钝顶螺旋藻品系6的生物学特性

本文报道了钝顶螺旋藻(SpiruIina platensis.)品系6在室内的培养技术。提出本品系室内培养最适温度在26—30℃。当光照强度不同时,所获生物量不同。用Pinevitch(1970年)的方法培养在1/2浓度下生长最佳。它的粗纤维含量较低,认为是饲喂海珍品幼体的理想饵料,是适于温带生长的螺旋藻品系之一。     

一种生活在污水中的螺旋藻新品系的分离和培养

从污水中分离到一种螺旋藻新品系,并筛选到适合的培养基。藻体长1750μm,在适宜的条件下,藻体活跃地摆动和转动。其生活环境水质呈弱酸性和中性,盐度低,温度变化范围5～34℃,氮(N)、磷(P)浓度分别为4．53～4．96mg／L和0．39～0．48mg／L,达到超富营养化水平;培养试验表明,这种螺旋藻只适应在弱光下生长,与一般螺旋藻喜高温、高光、耐碱耐盐的特性显著不同。NH4^ 有利于这种螺旋藻的生长,是一种适合于在污水中生长的螺旋藻,有可能在水质净化方面得到应用。     

高浓度CO_2对极大螺旋藻生长和光合作用的影响

以极大螺旋藻作为实验材料 ,研究了高CO2 浓度对极大螺旋藻的生长和光合作用效应 ,结果表明在高光强下 (40 0 μmolm- 2 s- 1 ) ,高浓度CO2 对其生长和光合作用有明显的影响 ,高浓度CO2 培养下 ,螺旋藻的比生长速率是低浓度CO2 培养的 1 2倍 ;而在低光强下 ,高浓度CO2 对其生长和光合作用无明显影响。两种不同CO2 浓度和光强下培养的极大螺旋藻 ,在不同的生长时期 ,分别测定其P -I曲线 ,结果表明低光强下培养的极大螺旋藻 ,在 5d、8d、1 1d ,两者的Ik、α值均无显著差异 ,Pmax在第 5d、1 1d差异不显著 ,但在第 8d有显著差异。而在高光强培养条件下 ,第 8、1 1d通高浓度CO2 培养的极大螺旋藻 ,其Pmax、α值明显大于通低浓度CO2 培养的极大螺旋藻 ,但两者在第 5d无明显差异。     

高浓度CO2对极大螺旋藻生长和光合作用的影响

以极大螺旋藻作为实验材料,研究了高CO2浓度对极大螺旋藻的生长和光合作用效应,结果表明在高光强下（400μmolm^-2s^-1),高浓度CO2对其生长和光合作用有明显的影响。高浓度CO2培养下,辈放荡中的比生长速率是低浓度CO2培养的1.2倍;而在低光强下,高浓度CO2对其生长和光合作用无明显影响。两种不同CO2浓度和光强下培养的极大螺旋藻,在不同的生长时期,分别测定其P-I曲线,结果表明,低光强下培养的极大螺旋藻,在5d、8d、11d,两者的Ik、α值均无显著差异,Pmax在第5d、11d差异不显著,但在第8d有显著差异。而在高光强培养条件下,第8、11d通高浓度CO2培养的极大螺旋藻,其Pmax、α值明显大于通低浓度CO2培养的极大螺旋藻,但两者在第5d无明显差异。     

培养条件对螺旋藻生长和藻胆蛋白含量的影响

研究了不同质量浓度尿素代替硝酸钠作氮源和不同氯化钠质量浓度改变渗透压对螺旋藻的生长和藻胆蛋白含量的影响。结果发现适宜质量浓度尿素 ( 0 .1g·L-1)培养可加快螺旋藻生长 ,增加藻胆蛋白含量 ;质量浓度高于 0 .2g·L-1其生长受到抑制 ;而质量浓度过高 (≥ 0 .4g/L)时培养几天螺旋藻即断裂并逐渐死亡。培养基中不加氯化钠或质量浓度为 2 0g·L-1时培养 ,生长速度均与对照相当 ,但藻胆蛋白含量比对照要高 ;质量浓度为 40g·L-1～ 6 0g·L-1时培养 ,其生长明显变慢 ,且氯化钠浓度越高生长越慢 ;当质量浓度过高 (≥ 6 0g·L-1)时培养 3d ,螺旋藻细胞即破裂死亡。     

利用云南永胜县程海湖碱水驯化培养钝顶螺旋藻的研究

本实验利用云南永胜县程海湖的碱水配制培养基,在当地的气候条件下驯化培养钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis),筛选得CH-1,CH-2和CH-3三种培养基配方。室外连续培养共240天,其中采用CH-2培养基室外大量培养90天,培养面积75平方米,连续测定20天的干藻粉产量为12.5克/米~2·天,纯度为95%,干藻粉的蛋白质含量55—63%。除色氨酸未测定外,含有另外的17种氨基酸。从程海碱水驯化培养的钝顶螺旋藻群体中,筛选获得一个螺旋藻新品系——Spirulinaplatensis str. CH-1。与原品系比较,其特点是藻丝和螺距都较长,螺旋更宽,具有上浮性较好的优势,适合在用程海碱水配制的培养基中生长。实验结果表明,利用程海丰富的湖水资源和适宜的气候条件,发展螺旋藻生产是可行的。     

特定红外辐射对钝顶螺旋藻生长的影响①

在室内和荧光灯照射条件下培养钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina Platensis)。用特定红外辐射适当处理该藻种,可改变该藻的生长动力学曲线。在本实验条件下,可提高最大生物量L42%。此外,还考察了该特定红外辐射影响该藻生长的原因。     

螺旋藻及其水提物对肠道菌群体外生长的影响

体外观察螺旋藻及其水提物对肠道菌群生长的影响。结果表明 ,螺旋藻及其水提物对双歧杆菌和乳杆菌和生长具有显著的促进作用 (培养 48h,P<0 .0 0 1) ,对肠道其他菌亦有不同程度的促进作用 ,而对大肠埃希菌的促生长作用不显著 (P>0 .0 5 )。     

光照对螺旋藻生长速率的影响

螺旋藻是一种经济价值很高的微藻。针对螺旋藻的高光效性,在不同波长LED灯照射下,研究光照对螺旋藻生长速率的影响。结果表明,在螺旋藻的养殖中,经过红光(650-675 nm)、绿光(522-532 nm)和蓝光(465-475 nm)处理后,获得最大螺旋藻的干物质含量分别为1.232 g/L、1.195 g/L、0.742 g/L;红光处理过的螺旋藻生长速度最快,所得的干物质含量比对照样增加了66.04%。     

利用工业废水、废气（CO2）和余热培养的螺旋藻生物学特性研究

本文在国内首次报道了利用生产碱的工厂排放的废水、废气(C02)和余热资源大量培养螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)及在这样的条件下温度、光照和pH对螺旋藻生长的影响。指出利用工业废水、废气(C02)和余热资源大规模培养螺旋藻是降低生产成本的理想方案之一。同时说明螺旋藻的生产可能在国民经济中发挥的作用及所具有的潜力。     

Optimization of Pseudoalteromonas sp. JYBCL 1 culture conditions, medium composition and extracellular β-agarase activity

Extracellular agarase produced by the Pseudoalteromonas strain JYBCL 1 is used in a variety of applications in the biotechnology, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. The optimization of culture conditions for agarase-producing microbes and agarase activity is thus an important consideration in many industrial applications. In this study, the optimum medium composition and culture conditions for the JYBCL 1 strain were determined using the ??one factor at a time?? (OFAT) method and a Plackett-Burman design. Optimal cell growth was obtained at a temperature of 25°C and when 10 g/L tryptone was present in the culture medium. Optimal agarase activity occurred at a temperature of 40°C and at pH 6. The presence of carbonyl groups in the extracellular agarase hydrolysis products was verified using FT-IR. LC-MS identified the hydrolyzates as neoagarohexaose, neoagarotetraose, and neoagarobiose. The extracellular agarase produced by the JYBCL 1 strain used in this study was identified as ??-agarase by ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy.     

红皮云杉外生菌根菌生物学特性的研究

通过对红皮云杉 (PiceakoraiensisNakai) 4种外生菌根菌的生物学特性的研究 ,确定 4种外生菌根菌的生长所需最适温度、最适碳源、最适氮源以及最适pH值 ,以便应用于菌种的大量生产。试验结果表明 :林地蘑菇 (AgaricussilvaticusSchaeff.)和菌株L15生长最适温度相对较高 ,均为 30℃ ,属于耐高温菌 ;而菌株 0 31和菌株 0 0 9生长最适温度分别为 2 5℃和 2 0℃ ,属于中温菌。各菌株生长所需最适pH值均为 6 5。林地蘑菇生长所需最佳碳源为麦芽糖和蔗糖 ;菌株 0 0 9生长所需最佳碳源为蔗糖 ;菌株L15和菌株 0 31生长所需最佳碳源为葡萄糖。除菌株 0 0 9生长所需最佳氮源为硝酸钠外 ,其余菌株生长所需最佳氮源均为天门冬酰氨。     

Restriction endonuclease Asi256I recognizes and cuts the nucleotide sequence 5′-GATC-3′

A strain producing a restriction endonuclease was isolated from soil samples and identified as the Arthrobacter sp. strain Ck256. The enzyme produced by this strain was termed Asi256I. The isolation procedure for this enzyme was described, and the optimal conditions for its function were determined. It was shown that the restriction endonuclease Asi256I is a true isoschizomer of MboI, it has a temperature optimum of 6°C, and can be used in molecular-biological and genetic-engineering studies performed at low temperatures.     

两品系蒙古裸腹溞种群补偿生长及适宜食物密度

研究了两品系蒙古裸腹溞(晋南品系和内蒙品系)继饥饿后的补偿生长及其生长发育的适宜食物密度。结果表明,两品系蒙古裸腹溞生长发育的最适食物——篕∏蛟迕芏染?50×104/mL。对两品系蒙古裸腹溞而言,饥饿0.5d的蒙古裸腹溞有全补偿生长,饥饿1~2d有部分补偿生长现象,饥饿超过3d已没有补偿生长。可以认为,蒙古裸腹溞仅在短时间饥饿时有补偿生长现象的发生。     

Decolorization of a dye industry effluent by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aspergillus fumigatus</Emphasis> XC6

The strain Aspergillus fumigatus XC6 isolated from mildewing rice straw was evaluated for its ability to decolorize a dye industry effluent. The strain was capable of decolorizing dyes effluent over a pH range 3.0–8.0 with the dyes as sole carbon and nitrogen sources. The optimum pH was 3.0; however, supplemented with either appropriate nitrogen sources (0.2% NH₄Cl or (NH₄)₂SO₄ ) or carbon sources (1.0% sucrose or potato starch), the strain decolorized the effluent completely at the original pH of the dyes effluent. Therefore, A. fumigatus XC6 is an efficient strain for the decolorization of reactive textile dyes effluents, and it might be a practical alternative in dyeing wastewater treatment.     

Isolation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Halophilic Archaeon AJ6

Halophilic archaeon A J6 was isolated and purified from the Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Strain AJ6 is a Gram-negative rod whose size is 0.2-0.6 by 1.6-4.2 μm,wherein a few cells are globular.The optimum salt concentration for its growth is 20% NaC1 and 0.6% Mg2+,and the optimum pH is 6.0-7.0.Morphological,physiological,and biochemical characteristics of strain AJ6 were observed.The 16S rRNA encoding gene (16S rDNA)sequence of strain A J6 was amplified by PCR,and its nucteotide sequence was determined subsequently."Clustalw"and"PHYLIP"software bags were used to analyze the 16S rDNA sequence;the homology was compared,and then the phylogenetic tree was established.The results indicate that strain AJ6 is a novel species of the genus Natrinema.The GenBank accession number of the 16S rDNA sequences of strain AJ6 is AY277584.     

Influence of environmental parameters on polyphosphate accumulation inAcinetobacter sp.

The regulation of and the optimum conditions for polyphosphate accumulation inAcinetobacter sp. were determined.Acinetobacter strain 210A accumulated polyphosphate in the presence of an intra- or extracellular energy source. The accumulation of polyphosphate during endogenous respiration was stimulated by streptomycin and inhibited by KCN. The highest amount of polyphosphate was found in cells in which energy supply was not limited, namely at low growth rates under sulphur limitation, and in the stationary phase of growth when either the nitrogen or the sulphur source was depleted. The phosphorus accumulation was not affected by the pH between 6.5 and 9. There was a pronounced effect of the temperature on phosphorus accumulation but is varied from strain to strain.Acinetobacter strain 210A accumulated more phosphate at low temperatures, strain B8 showed an optimum accumulation at 27.5° C, while strain P accumulated phosphorus independently of the temperature. The optimum temperature for growth ofAcinetobacter strains tested ranged from 25 to 33° C, and the optimum pH was between 6 and 9.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gracilibacillus kimchii</Emphasis> sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from kimchi

A novel halophilic bacterium, strain K7^T, was isolated from kimchi, a traditional Korean fermented food. The strain is Gram-positive, motile, and produces terminal endospores. The isolate is facultative aerobic and grows at salinities of 0.0–25.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10–15% NaCl), pH 5.5–8.5 (optimum pH 7.0–7.5), and 15–42°C (optimum 37°C). The predominant isoprenoid quinone in the strain is menaquinone-7 and the peptidoglycan of the strain is meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major fatty acids of the strain are anteisio-C_15:0, iso-C_15:0, and, C_16:0 (other components were < 10.0%), while the major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and three unidentified lipids. A phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that the isolated strain was a cluster of the genus Gracilibacillus. High levels of gene sequence similarity were observed between strain K7^T and Gracilibacillus orientalis XH-63^T (96.5%), and between the present strain and Gracilibacillus xinjiangensis (96.5%). The DNA G+C content of this strain is 37.7 mol%. Based on these findings, strain K7^T is proposed as a novel species: Gracilibacillus kimchii sp. nov. The type strain is K7^T (KACC 18669^T; JCM 31344^T).     

Isolation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Halophilic Archaeon AJ6

Halophilic archaeon AJ6 was isolated and purified from the Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Strain AJ6 is a Gram-negative rod whose size is 0.2–0.6 by 1.6–4.2 μm, wherein a few cells are globular. The optimum salt concentration for its growth is 20% NaCl and 0.6% Mg²⁺, and the optimum pH is 6.0–7.0. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of strain AJ6 were observed. The 16S rRNA encoding gene (16S rDNA) sequence of strain AJ6 was amplified by PCR, and its nucleotide sequence was determined subsequently. “Clustalw” and “PHYLIP” software bags were used to analyze the 16S rDNA sequence; the homology was compared, and then the phylogenetic tree was established. The results indicate that strain AJ6 is a novel species of the genus Natrinema. The GenBank accession number of the 16S rDNA sequences of strain AJ6 is AY277584. Translated from Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition), 2005, 32(1) (in Chinese)     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Virgibacillus kimchii</Emphasis> sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from kimchi

A Gram-stain-positive, halophilic, rod-shaped, non-motile, spore forming bacterium, strain NKC1-2^T, was isolated from kimchi, a Korean fermented food. Comparative analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence demonstrated that the isolated strain was a species of the genus Virgibacillus. Strain NKC1-2^T exhibited high level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strains of Virgibacillus xinjiangensis SL6-1^T (96.9%), V. sediminis YIM kkny3^T (96.8%), and V. salarius SA-Vb1^T (96.7%). The isolate grew at pH 6.5–10.0 (optimum, pH 8.5–9.0), 0.0–25.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 10–15% NaCl), and 15–50°C (optimum, 37°C). The major menaquinone in the strain was menaquinone-7, and the main peptidoglycan of the strain was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant fatty acids of the strain were iso-C_14:0, anteisio-C_15:0, iso- C_15:0, and iso-C_16:0 (other components were < 10.0%). The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The genomic DNA G + C content of NKC1-2^T was 42.5 mol%. On the basis of these findings, strain NKC1-2^T is proposed as a novel species in the genus Virgibacillus, for which the name Virgibacillus kimchii sp. nov. is proposed (=KACC 19404^T =JCM 32284^T). The type strain of Virgibacillus kimchii is NKC1-2T.