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远程教育培训给生物教学带来新的生机。夯实了专业知识,梳理了生物知识,使我认识到应该如何把握生物课堂教学,提高了课堂教学设计能力,凝聚了生物教师的力量,使老师们学到了很多知识和教学技能,解决了平时教学中的一些难题,提升了生物的教学水平。 相似文献
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亚热带丘陵茶园间作白三叶的土壤环境调控效果 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15
在亚热带丘陵区1年生幼龄茶园通过连续4年间作白三叶大田试验,研究了其对茶园土壤环境及茶叶品质、产量的影响,结果表明,茶园间作白三叶降低了土壤容重,提高了土壤孔隙度、有机质、全氮、水解氮的含量及钾的活性,消耗了部分有效磷;增加了土壤关键层次(0~20cm)和关键时期(4~6月)的水分含量,延缓和缩短了夏季高温干旱与秋季持续干旱时间;获得了土壤降温时增温、保温与升温时降温的双向动态调控效果.增加了同一层次土壤温度的稳定性,延缓了高温和低温的出现时间,缩短了过度高温时间。从而促进了茶树生长,改善了茶叶品质,显著增加了茶叶产量。与清耕茶园相比,茶园间作白三叶后,春秋茶的酚氨比分别下降了17.10%和30.90%,产量提高了32.65%。 相似文献
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《小哥白尼(野生动物画报)》2011,(5)
哎呀呀,这个世界乱套了!大人变成了小孩,小孩变成了大人。现在,终于轮到各位小酷想家来当家做主了,快来看看他们都有什么出色的表现吧!看到爸妈变成了小孩,我立马学着他们的样子,下达了第一道命令:写作业去!我想他们一定会哭的,因为老师留的作业实在是太多了。新浪YOYO 相似文献
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砷对烤烟(Nicotiana tabacum L.)碳代谢的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用盆栽试验,系统地研究了砷对烤烟全生育期碳代谢及其过程的影响,结果表明,砷降低了烤烟整个生育期的叶绿素含量、光合速率、蔗糖合成酶(SS,合成方向)活性和现蕾以后的蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性,提高了全生育期的SS(分解方向)活性和可溶性糖含量,因而抑制了碳的同化和蔗糖的合成,促进了蔗糖的分解,不利于碳向积累方向转化。砷提高了全生育期的腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(ADPG-PPase)活性,增加了团棵期和现蕾期淀粉的积累,降低了团棵期和采收期的可溶性淀粉酶(SSS)活性和采收期的淀粉含量,从而导致了碳积累代谢的紊乱,最终造成碳积累的减少。 相似文献
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生态条件的多样性变化对蜜蜂生存的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
蜜蜂在整个生态系统中起着重要的传花授粉作用,是生态链中不可或缺的物种。随着现代农业的发展,蜜蜂赖以生存的环境遭到破坏,继而引发蜜蜂数量大幅减少,影响了蜂种的生存与可持续发展。总结了近年来生态条件的变化,归纳了影响蜜蜂生存的主要因素,分析了蜜蜂生存艰难的原因,提出了蜜蜂生存的关键问题,并展望了未来维持蜜蜂强群的主要研究方向。 相似文献
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当前在世界范围内由于人口的迅速增长导致的粮食危机正日益为各国科学家和政治家所关注。中国既是一个人口大国、也是个农业大国。半个世纪以来,特别是近十年来,在坚持四项基本原则和改革开放的方针指引下,我们以占世界7%的耕地养活了占世界近22%的人口,基本解决了温饱问题,并且提供了较充足的工业原料,取得了瞩目的成就。1984年后,虽然粮食产量出现了徘徊形势,但1989年,粮食产量有较大回升,达到了40475万吨,超过了1984 相似文献
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Samoilova OP Ptushenko VV Kuvykin IV Kiselev SA Ptushenko OS Tikhonov AN 《Bio Systems》2011,105(1):41-48
In this work, using a PAM-fluorimetry technique, we have compared effects of plant adaptation to the light or dark conditions on the kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence yield in Tradecantia leaves of several species (Tradescantia albiflora, Tradescantia fluminensis, Tradescantia navicularis, and Tradescantia sillamontana), which represent plants of different ecotypes. Two fluorescence parameters were used to assess photosynthetic performance in vivo: non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence (qNPQ) determined by energy losses in the light-harvesting antenna of photosystem 2 (PS2), and PS2 operating efficiency (ΦPSII). Comparative study of light-induced changes in qNPQ and ΦPSII has demonstrated that shade-tolerant Tradecantia species (T. albiflora Kunth, T. fluminensis Vell.) reveal higher capacities for NPQ and demonstrate slower transitions between the ‘light-adapted’ and ‘dark-adapted’ states than succulent species T. navicularis and T. sillamontana, which are typical habitats of semi-deserts. We analyze the photosynthetic performance of Tradescantia species in the context of their adaptabilities to variable environment conditions. The ability of shade-tolerant plants to retain a relatively long-term (∼40-60 min) ‘memory’ for illumination history may be associated with the regulatory mechanisms that provide the flexibility of photosynthetic apparatus in response to fluctuations of light intensity. 相似文献
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M.L. Christianson 《Mutation research》1975,28(3):389-395
A purplle flowered Tradescantia hirsuticaulis is described exhibiting three classes of somatic sectors: red-only, red/blue twin spots and blue-only. The twin spots are shown to be the results of a single event since the association of red and blue cells in the same stamenis non-random and intervening purple cells occur far too infrequently to permit hairs containing both red and blue sectors to arise by sequential, facilitated, red-only and blue-only events.As in T. clone 02, deletion, as evidenced by the presence of micronuclei (chromosome fragments), is indicated to be one mechanism producing some kinds of sectors (red-only) in response to ionizing radiation.The predominant, if not exclusive, mechanism of spontaneous sectoring and important mechanism of even 60 R-induced sectoring in this T. hirsuticaulis (and by inference, in other Tradescantia) is argued to be mitotic crossing-over, since other mechanisms operating on its genotype do not allow for twin spots arising as the result of one event. This is supported by the prediction of all three types of sectors in the proper order of frequency as well as by the calculation of a “coefficientof coincidence” and a radiation response that are similar to those found for mitotic crossing-over in Drosophila. 相似文献
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Khomichenko AA Skorobogatova IV Karsunkina NP Zaĭnullin VG 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2007,47(5):578-583
The purpose of the present work was studying the possible interrelation of the hormonal status of plants and size of the genetic effects induced by an irradiation in small dozes. The frequency of somatic mutations in strings Tradescantia (a clone 02) at an irradiation in dozes up to 28 cGy was estimated. Influence radiations in a range from background up to 28 cGy on the maintenance in inflorescences Tradescantia (a clone 02) the basic groups of plant hormones is investigated: abscisic acid, cytokinin, auxin and gibberellin A3. It is shown, that small dozes of an irradiation cause extremely radical changes of hormonal balance in fabrics of inflorescences Tradescantia. Received results are discussed with attraction of the data on influence phytohormones on kinetics a cellular cycle. 相似文献
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J R Batalha E T Guimar?es D J Lobo A J Lichtenfels T Deur H A Carvalho E S Alves M Domingos G S Rodrigues P H Saldiva 《Mutation research》1999,426(2):229-232
This study was designed to determine the clastogenicity of particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 microm) in the urban polluted air in the city of S?o Paulo. The Tradescantia-micronucleus (Trad-MCN) assay was used throughout this study to evaluate the clastogenicity of the extracts of the particulate matter. Tradescantia pallida (Rose) Hunt. cv. purpurea, an indigenous cultivar, was used in the Trad-MCN assay. The efficacy of this plant material for the Trad-MCN assay was validated with dose-response studies using formaldehyde and beta radiation. Dose-response curves were established with these known mutagens. The extracts of the PM10 particles at concentrations between 5 and 50 ppm induced a dose-related increase in MCN frequencies. The results indicate that T. pallida is equally sensitive to mutagens as the standard Tradescantia clone 4430 or 03 and the particulate matter in the urban air are clastogenic to the chromosomes of this plant. Inhalation of these particles by urban dwellers may affect their health by inducing similar genetic damage. 相似文献
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It has been proposed that the genera Zebrina and Setcreasea of the family Commelinaceae should be united and reunited, respectively, with the genus Tradescantia, mainly based on morphological studies. In the present study, karyotypes and Giemsa C-banding patterns in the root-tip cells of three Zebrina and two Setcreasea clones were analyzed, and were compared with those of a triploid Tradescantia clone. Z. pendula and Z. purpusii (both 2n = 24) were found to have similar karyotypes (4 M + 6 ST + 14 T; M = meta-, ST = subtelo-, T = telocentric chromosomes), while Z. pendula cv Quadricolor (2n = 23) had a unique karyotype (6 M + 5 ST + 11 T + 1 SA; SA = short acrocentric chromosome). The only clear difference between Z. pendula and Z. purpusii was that one and two subtelocentric chromosomes, respectively, had satellites at the short arms. Two clones of S. purpurea (2n = 24) had karyotypes (8 M + 8 M' + 8 SM; M' = nearly meta-, SM = submetacentric chromosomes) similar to each other. T. ohiensis (2n = 18) had a symmetric karyotype (9 M + 9 SM) consisting of larger chromosomes than S. purpurea. Many clear Giemsa C-bands were detected, in addition to centromeric bands in all chromosomes of all clones. Z. pendula and Z. purpusii commonly had single clear interstitial bands in eight telocentric chromosomes each, but they also had unique telomeric and other interstitial bands, respectively. Z. pendula cv Quadricolor had a unique banding pattern, i.e., satellite bands in the unique short chromosome, telomeric bands at the long arms of all metacentric chromosomes, and single interstitial bands in six telocentric chromosomes. Two clones of S. purpurea had telomeric bands at many chromosome arms and satellite bands in two nearly metacentric and one submetacentric chromosomes, but some differences were found between them. On the other hand, all the chromosomes of T. ohiensis had telomeric bands at both arms, and three submetacentric chromosomes had satellite bands. These result prove structural differentiation of chromosomes occurred among the clones, especially in Zebrina, and show that S. purpurea is relatively close to T. ohiensis, while Zebrina is obviously distant from the other two genera. Therefore, there remains a question cytologically at least for uniting Zebrina with Tradescantia. 相似文献
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Photosynthetic acclimation of Tradescantia albiflora to growth irradiance: morphological, ultrastructural and growth responses 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Heather Y. Adamson W. S. Chow Jan M. Anderson Maret Vesk M. W. Sutherland 《Physiologia plantarum》1991,82(3):353-359
Tradescantia albiflora (Kunth), a trailing ground species naturally occurring in deep shade in rainforests, has an unusual photosynthetic acclimation profile for growth irradiance. Although capable of increasing its capacity for electron transport, photophosphorylation and carbon fixation when grown in full sunlight, Tradescantia has constant chlorophyll alb ratios, photosystem reaction centre stoichiometry and pigment-protein composition at all growth irradiances (Chow et al. 1991. Physiol. Plant. 81: 175–182). To gain an insight into the compensatory strategies which allow Tradescantia to grow in both high and low lights, plants were grown under shade cloth (100 to 1.4% relative growth irradiance) and leaf and chloroplast attributes were compared. While shade Tradescantia chloroplasts had three times more chlorophyll per chloroplast and twice the length of thylakoid membranes compared to plants grown in full sunlight, the ratios of appressed to nonappressed thylakoid membranes were constant. The average net surface charge density of destacked thylakoids was the same for plants grown at moderate and low-irradiance, consistent with their similar stacking profiles. Tradescantia plants grown in direct sunlight had 10-times more fresh and dry weight per plant compared to plants grown in shade, despite a lower photosynthetic capacity on a leaf area basis with partial photoinhibition. We conclude that having a light-harvesting apparatus permanently locked into the "shade-plant mode " does not necessarily prevent a plant from thriving in high light. Analyses of leaf growth at different irradiances provide a partial explanation of the manner in which Tradescantia compensates for very low photosynthetic capacity per unit leaf in sunlight. 相似文献
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F. Scaramuzzi G. Apollonio S. D'Emerico 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2000,36(5):379-382
Summary In our wide-ranging research on in vitro propagation of some monocotyledonous plants, two Commelinaceae species were studied: Tradescantia fluminensis var. foliis variegatis and Tradescantia pallida. Initial cultures were established successfully using nodal and apical meristems that produced single shoots, many roots,
and no callus, by utilizing growth regulator-free MS medium. Addition of growth regulators did not increase the activity of
explants that produced single or multiple shoots, atypical roots, and no callus. Consecutive cultures were possible using
the apical and nodal meristems of the previous generation. The behavior of the different generations in culture did not change
and was similar to the initial cultures. Their growth capacity was maintained over many months, also on a growth regulator-free
medium. In both species, the chromosome number in the root tips of the mother plant and all morphologically stable in vitro plantlets confirmed a constant ploidy level, in T. fluminensis 2n=72, and in T. pallida 2n=24. 相似文献
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Diurnal patterns of CO2 exchange and fluctuations of tissuemalic acid concentrations were investigated in three speciesof Commelinaceae: Callisia fragrans and Tripogandra multiflorafrom Jamaica, and Tradescantia brevifolia from southern Texas.Very low levels of CAM gas exchange were induced by droughtstress in C. fragrans and T. multiflora. In addition, past indicationsof CAM-cycling in the two Jamaican species were confirmed indrought-stressed plants; however, only C. fragrans exhibitedCAM-cycling under well-watered conditions. CAM-cycling underdrought stress was also found in T. brevifolia. This constitutesthe first report of CAM (sensu lato) in the genus Tradescantia.The importance of low-level CAM in these three species is discussedas a potential adaptation to drought.Copyright 1994, 1999 AcademicPress Callisia fragrans, Tradescantia brevifolia, Tripogandra multiflora, Commelinaceae, CO2 exchange, Crassulacean acid metabolism, CAM-cycling, CAM-idling, drought stress, malic acid fluctuations 相似文献