血管紧张素转换酶纯化与性质研究

为了深入了解猪肺血管紧张素转换酶 (angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)的性质和功能 ,对猪肺 ACE的分离纯化以及部分酶学性质进行了研究 .猪肺组织匀浆经 1 .6～ 2 .6mol/L硫酸铵分级沉淀等步骤后 ,利用亲和胶进行亲和层析分离 .2 0 0 g猪肺组织中提纯出 0 .79mg ACE,比活力 38.8U/mg,SDS- PAGE电泳鉴定为一条带 ,分子量约 1 80 k D,等电点 (p I)为 p H4.5,糖含量约 2 3.6% ,氨基酸组成分析发现猪肺 ACE分子中含有 1 346个氨基酸 ,其中酸性氨基酸含量较高 ,碘乙酸的修饰结果表明猪肺 ACE中巯基基团未参与酶的催化反应 .酶反应动力学结果显示 ,ACE催化 Fa PGG底物反应时的最适 p H大约为 p H 7.6,反应活化能 Ea=4.37× 1 0 4 J/mol,酶活性部位附近的组氨酸和具有类似 α-氨基性质的氨基酸可能参与了 ACE催化反应 .有关猪肺 ACE的基本生化性质、氨基酸组成以及酶学性质的结果 ,为今后深入研究奠定了基础 .     

猪肺血管紧张素转换酶的提纯

本文报道了猪肺血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)的提纯方法及其鉴定,并讨论了方法的改进。肺匀浆经1.6—2.6mol/L硫酸铵沉淀,Sephadex G-200凝胶过滤,DEAE-Sephaeel及羟基磷灰石柱层析步骤,从168克肺中获得4.5毫克酶蛋白纯品。活力回收45.2％,比活力15.6单位/毫克蛋白;和匀浆上清比较,提纯390倍。经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(pH8.3)鉴定为一条带。按SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)测得其分子量为132,000道尔顿。酶蛋白在-30℃貯存10月,比活力丢失30％。     

葡萄糖氧化酶的有机相共价固定化

将葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)在最适pH条件下冻干后,以戊二醛活化的壳聚糖为载体,分别在传统水相和1,4-二氧六环、乙醚、乙醇三种不同的有机相中进行共价固定化。通过比较水相固定化酶和有机相固定化酶的酶比活力、酶学性质及酶动力学参数,考察酶在有机相中的刚性特质对酶在共价固定化过程中保持酶活力的影响。结果表明,戊二醛浓度为0.1%、加酶量为80 mg/1 g载体、含水1.6%的1,4-二氧六环有机相固定化GOD与水相共价固定化GOD相比,酶比活力提高2.9倍,有效酶活回收率提高3倍;在连续使用7次后,1,4-二氧六环有机相固定化GOD的酶活力仍为相应水相固定化酶的3倍。在酶动力学参数方面,不论是表观米氏常数,最大反应速度还是转换数,1,4-二氧六环有机相固定化的GOD(Kmapp=5.63 mmol/L,Vmax=1.70μmol/(min.mgGOD),Kcat=0.304 s-1)都优于水相共价固定化GOD(Kmapp=7.33 mmol/L,Vmax=1.02μmol/(min.mg GOD),Kcat=0.221 s-1)。因此,相比于传统水相,GOD在合适的有机相中进行共价固定化可以获得具有更高酶活力和更优催化性质的固定化酶。该发现可能为酶蛋白在共价固定化时因构象改变而丢失生物活性的问题提供解决途径。     

Lisinopril和Losartan对乳鼠心脏成纤维细胞AT1受体基因表达水平和ACE活力的影响

为了解两种降压药物 -血管紧张素转换酶 (angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)抑制剂(lisinopril)和血管紧张素 型受体 (AT1 R)拮抗剂 (losartan)在心脏间质组织中的作用 ,进行了药物对乳鼠心脏成纤维细胞 AT1 R基因表达和血管紧张素转换酶活力影响的实验 .用 RT- PCR方法检测体外培养乳鼠心脏成纤维细胞 AT1 R基因的表达 .结果显示 ,losartan在 1 0 -7～ 1 0 -4 mol/L浓度范围内对心肌成纤维细胞 AT1 R基因表达有激活作用 ,其中 1 0 -5mol/L浓度激活作用最强 ;1 0 -5mol/L losartan对 AT1 R基因表达呈现明显的时间依赖性变化 ,当加入 1 h后 ,AT1 R基因表达量增加 2倍 ,随后出现一过性下降 ,2 4 h时回升并维持在一较高水平 .与 losartan相比 ,lisinopril对 AT1 R基因的表达无明显影响 .酶活实验结果显示 ,lisinopril明显抑制心肌成纤维细胞中的ACE活力 ,随时间延长 ,酶活力逐渐恢复 (1 2 .6× 1 0 -3 U/mg) ;而 losartan则对酶活力的影响不明显 ,仅是在 1 2 h后 ,ACE活力才略有升高 .实验结果证明 ,在心脏成纤维细胞中存在有 ACE和AT1 R,并且后者受 losartan以浓度和时间依赖方式的调节 .     

