On the ultrastructure of the ovary of the liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica L.)

Summary The ovary of the liver fluke has been studied with light and electron microscopy. The organ consisted of germ cells and a layer of peripheral cells suggested to be nurse cells, and was surrounded by a capsule containing muscular tissue. The peripheral cells rested on a thick basement membrane and were irregular in outline. Their nuclei were of irregular shape, the mitochondria were dark with few cristae and the endoplasmic reticulum was tubular or vesicular and partly studded with ribosomes. The germ cells were rounded or polyhedral except in the outer part of the ovary where some of them showed irregular processes. The germ cells of the outer region (oogonia) were relatively small and in close contact with the cells suggested to be nurse cells. The inner germ cells (oocytes) were large and loosely packed. Their nuclei were irregular and contained round distinct nucleoli. The nuclear envelopes showed numerous pores. The endoplasmic reticulum was very sparse, but free ribosomes were abundant in the cytoplasm. This corresponded with a strong basophilia removable with RNase. In addition round basophilic bodies formed by densely packed ribosomes and membraneous material occurred in close spatial relation to mitochondria. The latter contained dense granules and few cristae. Groups of vesicles and membraneous lamellae were found in the cytoplasm, but they were considerably smaller than vertebrate Golgi complexes. Numerous dense spherical granules were found mainly in the periphery of the large germ cells. The granules were strongly osmiophilic except in the terminal part of the ovary. They were PAS-positive, but negative to Sudan dyes.Supported by a grant from Jordbrukets Forskningsråd, Stockholm.     

Scanning electron microscopic observations of the ependymal cell and the subependymal layer of the third brain ventricle in the rat

This investigation was undertaken to clarify the three dimensional ultrastructure of the subependymal layer in relation with the ependymal cell layer in rat brain using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The subependymal layer existing below the ependyma of the third ventricle in the brain of mature albino rats was examined with S E M. The hypothalamus freshly excised after median sagittal section was treated by collagenase with or without trypsin for a short while to remove the ependymal cells at the ventricular wall. After the enzymatic pretreatment of the specimen, many ependymal cells were removed and the subependymal layer was partially exposed. Most of the ciliated ependymal cells remaining at the ventricular wall extended long, single basal processes which then penetrated into the subependymal layer. The subependymal layer was composed of a delicate framework of thin processes of glial cells, ependymal cells and, in addition nerve cells. Scattered among the neuropil just beneath the ependymal cell layer, there were relatively small, globular subependymal cells. Occasionally, there were large bundles of unmyelinated nerve fibres in the subependymal layer. The individual nerve fibres distinctly showed many axonal varicosities within the fibres. Intermingled with the nerve fibres, glial processes of various forms were present. The structure of the ependymal cells and the subependymal layer was compared with the findings already reported in the studies using light and transmission electron microscope.     

CT 与X线诊断肠梗阻的临床价值探讨

目的：探讨腹部X 线与CT 扫描鉴别急性肠梗阻的准确性,为临床诊断提供参考。方法：选取2011年8 月-2013 年8 月我院 收治的66 例急性肠梗阻患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。所有患者均经手术活检或病理诊断证实为急性肠梗阻。术后患者均行腹 部X 线及CT扫描检查,对两种方法判断肠梗阻的发生、梗阻部位、类型及病因与手术病理结果进行比较,评价并分析两种检查 方法的准确率。结果：66 例肠梗阻患者中,X线检出率为89.39%,CT 检出率为95.45%。X 线诊断小肠梗阻准确率为72.10%,CT 为86.05%;X线诊断结肠梗阻准确率为69.57%,CT 为86.96%。X线诊断肿瘤准确率为69.57%,CT 为86.96%;X线诊断肠粘连 准确率为67.86%,CT 为82.14%;X 线诊断肠套叠准确率为60.00%,CT 为80.00%;X线诊断单纯性机械性肠梗阻准确率为78.72%,CT为82.98%;X线诊断绞窄性肠梗准确率为73.68%,CT 为78.95 %。CT 对肠梗阻部位、病因及类型的诊断准确率高于腹部X 线片,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：腹部X 线与CT 用于诊断急性肠梗阻具有较高的准确率,但CT 对于肠梗阻部位、梗阻类型及梗阻病因的诊断优于X线片。     

Ultrastructural study of the Sertoli cell and the limiting membrane in the seminiferous tubule of the adult cryptorchid rat

