端非编码区。实验从抗ＨＣＶ阳性的１８例血浆样品和１９例血清样品中分别检出７例和１３例ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性。     

水稻miRNA3026启动子及硫氧还蛋白基因OsTxnDC9的克隆与分析

硫氧还原蛋白基因 OsTxnDC9 是水稻miRNA3026的宿主基因。克隆出了水稻miRNA3026启动子,其总长度为1 477bp;构建出4个缺失片段,瞬时表达表明这个启动子为弱启动子。在此基础上克隆出水稻硫氧还原蛋白 OsTxnDC9 基因,其长度为480bp。生物信息学表明 OsTxnDC9 基因编码的氨基酸序列与二穗短柄草硫氧还原蛋白基因编码的氨基酸(XP_003573612.1)序列同源性最高。荧光定量PCR发现OsTxnDC9在水稻花粉一核中表达量最高,亚细胞定位表明其主要在细胞质中表达。这为探索miRNA3026启动子和宿主基因的关系奠定了基础。     

Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Italian-style soft cheeses

AIMS: A rapid detection system specific for Listeria monocytogenes and based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed. METHODS AND RESULTS: Primers annealing to the coding region of the actA gene, critically involved in virulence and capable of discrimination between two different alleles naturally occurring in L. monocytogenes, have been utilized. The procedure was applied to recover L. monocytogenes cells in artificially contaminated fresh Italian soft cheeses (mozzarella, crescenza and ricotta). Low levels of L. monocytogenes were detected in mozzarella and crescenza homogenates (0.04-0.4 and 4 CFU g(-1), respectively) whereas in ricotta the detection limit was higher (40 CFU g(-1)). CONCLUSIONS: This PCR-based assay is highly specific as primers used recognize the DNA from different L. monocytogenes strains of clinical and food origin, while no amplification products result with any other Listeria spp. strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study highlighted a low-cost and rapid procedure that can be appropriated for the detection in real time of low L. monocytogenes levels in soft cheese.     

Methoxy-Substituted Hydroxychalcone Reduces Biofilm Production,Adhesion and Surface Motility of Acinetobacter baumannii by Inhibiting ompA Gene Expression

An increasing lack of available therapeutic options against Acinetobacter baumannii urged researchers to seek alternative ways to fight this extremely resistant nosocomial pathogen. Targeting its virulence appears to be a promising strategy, as it offers considerably reduced selection of resistant mutants. In this study, we tested antibiofilm potential of four synthetic chalcone derivatives against A. baumannii. Compound that showed the greatest activity was selected for further evaluation of its antivirulence properties. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression of biofilm-associated virulence factor genes (ompA, bap, abaI) in treated A. baumannii strains. Also, we examined virulence properties related to the expression of these genes, such as fibronectin- and collagen-mediated adhesion, surface motility, and quorum-sensing activity. The results revealed that the expression of all tested genes is downregulated together with the reduction of adhesion and motility. The conclusion is that 2′-hydroxy-2-methoxychalcone exhibits antivirulence activity against A. baumannii by inhibiting the expression of ompA and bap genes, which is reflected in reduced biofilm formation, adhesion, and surface motility.