Meta-analysis of the relationship between Epstein-Barr virus infection and clinicopathological features of patients with gastric carcinoma

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been causally associated with occurrence of many malignant neoplasms. EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) have been detected from about 10% of gastric carcinoma tissue cells, suggesting that EBV infection is associated with the development of gastric carcinoma. The present study pooled the data from the papers concerning EBV-related gastric cancers and performed a meta-analysis of 22 research papers. Among these papers, a total of 5475 cases with gastric cancer were enrolled, of whom 411 cases were found EBV-positive, with the EBV-positive rate being 7.5%. Among the EBV-positive gastric cancer cases, the detection rate was 11.1% in males and 3.0% in females. Compared with EBV-negative gastric cancer, EBV-positive gastric cancer had less lymph node metastasis. Based on the histological typing, of the EBV-positive gastric cancers, the diffuse type was 8.1%, and intestinal type was 8.0%. The examined specimen types included stored paraffin blocks and fresh surgically removed specimens, their EBV positive rates were 7.9% and 6.5% respectively. In terms of geographical distribution, the detection rate of EBV-positive gastric cancer was 9.4% in America, 6.1% in Asia and 9.1% in Europe. Meta-analysis showed that EBV infection occurred only in gastric cancer tissue cells and was significantly associated with the patients’ gender, lymph node metastases, and the location where tumor tissue generated and geographical distribution (P0.05), but was not significantly associated with the patients’ histological types of tumor and the types of specimens (P0.05). These results suggested that EBV-positive gastric cancer has distinct clinicopathological features.     

Primary functional identification of gene TMSG-1

TMSG-1 (Tumor metastasis suppressor gene-1) is a cancer metastasis-related gene cloned by means of mRNA differential display from human prostate cancer cell lines with different metas-tatic potential[1], which has higher expression in non-metastatic cell line, whereas lower expres-sion in highly metastatic cell line. In samples of primary gastric carcinoma, the TMSG-1 expres-sion markedly decreased in gastric carcinoma with lymph node metastases. It was found that protein encoded by TMS…     

山东胃癌高低发人群Lewis基因多态性分析

应用PCR产物直接测序的方法,检测山东省胃癌高发的临朐人群和低发的苍山人群中Lewis基因多态性T59G的分布,旨在探讨山东临朐和苍山地区胃癌发病率显著不同的内在原因,为阐明临朐地区胃癌高发的机制提供实验依据。结果表明,T59G突变个体在临朐和苍山人群中的分布频率分别为34.5%和31.6%,差别无统计学意义,P＞0.05,OR为1.14 （95% CI,0.59~2.19）。提示就此点突变而言,临朐人群和苍山人群为同一人群,具有极其相似的遗传背景;T59G不能作为区分临朐和苍山人群的遗传标志,与这两个地区胃癌发病的区别没有相关性。 Abstract:To explore the cause leading to the difference in incidence of gastric cancer between Linqu and Cangshan populations,Shandong Province,and to provide evidence for the possible mechanism of high incidence of gastric cancer in Linqu County,the distribution of T59G mutation in Lewis gene was screened between Linqu and Cangshan populations by PCR-sequencing.The frequency of individuals with T59G mutation was 34.5% in Linqu population and 31.6% in Cangshan population,respectively,with no significant difference,P＞0.05,and OR is 1.14 (95% CI,0.59~2.19).This suggests that Linqu and Cangshan populations may share the same genetic background.T59G mutation of Lewis gene could not be used as a genetic marker for Linqu and Cangshan populations and is not relevant to the difference in incidence of gastric cancer between them.     

The kinetics of IL—4 and IFN—γ gene expression in Mice after Trichosansin immunization

Trichosanthin (TCS) is a potent allergen to mice.According to our previous experiments,it could bring out the IgE response to ovabumin (OVA) if TCS was given one day before OVA immunization,while OVA alone could not induce IgE to it.In this work,the kinetics of interleukin 4(IL-4) and interferon γ(IFN-γ) gene expression in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) of TCS-immunized mice was investigated using a semi-quantitative RT-PCR method.It indicated that TCS induced significant IL-4 gene expression and the peaks of IL4 gene expression were on day one after TCS immunization in both primary and secondary response.In contrast,the IFN-γ gene expression was suppressed.Furthermor,the IL-4 gene expression in the secondary response was lower than that in the primary response.Thus the presence of IgE memory B cells were studied.Results showed that the amount of mature IgE mRNA arose significantly and rapidly one day after TCS restimulation,while in the MLN of the mice primed 30 days before and without boost,it was almost as the same amount of the unimmunized control.These findings suggest the existence of the IgE memory B cells in the mice after the primary TCS immunization.     