Cryptorchidism was simulated in 13-15-day-old rats by severing the gubernaculum testis and fixing the testis to the abdominal wall. Ultrastructural examination of the testis was made 100 days after birth when a number of modifications to the seminiferous tubules were noted. Germ cells were scanty, with only occasional spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes persisting. The nuclei of Sertoli cells were regular and oval or indented in shape. Their cytoplasm was characterized by a rich smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lipid inclusions and mitochondria with tubulo-vesicular cristae indicative of stero?dogenic activity. The decrease in the number of the germ cells induced a membrane rearrangement with numerous tight junctions and interdigitations between the Sertoli cells. Sertoli cell-specific junctional complexes were very extensive. The lamina propria of the seminiferous tubule appeared thickened and folded and the multilayered basal lamina had complex folds. After fixation with glutaraldehyde containing lanthanum, the latter substance was identified in the basal intercellular spaces of the seminiferous tubules indicating that the blood-testis barrier remains functional in the intra-abdominal testis.     

青海湖鸟岛地区草地植物群落特征的研究

青海湖鸟岛地区草地群落共出现种子植物 6 3种 ,隶属 4 3属 ,19科 ,以北温带成分为主 ;从湖滨到典型地带性植被 ,物种多样性指数变化可以分为两大类型 ;随着高度增加 ,物种多样性呈现倒U型变化 ,沿着水平梯度物种多样性基本上逐渐增加。可以分为禾草、豆科固氮植物、非禾本科草类和半灌木功能组 ,物种水平与功能组水平的多样性、均匀度和丰富度相关系数分别为 0 2 79,0 4 36 ,0 0 19,均没有达到显著相关 ,功能组水平的多样性指数具有与物种水平不同的性质     

CT与X线诊断肠梗阻的临床价值探讨

目的：探讨腹部X线与CT扫描鉴别急性肠梗阻的准确性,为临床诊断提供参考。方法：选取2011年8月-2013年8月我院收治的66例急性肠梗阻患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。所有患者均经手术活检或病理诊断证实为急性肠梗阻。术后患者均行腹部X线及CT扫描检查,对两种方法判断肠梗阻的发生、梗阻部位、类型及病因与手术病理结果进行比较,评价并分析两种检查方法的准确率。结果：66例肠梗阻患者中,X线检出率为89．39％,CT检出率为95．45％。X线诊断小肠梗阻准确率为72．10％,CT为86．05％;X线诊断结肠梗阻准确率为69．57％,CT为86．96％。X线诊断肿瘤准确率为69．57％,CT为86．96％;X线诊断肠粘连准确率为67．86％,CT为82．14％;X线诊断肠套叠准确率为60．00％,CT为80．00％;X线诊断单纯性机械性肠梗阻准确率为78．72％,CT为82．98％;X线诊断绞窄性肠梗准确率为73．68％,CT为78．95％。CT对肠梗阻部位、病因及类型的诊断准确率高于腹部X线片,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：腹部X线与CT用于诊断急性肠梗阻具有较高的准确率,但CT对于肠梗阻部位、梗阻类型及梗阻病因的诊断优于X线片。     

Anatomic transformation of the lymphatic bed of the small intestine following immunization]

The experimental investigation of the lymphatic bed of the small intestine after immunization was performed in 15 rabbits. Ten rabbits were taken as control. The rabbits were immunized by administration of kidney antigen with the complete Freund adjuvant. The animals were killed on the 7-8th days after two cycles of immunization, three injections in each cycle. The interval between the injections was three days, between the cycles - one month. Polychrome injection of arteries and veins was made. The lymphatic bed was filled with Gerota's mass. The chylus sinuses, lymph capillaries and vessels of experimental animals were found to be dilated 2-6 times as compared with normal. There appear many blind processes on the walls of lymph capillaries and vessels. Intraorganic lymphatic pathways were more dilated as compared with extraorganic. The ileum was found to be more reactive in immunization than other two parts of the small intestine.     

