培养过程对基因工程菌稳定性的影响

重组质粒不稳定性是基因工程菌生产中的主要问题,从培养过程的角度综述了选择压力、操作方式、培养基组成、溶氧、培养温度、ｐＨ等因素对质粒稳定性的影响,为基因工程菌的发酵提供参考。     

基因工程菌中重组质粒的稳定性研究进展

基因工程菌(细胞)是现代生物工程中的微型生物反应器,是基因工程的研究主体之一.获得使外源基因高效稳定表达的基因工程菌或细胞是基因工程的核心步骤与最终目的.基因工程菌重组质粒稳定性问题是基因工程菌工业化生产与实验研究中的最主要问题,就其在基因工程中的重要性、影响因素及提高稳定性策略方面作简要介绍并展开综述.     

产乙酰鸟氨酸脱乙酰基酶基因工程菌的构建及遗传稳定性研究

利用质粒pET22b( )为表达载体,成功构建了产N-乙酰鸟氨酸脱乙酰基酶基因工程菌BL21 - pET22b( )-argE,并考察了重组质粒的稳定性.双酶切鉴定了质粒构建正确,SDS-PA GE电泳证实了该菌可高效表达目的蛋白.连续传代50次实验表明重组质粒具有结构稳定性.无选择压力连续传代时,质粒丢失严重;有选择压力时连续传代未发生质粒丢失现象,具有较好的分离稳定性.发酵过程中,用羧苄青霉素代替氨苄青霉素,质粒稳定率由77.78%提高到8 6.42%.羧苄青霉素浓度为200μg/mL时,质粒稳定率提高到98.33%.     

染料生物降解及其基因工程菌研究进展

染料降解基因工程菌的构建是染料生物降解研究的重要任务之一,它可以高效地除去废水中的常规生物难降解染料。文中综述了构建染料降解基因工程菌的基础研究进展,主要包括:染料降解菌的筛选、降解特性及酶系的研究、降解性质粒特性及基因定位的研究等等。     

基因工程菌培养过程的动力学模型

基因工程技术是当代生物工程的核心．在实验室中已经应用基因工程菌株得到多种有重要价值的产矿1,但真正能转化为工业化生产的还不多。这主要因为工程菌培养技术是传统发酵工艺的延伸和发展,缺乏完善的理论和成熟的操作准则,使得工艺设计和操作存在较大缺陷。而对基因工程菌培养过程进行控制的关键在于解决这样一个问题m：宿主的生理遗传特性影响着外源基因的表达,外源基因的表达又影响着宿主的生长特性．研究其培养过程的动力学行为主要就是将二者之间的作用规律和控制因素了解清楚,建立合理的数学模型．因此工程菌培养过程的动力学研…     

一株新的重组人源过氧化氢酶基因工程菌的构建和遗传稳定性研究

利用pPICZαA作为新的表达载体和表达宿主酵母GS115,成功地构建了新的人源过氧化氢酶表达工程菌G13,并考察了新的工程菌G13的遗传稳定性.通过对新的重组菌整合质粒的酶切,PCR鉴定,及SDS-PAGE电泳、单抗dot-blot证实了该重组菌质粒构建正确,可以有效表达重组的人源过氧化氢酶.新的重组酵母菌G13在连...     

基因工程菌的发酵研究

本文对大肠杆菌表达的ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ工程菌的发酵条件进行了详细的研究,探讨了发酵条件对工程菌表达外源蛋白量的影响,优化了影响发酵的各种条件,形成了一套工程菌发酵表达外源蛋白的工艺,并从工业化角度对工程菌的高密度高表达间的关系进行了探讨。     

基因工程菌发酵研究进展

基因工程菌发酵主要目标是获取高产外源基因表达蛋白。介绍并分析了基因工程菌发酵过程中表达系统、培养基、温度、pH值、溶解氧和诱导条件等因素对发酵的影响;论述了工程菌高密度培养所需的培养方式,并总结了基因工程菌发酵领域近年来的一些进展。     

假单胞基因工程菌的开发应用现状与展望

假单胞菌 (Pseudomonas)是一群革兰阴性的杆菌或球杆菌 ,需氧生长 ,多数有鞭毛有动力。按照《伯杰氏系统细菌学手册》第二版 ,假单胞菌科包括 2 9个属 ,数百个种和亚种。假单胞菌广泛存在于自然界 ,是土壤和水体微生态系统的重要组成部分 ,也是自然界的碳、氮循环的重要组成部分[1] 。尽管其中的某些种如铜绿假单胞菌可引起人和动物的机会感染、个别种如丁香假单胞菌可某些农作物致病 ,但大多数种是无害的 ,某些假单胞菌和荧光假单胞菌还是植物生长的有益菌。更重要的是 ,假单胞菌拥有极为复杂的酶系统 ,具有非凡的降解能力 ,在环保方面意…     

木糖发酵重组菌研究进展

木糖发酵是植物纤维原料生物转化制取乙醇商业化生产的基础和关键 ,但自然界存在的微生物菌株不能满足商业化生产的需要。利用基因工程技术对细菌和酵母进行改造 ,以提高它们在厌氧条件下的木糖发酵能力成为目前研究和开发的重点。通过转基因和基因删除技术 ,主要对Escherichiacoli、Zymomonasmobilis、Pichiastipitis和Saccharomycescerevisiae等典型的乙醇发酵菌株实施基因改造 ,构建出一系列不同类型的木糖发酵重组菌株。与野生型菌株相比 ,重组菌株在厌氧条件下的木糖发酵能力得到了不同程度的改善 ,但是它们仍然未能投入于商业化生产。微生物的木糖代谢工程和木糖发酵重组菌株的构建有待于进一步的深入研究 。     

Influence of Azospirillum Strains on the Nodulation of Clovers by Rhizobium Strains

Mixed cultures of several Azospirillum and Rhizobium trifolii strains caused either an inhibition or stimulation of nodule formation on plant hosts as compared with nodulation of plants inoculated with R. trifolii alone. Azospirillum strains affected the nodulation process at a precise cell ratio (R. trifolii/Azospirillum cells) and time of inoculation. All Azospirillum strains used showed a variation in their ability to inhibit or enhance nodulation by R. trifolii strains. When nonviable cell preparations of Azospirillum strains were used for mixing experiments, no effect on nodulation was observed. A decrease in the effectiveness of normally Nod⁺ Fix⁺R. trifolii strains was observed when an Azospirillum strain caused an increase in nodule number.     

木糖代谢基因表达水平对酿酒酵母重组菌株产物形成的影响

以Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ－Ｓ．ｃｅｒｅｖｉｓｉａｅ穿梭质粒ＹＥｐ２４为骨架,将树干毕赤酵母（Ｐｉｃｈｉａ ｓｔｉｐｉｔｉｓ ＣＢＳ６０５４）的木糖还原酶（ＸＲ）基因ＸＹＬ１及木糖醇脱氢酶（ＸＤＨ）基因ＸＹＬ１分别以不同的相对表达方向置于酿酒酵母的乙醇脱氢酶Ｉ（ＡＤＨ１）启动子和磷酸甘油激酶（ＰＧＫ）启动子下,构建不同ＸＹＬ１及ＸＹＬ２的重组质粒。这些重组质粒分别转化酿酒酵母（Ｈ１５８）受体菌。得到的重组菌株     

Recombinant F′ Factors from Escherichia coli K-12 Strains Carrying recB or recC

The frequency of genetic exchanges between F' factors and the bacterial chromosome was studied in recombination-deficient Escherichia coli mutants under conditions in which the recombinant F' factors were immediately transferred to new hosts. In a series of double matings, F101-1 thr(+)leu(-) episomes were first transferred into each of four intermediate F(-)thr(-)leu(+) strains carrying various rec alleles. After the original F' donors were killed with phage T6, the F101-1 episomes were then transferred from the intermediate cells to F(-)thr(-)leu(-)Str(R)recA(-) females. Recipients of nonrecombinant episomes formed Thr(+) (Str(R)) colonies, and recipients of recombinant episomes formed Leu(+)(Str(R)) colonies. A comparison of the numbers of Leu(+)(Str(R)) and Thr(+)(Str(R)) colonies shows that recB(-) males formed 18 to 21% and recC(-) formed 47 to 60% of the wild-type level of recombinant episomes that could be detected after transfer. No recombinant episomes were detected using a recA(-) intermediate strain. If the intermediate strains harboring the F101 episomes were purified, allowed to grow for 50 generations, and then mated with the recA(-) recipient, recombinant episomes were transferred at 8% of the wild-type level for recB(-) and 13% for recC(-). In contrast, only 0.4 and 0.6% of the normal number of recombinants were obtained from crosses between Hfr Cavalli donors and the same recB(-) and recC(-) strains. Recombinant episomes were detected with greater frequency among newly formed rec(+), recB(-), and recC(-) partial diploids than in those which were 50 generations old.     

重组水蛭素HV2的稳定性

重组水蛭素ＨＶ２是凝血酶的特异性抑制剂,是一种非常稳定的蛋白质。温度的升高（１００℃水浴）和ｐＨ（１─１３）的改变不影响其活力,在某些变性剂（８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ尿素、１％ＳＤＳ和６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸胍）存在的条件下也非常稳定,０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＤＴＴ在７０℃时使其部分失活,只有ｐＨ和温度同时升高其活力才开始下降,ｐＨ１３、８０℃处理１５ｍｉｎ即完全失活,氨基酸组成和活性分析发现失活样品的Ｃｙｓ和Ｌｙｓ被破坏。重组水蛭素ＨＶ２含有一个结构紧密的Ｎ端核心区和一个无序的Ｃ端尾部。其Ｎ端的３个Ｌｙｓ－Ｘａａ键均不被胰蛋白酶水解;胃蛋白酶及糜蛋白酶消化后,分离所得片段,氨基酸组成分析发现Ｎ端核心区依然保持很高的抗凝血酶活性,继续消化２４ｈ,核心区不被进一步降解。     

Influence of Formulation and Processing Factors on Stability of Levothyroxine Sodium Pentahydrate

Stability of formulations over shelf-life is critical for having a quality product. Choice of excipients, manufacturing process, storage conditions, and packaging can either mitigate or enhance the degradation of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), affecting potency and/or stability. The purpose was to investigate the influence of processing and formulation factors on stability of levothyroxine (API). The API was stored at long-term (25°C/60%RH), accelerated (40°C/75%RH), and low-humidity (25°C/0%RH and 40°C/0%RH) conditions for 28 days. Effect of moisture loss was evaluated by drying it (room temperature, N₂) and placed at 25°C/0%RH and 40°C/0%RH. The API was incubated with various excipients (based on package insert of marketed tablets) in either 1:1, 1:10, or 1:100 ratios with 5% moisture at 60°C. Commonly used ratios for excipients were used. The equilibrium sorption data was collected on the API and excipients. The API was stable in solid state for the study duration under all conditions for both forms (potency between 90% and 110%). Excipients effect on stability varied and crospovidone, povidone, and sodium laurel sulfate (SLS) caused significant API degradation where deiodination and deamination occurred. Moisture sorption values were different across excipients. Crospovidone and povidone were hygroscopic whereas SLS showed deliquescence at high RH. The transient formulation procedures where temperature might go up or humidity might go down would not have major impact on the API stability. Excipients influence stability and if possible, those three should either be avoided or used in minimum quantity which could provide more stable tablet formulations with minimum potency loss throughout its shelf-life.     

Factors that Influence the Formation and Stability of Thin,Cryo-EM Specimens

Poor consistency of the ice thickness from one area of a cryo-electron microscope (cryo-EM) specimen grid to another, from one grid to the next, and from one type of specimen to another, motivates a reconsideration of how to best prepare suitably thin specimens. Here we first review the three related topics of wetting, thinning, and stability against dewetting of aqueous films spread over a hydrophilic substrate. We then suggest that the importance of there being a surfactant monolayer at the air-water interface of thin, cryo-EM specimens has been largely underappreciated. In fact, a surfactant layer (of uncontrolled composition and surface pressure) can hardly be avoided during standard cryo-EM specimen preparation. We thus suggest that better control over the composition and properties of the surfactant layer may result in more reliable production of cryo-EM specimens with the desired thickness.     

重组人尿激酶原冻干产品的稳定性

目的：探讨重组人尿激酶原（rhPro-UK）冻干产品的稳定性。方法：采用S-2444发色底物法测定贮存在4℃和-20℃的rhPro-UK冻干产品的活性、单链比例随时间的变化规律;用SDS-PAGE及RP-HPLC肽图分析贮存在-20℃的rhPro-UK冻干产品的结构与组成的变化。结果：4℃保存3年后的rhPro-UK冻干产品的总活性和单链比例基本没有变化,但随着贮存时间的延长,有部分产品降解,如贮存78个月的样品,总活性可降低13％～15％;-20℃保存78个月后,rhPro-UK冻干产品的总活性和单链比例未见明显变化。SDS-PAGE及RP-HPLC肽图图谱显示,-20℃贮存78个月后的rhPro-UK冻干产品的组成和结构没有变化。结论：rhPro-UK冻干产品在4℃的贮存寿命可达3年;长期贮存于-20℃的rhPro-UK冻干产品,其总活性、单链比例及结构组成非常稳定。