Effect of amino acid mutation at position 127 in 3A of a rabbit-attenuated foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia1 on viral replication and infection

An amino acid mutation(R127→I) in the 3A non-structural protein of an FMDV serotype Asia1 rabbit-attenuated ZB strain was previously found after attenuation of the virus. To explore the effects of this mutation on viral replication and infection, the amino acid residue isoleucine(I) was changed to arginine(R) in the infectious cDNA clone of the rabbit-attenuated ZB strain by sitedirected mutagenesis, and the R127-mutated virus was rescued. BHK monolayer cells and suckling mice were inoculated with the R127-mutated virus to test its growth property and pathogenicity, respectively. The effects of the R127 mutation on viral replication and virulence were analyzed. The data showed that there was a slight difference in plaque morphology between the R127-mutated and wild-type viruses. The growth rate of the mutated virus was lower in BHK-21 cells and its virulence in suckling mice was also attenuated. This study indicates that the R127 mutation in 3A may play an important role in FMDV replication in vitro and in pathogenicity in suckling mice.     

Effect of amino acid mutation at position 127 in 3A of a rabbitattenuated foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia1 on viral replication and infection

An amino acid mutation(R127→I) in the 3A non-structural protein of an FMDV serotype Asia1 rabbit-attenuated ZB strain was previously found after attenuation of the virus. To explore the effects of this mutation on viral replication and infection, the amino acid residue isoleucine(I) was changed to arginine(R) in the infectious cDNA clone of the rabbit-attenuated ZB strain by sitedirected mutagenesis, and the R127-mutated virus was rescued. BHK monolayer cells and suckling mice were inoculated with the R127-mutated virus to test its growth property and pathogenicity, respectively. The effects of the R127 mutation on viral replication and virulence were analyzed. The data showed that there was a slight difference in plaque morphology between the R127-mutated and wild-type viruses. The growth rate of the mutated virus was lower in BHK-21 cells and its virulence in suckling mice was also attenuated. This study indicates that the R127 mutation in 3A may play an important role in FMDV replication in vitro and in pathogenicity in suckling mice.     

The coiled-coil domain containing protein Ccdc136b antagonizes maternal Wnt/β-catenin activity during zebrafish dorsoventral axial patterning

The coiled-coil domain containing protein CCDC136 is a putative tumor suppressor and significantly down-regulated in gastric and colorectal cancer tissues.However,little is known about its biological functions during vertebrate embryo development.Zebrafish has two CCDC136 orthologs,ccdcl36 a and ccdc136 b,but only ccdc136 b is highly expressed during early embryonic development.In this study,we demonstrate that ccdc136 b is required for dorsal-ventral axial patterning in zebrafish embryos.ccdc136 b morphants display strongly dorsalized phenotypes.Loss- and gain-of-function experiments in zebrafish embryos and mammalian cells show that Ccdc136 b is a crucial negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,and plays a critical role in the establishment of the dorsal-ventral axis.We further find that Ccdc136 b interacts with APC,promotes the binding affinity of APC with β-catenin and then facilitates the turnover of β-catenin.These results provide the first evidence that CCDC136 regulates zebrafish dorsal-ventral patterning by antagonizing Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction and suggest a potential mechanism underlying its suppressive activity in carcinogenesis.     

Inherited colorectal polyposis and cancer risk of the APC I1307K polymorphism.

Germ-line and somatic truncating mutations of the APC gene are thought to initiate colorectal tumor formation in familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome and sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis, respectively. Recently, an isoleucine-->lysine polymorphism at codon 1307 (I1307K) of the APC gene has been identified in 6%-7% of the Ashkenazi Jewish population. To assess the risk of this common APC allelic variant in colorectal carcinogenesis, we have analyzed a large cohort of unselected Ashkenazi Jewish subjects with adenomatous polyps and.or colorectal cancer, for the APC I1307K polymorphism. The APC I1307K allele was identified in 48 (10.1%) of 476 patients. Compared with the frequency in two separate population control groups, the APC I1307K allele is associated with an estimated relative risk of 1.5-1.7 for colorectal neoplasia (both P=.01). Furthermore, compared with noncarriers, APC I1307K carriers had increased numbers of adenomas and colorectal cancers per patient (P=.03), as well as a younger age at diagnosis. We conclude that the APC I1307K variant leads to increased adenoma formation and directly contributes to 3%-4% of all Ashkenazi Jewish colorectal cancer. The estimated relative risk for carriers may justify specific clinical screening for the 360,000 Americans expected to harbor this allele, and genetic testing in the setting of long-term-outcome studies may impact significantly on colorectal cancer prevention in this population.     

Expression of FHL1 in gastric cancer tissue and its correlation with the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer

This study was performed to analyze the expression of four and a half LIM domains 1 (FHL1) in gastric carcinoma tissue and its correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer. In addition, the role of FHL1 in the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells was investigated to provide an experimental basis for future treatments of gastric cancer. FHL1 mRNA and protein expression in gastric carcinoma and the adjacent normal gastric mucosa tissue were determined using RT-PCR and western blots. Correlations of FHL1 expression with the incidence, progression, and clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer were analyzed. Changes in the invasion and metastatic potential of MKN45 human gastric cancer cells were observed after the transient transfection with an eukaryotic expression vector containing full-length FHL1. Expression of FHL1 mRNA in gastric carcinoma tissue was significantly lower than that in the adjacent normal tissue (P < 0.05). FHL1 expression in gastric carcinoma tissue from patients who were positive for lymph node metastasis was significantly lower than those in patients who were negative for lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). Lower FHL1 expression was correlated with lower degrees of differentiation, higher TNM stages, and greater invasive potential of the gastric cancer (P < 0.05). The FHL1 mRNA and protein expression patterns were similar in gastric cancer. FHL1 protein expression in gastric carcinoma tissue was significantly lower than that in the surrounding normal tissue (P < 0.05). FHL1 protein expression was significantly lower in gastric carcinoma tissue from patients who were positive for lymph node metastasis than that detected in patients with no lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). Lower FHL1 protein expression was correlated with lower degrees of differentiation, higher TNM stages, and greater invasive potential in gastric cancer (P < 0.05). However, the expression of FHL1 was independent of the patient's gender, age, and tumor size (P > 0.05). Overexpression of FHL1 in the MKN45 human gastric cancer cell line using an eukaryotic expression vector resulted in a significant reduction in the invasiveness and metastatic ability of these cells as determined using the Transwell chamber invasion assay (P < 0.05). The decrease in or loss of FHL1 expression may be related to the incidence, progression, invasiveness, and metastatic potential of gastric cancer.     

胃癌患者Sox2蛋白和CTHRC-1蛋白的表达与肿瘤发展密切相关

本研究选取病理科收集的自2016年1月至2016年12月的90例术后胃癌组织标本(胃癌组)、45例癌旁组织标本(对照组),采用免疫组化染色法检测两组标本中的Y框蛋白(Sox2)、胶原三股螺旋重叠蛋白-1表达,并分析其与肿瘤TNM分期、淋巴结转移、浸润深度、分化程度的关系,采用Spearman秩相关检验检测两种蛋白的相互关系,试图探讨胃癌患者癌组织中性别决定区Y框蛋白(Sox2)、胶原三股螺旋重叠蛋白-1(CTHRC-1)的表达及其相关性。研究结果表明:胃癌组的Sox2蛋白阳性表达率63.33%显著低于对照组的93.33%(p<0.05),胃癌组的CTHRC-1蛋白阳性表达率78.89%显著高于对照组的24.44%(p<0.05);胃癌组的Sox2蛋白阳性表达与胃癌的分化程度、发生淋巴结转移具有相关性(p<0.05);胃癌组的CTHRC-1蛋白阳性表达与胃癌的淋巴结转移、TNM分期、肿瘤浸润深度具有显著的相关性(p<0.05);胃癌组的Sox2蛋白与CTHRC-1蛋白呈显著的负相关表达(Spearman相关系数r=-0.322, p=0.002<0.05)。本研究的初步结论表明:胃癌组织中Sox2蛋白低表达和CTHRC-1蛋白高表达,并且与肿瘤发展密切相关,且二者表达呈负相关。     

The I1307K APC polymorphism: prevalence in non-Ashkenazi Jews and evidence for a founder effect

A missense mutation within the APC gene, I1307K, was described in Ashkenazi individuals at risk for colorectal cancer (CRC) and in the general population. The anecdotal reporting of the occurrence of this mutation in some non-Ashkenazi individuals led us to hypothesize that within the Jewish people, the I1307K polymorphism may reflect a founder mutation, and that the mutation is not restricted to ethnic Ashkenazis. To test that notion, and to establish the occurrence rate of the I1307K polymorphism in non-Ashkenazi Jewish populations, we screened Iraqi and Moroccan Jews and consecutive Jewish CRC patients and performed haplotype analysis with APC-linked markers in two I1307K carrier families. We analyzed Jewish individuals: 210 Moroccans, 160 Iraqis, 148 Ashkenazi, and 349 CRC patients (227 Ashkenazi and 122 non-Ashkenazi). The mutation detection scheme included PCR followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) or modified restriction analysis (MRA). Haplotypes were assessed using three intragenic and three flanking markers. The I1307K polymorphism was detected in 29/227 Ashkenazi (12.8%), 2/122 (1.6%) non-Ashkenazi CRC patients, and in 2 individuals each (approximately 1%) within the Moroccan and Iraqi populations. Allelic pattern analysis in all our I1307K carriers, revealed a common haplotype for the three intragenic markers tested, in all mutation carriers, regardless of ethnic origin. The I1307K polymorphism, therefore, exists in all ethnic Jewish populations: Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi, with or without colon cancer. Jewish I1307K mutation carriers share a common allelic pattern with APC-linked markers. This strongly supports the notion of a founder mutation for I1307K.     

Carrier rate of APC I1307K is not increased in inflammatory bowel disease patients of Ashkenazi Jewish origin

Colorectal cancer (CRC) occurs with an increased incidence in individuals with chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) of the colon. Recent data suggest that a family history of colorectal cancer is an independent risk factor for CRC in IBD, an observation that implies that genetic factors are relevant to the development of CRC in this context. Among the genetic defects associated with CRC, the APC I1307K mutation has been detected nearly exclusively in individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) origin, occurring in 6%-7% of the AJ general population and in 10%-28% of AJ with a either a personal or family history of CRC or adenomatous polyps. These findings, together with the increased incidence of IBD in AJ, prompted the current analysis of the contribution of the APC I1307K variant of CRC in AJ IBD patients. APC I1307K carrier frequencies were determined in 306 AJ individuals affected with IBD and 308 of their unaffected relatives ascertained from a family collection obtained for the identification of IBD susceptibility genes. Prevalence of the I1307K variant was not significantly different among individuals with IBD, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and unaffected relatives (6.9%, 7.6%, 4.7%, and 6.2%, respectively), and the mutation was detected in only one of five IBD-affected individuals with a diagnosis of CRC. These results reveal that IBD patients of AJ origin carry the APC I1307K variant at the same rate as individuals within the general AJ population. Lack of an increased APC I1307K carrier rate suggests that this mutation does not account for the increased CRC susceptibility associated with IBD.     

Livin及survivin表达与结肠癌发生、发展、转移及预后的关系

目的：探讨Livin及survivin表达与结肠癌发生、发展、转移及预后的关系。方法：采用免疫组化sP法检测100例结肠癌病人的癌、癌旁组织和正常结肠组织标本中Livin及survivin的表达,分析其与结肠癌发生、发展、转移及预后的关系,并通过随访研究其与5年生存率的关系。结果：Livin和Survivin在结肠癌组织中的阳性表达率均显著高于癌旁组织和正常结肠组织（P〈0．05）,在结肠癌组织中的表达与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤的大小和分化程度均不具有相关性（P〉O．05）,在有淋巴结及远处转移患者中高表达,与无转移者差异显著（P〈0．05）;Livin和Survivin表达阳性者5年生存率均明显低于表达阴性者（P〈0．05）;Livin和Survivin的表达无相关性。结论：Livin和Survivin在结肠癌的发生、发展和转移中起重要作用,对预后的判断具有一定的参考意义。     

PIG11、Caspase-3蛋白在胃癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨PIG11、Caspase-3蛋白在胃癌中的表达及临床意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法检测80例胃癌组织、36例正常胃黏膜组织、30例肠上皮化生组织及31例异型增生组织中PIG11、Caspase-3蛋白的表达水平,并分析其表达与胃癌临床病理特征的关系及两者之间的相关性。结果:胃癌组织中PIG11、Caspase-3蛋白的阳性表达率均显著低于正常胃黏膜、肠上皮化生及异型增生组织(P0.01);PIG11、Caspase-3蛋白表达水平与胃癌的分化程度、临床分期、有无淋巴结转移及远处转移密切相关(P0.05),但与患者的年龄、性别及肿瘤的浸润深度无关(P0.05);PIG11、Caspase-3蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达呈正相关(r=0.859,P0.01)。结论:PIG11、Caspase-3蛋白在胃癌中明显表达下调,且与胃癌的分化程度、临床分期、有无淋巴结转移及远处转移密切相关,可能作为胃癌预后评估的参考指标。PIG11表达下调可能通过抑制Caspase-3的表达促进胃癌的发生和发展。     

人胃癌组织中herg1基因和HERG1蛋白过度表达的临床病理意义的研究

目的探讨herg1基因及其表达的HERG1蛋白在胃癌中的表达情况,研究其与胃癌间的相关性。方法应用免疫组化方法（SP法）,RT—PCR技术及Westernblot方法对64例胃癌组织标本及对应正常胃粘膜组织中的herg1基因及HERG1蛋白的表达进行检测,并进行回顾性随访。结果（1）RT—PCR分析胃癌组织中herg1基因mRNA阳性率为100％（64／64）,正常组织中为0％（0／64）。（2）Western blot方法检测胃癌组织中HERG1蛋白表达阳性率为100％（64／64）,正常组织中为0％（0／64）。（3）免疫组化分析HERG1蛋白在胃癌组织的阳性率为81．25％（52／64）,与其病理类型无关,而在正常组织中未见明显表达,在伴有淋巴结转移或肝转移的胃癌herg1的阳性表达率为100％（10／10）,无转移者为78％（42／54）。Hegrl基因的表达与胃癌的淋巴转移、肝转移有相关性（P〈0．01）。结论Herg1基因和HERG1蛋白的过度表达参与了胃癌的发生发展过程,同时提示该基因和蛋白的检测可以预测胃癌组织的侵袭、转移倾向,为建立肿瘤转移的分子标志提供了理论和实验依据。     

Surgical site infections following colorectal cancer surgery: a randomized prospective trial comparing common and advanced antimicrobial dressing containing ionic silver

Background

The role of annexin II in the development and progression of gastric cancer was explored.

Methods

Real-time PCR was conducted to detect annexin II and S100A6 mRNA expression. Protein expressions of annexin II and S100A6 were also examined by immunohistochemistry in 436 clinicopathologically characterized gastric cancer cases.

Results

The expression of annexin II and S100A6 mRNA differ significantly among gastric tumor tissue and matched non-cancerous gastric mucosa. Protein levels of annexin II and S100A6 were up-regulated in gastric cancer compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues. High expression of annexin II correlated with age, location of tumor, size of tumor, differentiation, histological type, depth of invasion, vessel invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) stage, and also with expression of S100A6. Further multivariate analysis suggested that expression of annexin II and S100A6 were independent prognostic indicators for gastric cancer. Cumulative five-year survival rates of patients with high expression of both annexin II and S100A6 was significantly lower than those with low expression of both.

Conclusion

Expression of annexin II in gastric cancer was significantly associated with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis, TNM stage, high S100A6 expression, and poor prognosis. Annexin II and S100A6 proteins could be useful prognostic marker to predict tumor progression and prognosis in gastric cancer.     

CD40 signal expression in gastric cancer tissue and its correlation with prognosis of gastric cancer patients

CD40 signaling plays a critical role in the survival rate of gastric cancer patients. Tumour samples were collected from 73 patients with who were diagnosed as gastric cancer in general surgery department in the 1st affiliated hospital of Suzhou University between September 2002 and July 2003. All patients had not received radiotherapy and chemotherapy before operation. These patients include 46 male and 27 female. Here we show that CD40 is constitutively expressed in the human gastric carcinoma tissues, and CD40 protein and mRNA positive expression in gastric cancer tissues closely correlated with lymph node metastasis and tumour TNM stage. CD40 positive expression in gastric cancer patients with lymph node metastasis was markedly higher than that in gastric cancer patients without lymph node metastasis. CD40 positive expression in stage III-IV gastric cancer patients was markedly higher than that in stage I-II gastric cancer patients. Moreover, CD40 expression closely correlated with prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Therefore, CD40 was taken as grouping variable, and lymph node metastasis and clinical staging were taken as stratification variables, respectively, further analysis showed that prognosis in gastric cancer patients with lymph node metastasis and CD40 positive expression was markedly worse than that in gastric cancer patients without lymph node metastasis and CD40 negative expression (P = 0.0076). These results suggest that CD40 signaling plays a critical role in the survival of gastric cancer patients.