损伤控制性手术在野战条件下腹部严重创伤治疗中的应用价值

目的:损伤控制性手术(Damage Control Operation,DCO)是针对严重创伤患者进行阶段性修复的外科策略,本文通过观察DCO在野战条件下严重腹部创伤治疗中的效果,探讨其应用价值,为野战外科手术提供参考。方法:对2012年2月-2013年3月我院收治的90例重症肝胆外伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。将所选病例随机分为对照组和DCO组,每组45例。其中对照组实施常规手术治疗,DCO组实施损伤控制性手术进行治疗。对比两组患者的手术时间,术中出血量、死亡率、术后感染及并发症等。结果:DOC组手术时间为(62.59±8.61)min,术中出血量为(306.48±23.54)mL,死亡率为20%,术后感染率为8.89%,并发症的发生率为11.11%;对照组术时间为(90.35±7.86)min,术中出血量为(600.32±34.21)mL,死亡率为53.33%,术后感染率为24.44%,并发症的发生率为35.56%;DCO组患者的各项指标均优于对照组,差异显著且具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:在肝胆外科治疗中采用损伤控制性手术具有明显的临床效果,不但缩短了手术时间,减少出血量,提高手术成功率,而且降低了术后并发症的发生率,值得推广。     

杭州地区儿童肺炎支原体感染分析

目的调查杭州地区呼吸道感染儿童肺炎支原体（MP）感染情况和流行特点,为临床治疗和防止其爆发流行提供依据。方法随机采集在本院就诊并有呼吸道感染患儿的咽拭子,用FQ-PCR测定标本中MPDNA含量,若结果〉125拷贝为阳性,〈25拷贝为阴性。用统计学软件SPSS10．0分析MP感染和各调查因素之间的关系。结果在1502例呼吸道感染患儿标本中共检出391例MP阳性,阳性率占26．0％（391／1502）。感染机会、性别差异无显著性。7～15岁的儿童更容易感染,感染率占48．0％-62．1％。一年之中以夏秋季感染率最高,其中7月份高达37．3％。结论杭州地区MP引起儿童呼吸道感染的流行特点和南方其他地区的报道基本一致。     

蜘蛛抱蛋属植物叶表皮微形态的扫描电镜观察

在扫描电子显微镜下,观察9种蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的叶表皮微形态。结果表明,9种植物叶下表皮的细胞都为长方形,垂直壁为直的,垂周界限为凸的,外层周壁凹陷。气孔椭圆形至卵圆形,气孔外拱盖表面多平滑,其内缘近平滑、浅波状或锯齿波状;角质膜多为脊状条纹、有的外层周壁有横纹或颗粒。气孔大小与染色体的倍性有一定的正相关关系。不同种间叶表皮特征表现出一定差异,对种的划分有一定的分类鉴定意义。     

海南文昌汉族体质特征

在海南文昌市调查了城市汉族315例(男为150例, 女为165例)和乡村汉族407例(男为216例, 女为191例)成人的73项体质指标, 计算了25项体质指数, 统计了指数分型情况, 与我国族群资料进行了比较, 对海南文昌汉族体质特征进行了初步分析。结果显示: 1)文昌汉族有上眼睑皱褶, 蒙古褶欠发达,眼裂窄且多呈眼外角高, 鼻根高度中等, 直鼻梁, 鼻基部上翘, 鼻翼高度中等, 鼻孔最大径斜位, 鼻翼宽, 耳垂多为圆形、三角形, 上唇皮肤部高度中等, 红唇较厚, 发色黑, 肤色、眼色较深。2)文昌汉族男女性均为特圆头型、高头型、中头型、中鼻型。男性还为中面型, 女性还为狭面型。3)文昌汉族男女性均为长躯干型、中胸型、中肩型、中骨盆型, 男性还为中腿型, 女性还为亚短腿型。文昌汉族城市、乡村的男性与女性身高均属于中等身材。4)文昌汉族头面部特征更接近于我国蒙古人种北亚类型族群。从体部指标来看。文昌汉族介于北亚类型族群与南亚类型族群之间, 更接近于北亚类型族群。     

Analysis of the microheterogeneity of the glycan chain of rat transferrin

To investigate the microheterogeneity of the glycan chain of rat transferrin, either the protein moiety was labeled with 125I or the sialyl residues with 3H. The molecule was then subjected to Con A chromatography. Three components were obtained. Each was enzymatically desialylated and sialyl/protein molar ratios were calculated. The native protein as well as the 3 components were also subjected to isoelectric focusing. The results indicated that rat transferrin may have 3 types of glycan chain: The major type (60%) corresponds to a molecular species with triantennary branching, while 30% consists of molecules with biantennary and 10% with tetraantennary branching. The last species has not been previously described.     

