颈槽蛇的地理变异

地理变异是蛇类中较为常见的现象。颈槽蛇Rhabdophis nuchalis在中国具有广泛的地理分布,是研究地理变异的理想物种。统计分析采自中国各地的61号颈槽蛇标本外部形态特征,对其地理变异模式进行了研究。结果表明:来自云南省高黎贡山的种群与其他种群在眶后鳞数、腹鳞数、上唇鳞黑纹的数量和后颔片间是否有小鳞等形态特征上的差异有统计学意义。     

高黎贡山雉类生境预测

物种分布信息对野生动物的保护和管理至关重要。基于物种访查数据和气候数据,采用基于物种生境偏好、利比希最小因子定律和谢尔福德耐受性定律构建的生态位模型,综合考虑物种出现点和环境变量,预测了高黎贡山白尾梢虹雉Lophophorus sclateri、血雉Ithaginis cruentus、白鹇Lophura nycthemera、白腹锦鸡Chrysolophus amherstiae的潜在分布区域。结果表明,模型对4种雉类的预测均达到较好效果;白尾梢虹雉、血雉、白鹇和白腹锦鸡的潜在生境总面积分别为6 432 km^2、8 464 km^2、9 573 km^2和13 691 km^2,白鹇和白腹锦鸡的潜在生境面积大于白尾梢虹雉和血雉,但后两者具有更多的高质量生境。高黎贡山北段是4种雉类潜在生境的重叠区,为高黎贡山雉类保护的优先区域,尤其是白尾梢虹雉,建议加大该区域的雉类调查和保护力度。     

交让木与黄腹角雉

黄腹角雉（Ｔｒａｇｏｐａｎｃａｂｏｔｉ）是中国特产的鸡形目珍禽,仅生活在我国东部的亚热带常绿阔叶林中。雄雉羽色艳丽,头顶有一对钴蓝色的肉质角,喉下垂着一个橙黄色的肉裾;雌雉体色暗淡,远不及雄雉美丽。每年３月,处于发情期的雄雉头上肉角伸直,胸前肉裾极度膨胀,极具特色。目前,由于人类经济活动等原因所导致的栖息地片段化和种群数量稀少,黄腹角雉已成为濒危鸟类而被列为国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物。交让木（Ｄａｐｈｎｉｐｈｙｌｌｕｍｍａｃｒｏｐｏｄｕｍ）是交让木科常绿乔木,广布于我国长江以南各地和台湾省,也见于朝鲜…     

秦岭北坡雉类种群密度和群落结构的初步研究

本研究将秦岭北坡周至自然保护区划分为4个生态地理类型带,在以Gates截线法调查雉类种群密度的基础上,对不同生态地理类型雉类群落结构进行了研究。结果表明,秦岭北坡雉类的物种多样性与植被和海拔有一定关系,环境的稳定性对雉类物种多样性有着一定影响。调查中还发现红腹锦鸡已分布到海拔2700 m的山坡上。     

亚洲南部球果蝠Sphaerias blanfordi(Thomas,1891)的亚种分化

球果蝠Sphaerias blanfordi(Thomas,1891)是亚洲南部喜马拉雅-印度支那地区的特有种,甚为罕见而少有报道.曾被认为是单型种,几乎无雄性特征的描述.蔡桂全和张遁治(1980)根据采自西藏东南部墨脱的2只雄性标本订了一亚种一墨脱亚种Sphaerias blanfordi motuoensis,其主要特征是颈下侧有一对灰黄色的圆形毛斑.中国科学院昆明动物研究所先后在云南西北部高黎贡山地区采获25号标本(9♂♂,16♀♀),发现球果蝠两性在外形上有明显的性别差异,雄性的颈下侧有一对圆形、灰黄色的刷状毛斑,但雌性均无;对比墨脱标本,认为墨脱亚种的鉴别特征不可靠,亚种不能成立.Lunde(2003)曾报道采自越南北部Mt.Tay Con Linh Ⅱ地区的43号标本,其前臂长和上犬齿外宽明显与印度、缅甸和云南西北部高黎贡山地区的标本不同,可能是真正的地理亚种.     

四川首次发现紫水鸡

1984年10月5日在四川蒲江首次发现紫水鸡(Porphyrio porphyrio poliocophylus)。标本采于县城附近的稻田中。1♀。体重350克、全长480、嘴峰32、翅长230、尾长90、跗蹠85毫米。额甲后缘呈截平状。头顶灰褐染紫,至颈侧和上体转紫蓝色,而颈部色泽较浓,与肩、背有较明显的界限;肩、翼覆羽及两翼表面景泰蓝色;尾黑褐沾蓝;头侧、颏、喉至胸景泰蓝色;下体紫蓝色,但下腹及肛周较暗;尾下覆羽白色。虹膜血红色;嘴和额甲红色;跗蹠和趾橙黄色。人工喂养可食菜叶、谷物、鱼、肉等。紫水鸡广泛分布于旧大陆热带地区。在亚洲,其最北分布区曾记于巴基斯坦…     

中国鸟类种的新记录——长嘴鹩鹛Rimator malacoptilus

1990 - 10 - 2 4,笔者在云南西北部贡山独龙族怒族自治县高黎贡山西坡从事鸟类调查时 ,在独龙江乡木里哇海拔 2 0 2 0ｍ的山坡悬钩子灌丛中张网捕获 2只画眉亚科鸟类标本 ,经鉴定确认为长嘴鹩鹛 (Ｒｉｍａｔｏｒｍａｌａｃｏｐｔｉｌｕｓ) ,系中国鸟类种的新记录。标本保存于中国科学院昆明动物研究所鸟类标本室。现将所采获的长嘴鹩鹛标本形态描述如下 :上体暗棕褐色 ,各羽具显著的亮皮黄色羽干纹 ;腰至尾上覆羽赭茶黄色 ;飞羽黑褐色 ,外侧羽片棕褐 ;尾羽暗棕褐色。颏、喉浅棕白色 ;胸和胁棕褐 ,具棕黄色纵纹 ;腹部中央皮黄色 ;肛周和尾下…     

西藏鸟类的国内亚种新纪录

在整理西藏的标本时,发现下列鸟类是我国过去未曾纪录过的,现简报于后。1.红喉山鹧鸪Arborophila r.rufogularis Blyth 1?。墨脱县,背崩(海拔850米);1977.7.25。翅长122。 本亚种体形较小,颏和上喉几白色,下喉棕色;棕色后面具明显的黑缘,形成一个完整的黑带,与胸部相界,明显有别于A.r.intermedia和A.r.euroa亚种。     

Hypermecaspis(三叶虫)的蜕壳

在中国,只在浙江江山早奥陶世印渚埠组顶部的Ａｒｅｎｉｇ期发现有Ｈｙｐｅｒｍｅｃａｓｐｉｓ ａｓｉａｔａ Ｈａｎ一个种。文中的Ｈｙｐｅｒｍｅｃａｓｐｉｓ采自江山横塘塘及竹余,和江山城北４ｋｍ公路两侧的印渚埠组顶部。仅有少数标本保存有头盖,大部分只保留有自由颊、胸与尾,极少相对移位,应为原地理葬标本,所发现的Ｈｙｐｅｒｍｅｃａｓｐｉｓ几乎全为况壳标本。面线起机能作用,面线裂开,头盖与胸部分离,头盖 表     

Three New Species of Genus Leistus Fr

描述了产于中国云南高黎贡山南段步甲科盗甲属(Leistus)的3个新种长颚盗甲(Leistus tanaognathus)、高黎贡山盗甲(Leistus gaoligongensis)和李氏盗甲(Leistus lihengae),前两种的模式标本均采自保山市赧亢垭口(海拔2130 m,位于北纬24°49.9’、东经98°46.0’),李氏盗甲的模式标本采自高黎贡山大蒿坪垭口东坡保山市境内的落水洞(位于赧亢垭口东北部,海拔2300 m,北纬24°56.9’、东经98°45.4’)。此外,作者还编制了云南盗甲属分种检索表。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.