人胎盘酸性β-1,4葡萄糖苷酶的纯化及部分性质

 本文以正常人胎盘为材料,通过匀浆、硫酸铵分级分离、20％正丁醇抽提、Sephadex G-200凝胶过滤及Concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B亲和层析等分离纯化步骤,制备获得了纯化3705倍的酸性β-1,4葡萄糖苷酶,其比活性和获得率分别为277261.33n mol·(mg Prot·h)~(-1)和14.3％。 经agarosn-IEF检验,该纯化的酸性β-1,4葡萄糖苷酶已达蛋白电泳单点纯,PI为5.2。经3～28％梯度PAGE,求知该酶单体分子量为74kD。该纯制酶极不稳定,4℃贮存6天后活性即降低50％以上,与其特异性抗体结合后,活性全部被抑制。     

黄姑鱼肌肉胆碱酯酶的纯化及其某些性质

用亲和层析方法纯化了黄姑鱼(Nibea albiflora)肌肉胆碱酯酶。结合在膜上的胆碱酯酶用两种非离子型表面活性剂的混合液抽提、硫酸铵分级沉淀、再经一次亲和层析,共提纯11,800倍,最高比活力达2180活力单位/毫克蛋白,总活力回收约20%。纯化后的酶用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,除部分酶蛋白留在原点外,在凝胶内为单一蛋白染色区带,具有酶活力。SephadexG-200凝胶过滤得两个酶活力峰。亲和吸附剂在八个月内反复使用近20次,性能不变。对酶的一般性质作了初步的研究。根据酶的底物专一性、受真性酶专一性抑制剂抑制作用的敏感性及过量底物抑制作用的存在,可以认为黄姑鱼肌肉胆碱酯酶基本上具有真性酶的特征。     

黄姑鱼肌肉胆碱酯酶的纯化及其某些性质

用亲和层析方法纯化了黄姑鱼(Nibea albifiora)肌肉胆碱酯酶。结合在膜上的胆碱酯酶用两种非离子型表面活性剂的混合液抽提、硫酸铵分级沉淀、再经一次亲和层析,共提纯11,800倍,最高比活力达2180活力单位/毫克蛋白,总活力回收约20%。纯化后的酶用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,除部分酶蛋白留在原点外,在凝胶内为单一蛋白染色区带,具有酶活力。SephadexG-200凝胶过滤得两个酶活力峰。亲和吸附剂在八个月内反复使用近20次,性能不变。对酶的一般性质作了初步的研究。根据酶的底物专一性、受真性酶专一性抑制剂抑制作用的敏感性及过量底物抑制作用的存在,可以认为黄姑鱼肌肉胆碱酯酶基本上具有真性酶的特征。     

黑曲霉纤维素酶的纯化及酶学性质研究

黑曲霉(Aspergillusniger)固态发酵后粗酶液经硫酸铵盐析,2次SephadexG-200柱层析后可提纯8倍左右.CMC酶最适作用温度为60℃,最适作用pH为3.5,30℃～70℃区间酶活力较稳定,在pH3.0～5.0范围内,50℃保温30min能保持80%的酶活力.CMC酶的Km、Vmax值分别为7.69%CMCg/ml、0.33mg/ml·     

毕赤酵母高密度发酵表达血管紧张素转化酶C-结构域

血管紧张素转化酶（ACE, EC3.4.15.1）在调节血压方面具有重要作用。研究证实,ACE的C结构域（ACE-C）是使血管紧张素I (AngI)分解的主要活性位点。在5 L 发酵罐中, 对重组毕赤酵母表达ACE C-结构域的发酵工艺进行优化,探讨温度、pH、甲醇浓度等主要因素对重组蛋白表达量和酶活力的影响。结果表明,当工业培养基添加2%蛋白胨为氮源时, ACE C-结构域的降解现象得到了有效控制;采用诱导温度为26℃,pH5.5,甲醇含量为1.5%的表达条件,ACE C-结构域表达量和酶活力分别达到446 mg/L和38.2U/ml,比活力达到86U/mg,是Sigma公司ACE标准品比活力的2倍,为大规模制备ACE C-结构域蛋白,筛选专一性更强的ACE C-结构域抑制剂奠定了基础。     

酿酒酵母3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶的诱导、提纯和性质

在YEPD培养基中添加NaCl,可以诱导酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)细胞内3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶的形成,当NaCl浓度达5％时,酶比活从0.05U/mg提高0.5U/mg;若再限制培养墓中葡萄糖浓度在100mg/L以下,酶比活可达到0.89U/mg。酶比活与培养基中的NaCl浓度的函数关系式为:Sa=0.129C~3-0.038C~2+0.034C+0.063(0≤C≤5％)。粗酶液经Sephadex G-25凝胶过滤,Blue Sepharose亲和层析以及Mono Q离子交换等步骤,提纯123.6倍,得纯酶液。经SDS-凝胶电泳测得分子量为45000±2000。酶的最适温度为51℃,最适pH值为6.8。保温30分钟的半失活温度(t_(1/2))为41℃。NADH和DHAP的Km(mmol/L)值分别为:0.017和0.134。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.