An assessment of the fish population of the lower reaches of the Sanyati River,Zimbabwe

The fish population of the lower reaches of the Sanyati River was studied using multifilament gillnets and monthly sampling was conducted over 13 consecutive months. A total of 15 fish species belonging to seven families were collected and variations in monthly catches and catch per unit effort and condition were observed. The five most common species exhibited a seasonal breeding pattern, with most breeding occurring in the rainy season. The exotic Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus was found to have established itself in the Sanyati River. The results of this study were compared with those of previous workers on Lake Kariba.     

Sputum cytology for the diagnosis of carcinoma of the lung

Of 400 consecutive patients with histologically proven carcinoma of the lung, one to six sputum samples (mean, 2.8) were examined cytologically; 60% also had histologic examination of paraffin-embedded material. The overall sensitivity of sputum cytology was 0.58. The sensitivity increased from 0.37 to 0.57 when three samples rather than one were examined; it increased by only another 0.01 when four to six samples were studied. The examination of paraffin-embedded material yielded another 0.075 increase in sensitivity. A multiparametric study, including diameter, cavitation, site and histologic type of the pulmonary tumors, showed that sputum cytology was particularly significant for neoplasms of the left upper lobe and that the sensitivity related to the histologic type was not independent of the site, diameter and cavitation. The overall cytologic typing accuracy was 0.77, with a range from 0.20 to 0.96. The majority of the diagnoses at variance with histology and the unclassified malignant epithelial tumor cells were found to be associated predominantly with carcinoma of the large-cell type and with poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas.     

Intrinsic innervation of the gall bladder in the dog.

The gall bladder of eight dogs 3 months old were extracted and studied by the Holme's and Gross-Bielschowsky techniques. The nerves were found to form an extensive network within the wall of the gall bladder. However, 5 plexuses were identified and their arrangement was similar to that in the wall of the intestine. Nerve cells were only found in relation with the myenteric plexus. Moreover, knob-like terminals and circular type of nerve endings were noticed on the muscularis. The findings of the intrinsic innervation of the gall bladder of the dog were compared with that of man, monkey and guinea pig and the significance of that innervation was discussed.     

Auxotrophic mutants of the producer of the antibiotic mycoheptin Streptoverticillium mycoheptinicum

The lethal and mutagenic effects of N-nitrozo-N-methyl biuret (NMB), N-nitrozo-N-methyl urea (NMU) and UV light on Streptoverticillium mycoheptinicum, strains O883 and 852, were studied. The concentrations of NMB were 0.005, 0.1 and 0.25 per cent, the exposure time was 2, 4 and 6 hours. The concentration of NMU was 1 per cent and the exposure time was 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours. The dose of UV light was 2000 erg/mm2. When the spores of Streptoverticillium mycoheptinicum, strain O883, were treated with NMB, the frequency of auxotrophic mutants increased from 0.63 to 3.4 per cent with an increase of the mutagen concentration from 0.05 to 0.25 per cent and the exposure time from 2 to 6 hours. More than 80 auxotrophic mutants were selected. When Streptoverticillium mycoheptinicum, strain 852, was treated with NMU, the frequency of auxotrophic mutants ranged from 0.5 to 2.4 per cent. Fifty-seven auxotrophic mutants were selected. The majority of the auxotrophic mutants selected with the use of NMB and NMU was unstable. Exposure of Streptoverticillium mycoheptinicum, strains 852, 10/69 Met and 54/100 Lys to UV light resulted in formation of groups of polyauxotrophic mutants.     

丁苯酞氯化钠注射液联合神经节苷脂治疗急性脑梗死的临床效果观察

目的:探讨丁苯酞和神经节苷酯治疗急性脑梗死的临床效果,为临床治疗提供可借鉴的方法。方法:选取2011年8月-2013年5月在我院接受治疗的94例急性脑梗死患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组47例。对照组患者采取抗血小板制剂及活血药物进行常规治疗,治疗组患者在此基础上给予丁苯酞氯化钠注射液联合单唾液酸神经节甘酯进行治疗。采用NlHSS评定各组患者神经功能缺损程度,应用改良Rankin量表评定残障水平,并对两组患者的治疗效果进行对比分析。结果:两组患者治疗前的NIHSS与mRs评分无明显差异(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后的NIHSS及mRs评分较治疗前均获得改善,治疗组患者改善更为明显,治疗效果明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组患者治疗的总有效率为93.61%;治疗组患者治疗的总有效率为97.87%。治疗组的治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:丁苯酞联合神经节苷酯治疗急性脑梗死具有明显的治疗效果,患者治疗后的NIHSS及mRs评分得到改善,值得临床推广采用。     

Biochemical characterization of the progesterone receptor in the chick bursa of Fabricius

In a previous work we demonstrated estrogen-inducible progesterone binding sites in the bursa of Fabricius. In the present study these were characterized and compared to the progesterone receptor (PR) in the chick oviduct. When the size of the binding sites was analyzed with sucrose gradient centrifugation, 2 peaks of bound progesterone were obtained. The sedimentation coefficients of the peaks were 8-9 S and 3-4 S. In size exclusion HPLC only 1 peak was seen with a size corresponding to the 8-9 S in the sucrose gradient. The Stokes radius was 7.7 nm. When the ionic strength was elevated or CaCl2 was added, smaller steroid binding forms were detected. The sizes of these progesterone binding molecules at low and high ionic strength and in the presence of CaCl2 were equal in bursa and oviduct when analyzed with HPLC. The Stokes radii of these forms were 5.6 nm in high salt and 2.1 nm with CaCl2. The steroid binding components in the bursa cytosol eluated as 2 peaks from the DEAE column with KCl gradient. The peaks corresponded to the so-called A and B components in the chick oviduct. In the presence of molybdate, bound progesterone eluated as one peak from DEAE in both oviduct and bursa. The progesterone binding capacity was shown to be heat labile with equal half-lives in the bursa and the oviduct. Progesterone and ORG 2058 had a high affinity for the binding site and their binding was specific for progestins. It is concluded that the estrogen-inducible progesterone binding site in the bursa of Fabricius resembles the oviductal progesterone receptor in structural and binding properties.     

肝癌组织中线粒体DNA D-Loop区碱基变异与ROS水平

为了探讨ROS水平与突变的关系,对原发性肝癌线粒体DNA区的突变情况进行研究,同时对原发性肝癌患者组织细胞内ROS进行测定。选择20例原发性肝癌组织及其邻近的癌旁组织,用PCR方法将线粒体DNA D-Loop扩增后测序。组织内ROS的水平采用流式细胞技术测定。结果表明在20对原发性肝癌组织中存在8对mtDNA突变,突变率为40%,共发现突变位点53个,包括2个插入,11个缺失,40个点突变,其中T-C,C-T的转换占75%,4个属于微卫星结构。癌组织突变一般伴有癌旁组织突变,癌组织突变位点高于癌旁组织。发现一例标本的癌组织和癌旁组织均有大片段丢失。原发性肝癌组织内ROS水平明显高于癌旁对照( P<0.01),同时我们发现在区发生突变的患者的组织中ROS水平明显高于未发生突变的肝癌组织标本（P<0.01）,发生突变的癌旁组织内ROS水平明显高于未发生突变的癌旁组织（P<0.01）。结论 (1)线粒体DNA D-Loop区是一个高度多态性和突变性的区域,在原发性肝癌中突变率较高。(2)肝癌患者组织细胞内ROS异常,提示肝癌的线粒体DNA发生的点突变及肝癌的发生可能与ROS升高有关。     

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric assay for the analysis of uracil, 5,6-dihydrouracil and beta-ureidopropionic acid in urine for the measurement of the activities of the pyrimidine catabolic enzymes

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric assay for the determination of uracil, 5,6-dihydrouracil and beta-ureidopropionic acid in urine was developed to measure the activities of enzymes involved in pyrimidine breakdown. The assay was required to investigate the relation between the uracil-dihydrouracil ratio and toxicities observed after treatment with fluoropyrimidines drugs. After addition of stable isotopically labelled internal standards, the analytes were isolated from a 100-microl urine sample using liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate-2-propanol. Compounds were separated on an Atlantis dC18 column, using ammonium acetate-formic acid in water as the eluent. The eluate was totally led into an electrospray interface with positive ionisation and the analytes were quantified using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The assay was validated in the range 1.6-1600 microM, using both, artificial urine and pooled urine as matrices. Intra-day precisions were < or = 8% and inter-day precisions were < or = 10%. Accuracies between 91 and 108% were found. The analytes were chemically stable under all relevant conditions and the assay was successfully applied in two clinical studies of cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine.