十二种血清型蓝舌病病毒型特异性实时荧光定量RT-PCR定型方法的建立

为建立蓝舌病病毒(Bluetongue virus,BTV)十二种血清型(血清6、8、10、11、13、14、17、18、19、20、22与23型)特异性实时荧光定量RT-PCR(qRT-PCR)检测方法,根据GenBank公布的十二种BTV血清型毒株的基因节段2序列,选择高度保守区域,设计每种BTV血清型的扩增引物与TaqMan探针;以十二种血清型BTV参考毒株的cDNA为模板,进行引物的筛选,建立BTV血清型特异性qRT-PCR检测方法;对检测方法的灵敏度、特异性与重复性进行验证,分别以含有50、100与200个BTV噬斑形成单位(Plaque forming unit,PFU)的模拟BTV阳性血液样本为检测对象,进行检测效果的评估.实验结果表明,建立的BTV血清型特异性qRT-PCR检测方法具有良好的灵敏度和特异性,对不同血清型BTV核酸拷贝数的检出下限在12拷贝/μL(BTV-8)至57拷贝/μL(BTV-14)之间;对我国反刍动物上广泛流行的流行性出血病病毒、中山病病毒与阿卡斑病毒核酸的检测结果均为阴性.反应具有良好的重复性,组内Ct值的变异系数在0.92％至1.96％之间,组间Ct值的变异系数在0.26％至1.62％之间.对模拟BTV阳性血液样本的检测结果显示,BTV血清型特异性qRT-PCR可有效检测含50个PFU(噬斑形成单位)的BTV血液样本.本研究建立的十二种BTV血清型特异性qRT-PCR定型方法具有特异性强、灵敏度高和耗时少等优点,可用于动物感染BTV血清型的诊断.     

小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)与蓝舌病病毒(BTV)双重荧光RT-PCR快速检测方法的建立

为了研制小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)与蓝舌病病毒(BTV)双重荧光RT-PCR快速检测试剂盒,根据GenBank公布的小反刍兽疫病毒、蓝舌病病毒的基因序列,设计两套特异性的引物和探针,建立基于Taqman探针的双重荧光RT-PCR快速检测小反刍兽疫病毒与蓝舌病病毒的方法。实验结果表明,该方法特异性好、灵敏度高,检测最低浓度为10拷贝/μL数量级阳性标准品。通过对临床样品的检测,证实本研究建立的检测方法具有较好的临床应用价值。     

群特异性蓝舌病病毒单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

目的：制备群特异性抗蓝舌病病毒（BTV）单克隆抗体,并对其特性进行鉴定,为建立检测BTV抗原及抗体的ELISA方法奠定基础。方法：用纯化的BTV颗粒为免疫抗原免疫BALB/c鼠,以大肠杆菌表达的VP7蛋白作为筛选抗原,用间接ELISA法筛选杂交瘤细胞株;选取抗体效价最高的一株制备BTV单克隆抗体,以该抗体为捕获抗体与8种不同血清型BTV进行ELISA反应,结果与细胞病变反应进行比对;以该抗体为竞争抗体,与12种不同血清型绵羊BTV抗血清进行竞争ELISA反应,并将结果与参比c-ELISA试剂盒结果进行比对。结果：筛选出5株稳定分泌BTV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,并选其中一株（3E2）制备了高纯度的单克隆抗体;该单抗用于检测不同血清型BTV,与细胞病变反应结果完全相符;用于检测不同血清型绵羊BTV抗血清,其结果与参比c-ELISA试剂盒符合率为100%,与鹿流行性出血热病毒抗原和抗体均无交叉反应。结论：制备的BTV单克隆抗体具有良好的群特异性,可用于检测不同血清型BTV抗原及BTV抗体。     

干扰素刺激基因IFIT1抑制蓝舌病病毒的复制

为了研究干扰素刺激基因1(Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1,IFIT1)在蓝舌病病毒1型（Bluetongue virus serotype 1,BTV1）感染复制过程中的作用,首先利用实时定量PCR检测到BTV1感染绵羊睾丸细胞后IFIT1基因的转录水平明显升高,利用RT-PCR方法扩增获得羊IFIT1基因,测序后进行生物信息学分析,将其克隆到质粒载体pcDNA3.1/（+）上,构建重组表达质粒pcDNA3.1-OV-IFIT1,将其转染BHK-21细胞,观察到IFIT1基因在细胞内的成功表达,然后利用BTV1感染质粒pcDNA3.1-OV-IFIT1转染的细胞,从病毒的mRNA转录、蛋白表达和病毒滴度的变化评价IFIT1对BTV1复制的影响。结果显示,IFIT1在细胞中的过表达可显著抑制BTV1复制,相反,敲低IFIT1的表达可促进BTV1的复制。本研究首次报道了干扰素刺激基因IFIT1在BTV1感染复制过程中的作用,这将有助于揭示BTV1和宿主细胞IFIT1的相互作用机制,同时也为抗病毒药物研发...     

云南省墨江县库蠓中一株西藏环状病毒的分离及全基因组序列分析

西藏环状病毒（Tibet orbivirus,TIBOV）于2009年首次从中国西藏自治区采集的圆斑按蚊中分离出,目前在中国的云南省、广东省、湖南省和临国日本均有分离报道。2017年我们从云南省墨江县采集的库蠓样品中分离到一株病毒（MJC1-7）,接种BHK-21和C6/36细胞后均可产生聚集、皱缩和脱落等明显细胞病变。1%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示,病毒基因组为十节段的双链RNA,呈现“3-3-3-1”的带型。通过病毒全长cDNA扩增和测序获取MJC1-7毒株的全基因组核苷酸序列,病毒基因组全长为19 260 bp（包括编码区18 495 bp和非编码区735 bp）,由Seg-1(3 950 bp)至Seg-10(832 bp)的10个基因节段构成,可编码6 165个氨基酸残基。对环状病毒保守的VP1(Pol)、VP3(T2)和VP7(T13)蛋白氨基酸序列及系统发育分析显示,MJC1-7毒株与TIBOV亲缘关系最近,氨基酸序列相似度为95.4%～99.7%。对决定环状病毒血清型VP2(OC1)蛋白氨基酸序列与系统发育分析显示,MJC1-7与云南（SX-2017a、DH13C120和YN...     

蓝舌病病毒Z1株VP7基因的克隆及序列分析

用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增我国蓝舌病毒Ｚ１株的ＶＰ７基因,直接将其克隆至ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔ载体中,用限制性内切酶ＥｃｏＲＩ分析经蓝／白斑筛选和ＰＣＲ鉴定的重组质粒,用ＤＩＧ标记克隆片段制成探针与病毒基因组进行Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ杂交,证明插入片段为ＢＴＶ ＶＰ７基因特异性片段。采用Ｓａｎｇｅｒ双脱氧终止法测定ｃＤＮＡ片段的核苷酸序列,将这一序列与国外已发表的９株蓝舌病毒及相关的环状病毒的ＶＰ７基因进行了比     

中国蓝舌病病毒流行株血清型实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立与应用

[背景]蓝舌病病毒(Bluetongue virus,BTV)是一种严重危害反刍动物的虫媒病毒,我国存在12种血清型BTV (BTV-l、-2、-3、-4、-5、-7、-9、-12、-15、-16、-21和-24)的流行.[目的]建立12种血清型BTV的RT-qPCR定型方法,为BTV的诊断与流行病学研究提供技术保障....     

蓝舌病病毒4型特异性竞争ELISA检测方法的建立

旨在建立蓝舌病病毒4型(BTV-4)特异性抗体ELISA检测方法,为蓝舌病的免疫学诊断提供新的技术。利用制备的两株抗4型BTV VP2蛋白的单克隆抗体4A-1G7和4B-1B6,建立BTV-4特异性竞争ELISA抗体检测方法。利用该方法同时对50份羊和牛BTV阴性血清进行检测,分别确定两种方法阻断率临界值为49%和40%。利用标准阳性血清检测的试验结果表明,该方法的敏感性、特异性和重复性符合OIE通用标准。同时,4A-1G7和4B-1B6两种竞争ELISA方法联合作用,可以检测感染4、18和20型BTV的血清。研究结果为建立以上各型BTV的检测方法提供了基础。     

一株抗蓝舌病病毒8型VP2蛋白单克隆抗体识别的线性抗原表位的鉴定

为研究本实验室制备的一株抗蓝舌病病毒8型(BTV-8)VP2蛋白的单克隆抗体(MAb)3G11识别的B细胞抗原表位,利用噬菌体肽库展示技术对3G11识别的抗原表位进行筛选并鉴定。经过4轮淘选后挑取蓝斑测序,测序结果经分析后获得KLLAT序列,与BTV-8 VP2蛋白氨基酸序列比对后获得共同的短肽序列为283LL284;合成4种短肽序列:KLLAA、KALAT、KLAAT和KLLAT,与3G11细胞上清和腹水分别进行间接ELISA鉴定,结果表明,短肽KLLAA和KLLAT与3G11细胞上清及腹水具有较强的结合能力;与24种BTV标准阳性血清反应结果表明,这两种短肽都可与BTV-8阳性血清发生特异性反应;序列分析结果可见,该表位的氨基酸序列283LL284在不同来源的BTV-8毒株间保守,确定283LL284为MAb3G11识别抗原表位的关键氨基酸。本研究为建立8型BTV特异性的免疫学检测方法和相关病毒蛋白的功能研究奠定了基础。     

猪1型圆环病毒全基因组克隆及其感染性初步鉴定

猪圆环病毒(porcine circovirus,PCV)是由Tis-cher等[1]于1974年在PK-15细胞中发现,当时认为是一种细胞污染物,后被证实为一种新的病毒。病毒粒子为20面体对称,无囊膜,以滚环方式进行复制,可在PK-15细胞上生长但不引起细胞病变。其基因组是一种环状、单股副链DNA,与鸡贫血病毒(chicken anemia virus,CAV)、鹦鹉喙羽病毒(psittacine beak and feather disease circovirus,PBF-DAV)和人的TT病毒(transfusion transmittedvirus,TTV)同属圆环病毒科。猪圆环病毒有两种基因型即:PCV1和PCV2。前者广泛存在于猪源肾细胞中,在猪的组织…     

Breeding sites and species association of the main Bluetongue and Schmallenberg virus vectors,the Culicoides species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), in northern Europe

Several species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) biting midges are biological vectors of bluetongue virus (BTV) and, as recently discovered, Schmallenberg virus (SBV) in northern Europe. Since their recent emergence in this part of the continent, these diseases that affect domestic and wild ruminants have caused considerable economic losses to the sheep and cattle industries. The substrates that are suitable for larval development of the main vector species are still relatively unknown. This study assessed all the substrates present in the immediate surroundings of a Belgian cattle farm and aimed to highlight the main breeding sites of these midge species. A total of 1639 immature Culicoides and 1320 adult specimens belonging to 13 species were found in 15 out of the 43 substrates studied: maize silage residues for C. obsoletus/C. scoticus, old overwintered cattle dung in the meadow for C. chiopterus and C. dewulfi, ground of a flooded meadow, green filamentous algae and underlying substrate, silt from a pond, and ground of hollows caused by the crossing of machines on a dirt track for C. festivipennis, silt from a pond for C. nubeculosus, and ground of a flooded meadow for C. lupicaris. Identification of these micro-habitats and the associations among the species they contain could allow their localization and the development of new strategies of vector control, while preventing the creation of new Culicoides larval micro-habitats. Finally, measures designed to reduce larval populations could improve efficacy of vaccination campaigns against BTV in Europe.     

Bluetongue epidemiology in the Caribbean region: serological and entomological evidence from a pilot study in Barbados

Variation in the percentage of lambs seroconverting to bluetongue viruses was seen between sites and years in Barbados. Transmission at some sites was nearly absent whereas all lambs at one site became seropositive. The agar gel immunodiffusion test for bluetongue gave consistent results in series of serum samples from 112 of 121 sentinel lambs. Collections of biting midges in association with sheep yielded six species: Culicoides insignis Lutz, C. pusillus Lutz, C. phlebotomus (Williston), C. furens (Poey), C. jamaicensis Edwards and C. trilineatus Fox. The first two species comprised 92% of those caught during a sentinel lamb study and were the predominant species trapped for virus isolation. No viruses were recovered from 5517 C. insignis, 614 C. pusillus, three C. trilineatus and two C. furens placed into pools during two brief intensive trapping operations.     

Abundance,diversity and temporal activity of adult Culicoides spp. associated with cattle in West Bengal,India

Relative abundance, species composition and temporal activity of Culicoides midges were studied for a period of 2 years (2012–2014) using suction ultra violet light traps at two sites located in the agriculture heartland of West Bengal, India. Surveillance in close proximity to cattle recorded predominance of five species with C oxystoma and C. peregrinus as the most dominant species followed by C. fulvus, C. innoxius and C. anophelis. The temporal activity of midges was investigated for seven consecutive nights at one site in August-September, 2012 and the predominant species was Culicoides oxystoma followed by Culicoides peregrinus. All of the species exhibited crepuscular activity with their flight activity increasing from dusk to dawn. Engorged adults constituted dominant age group in collections. Studies on population ecology of the adults midges are of considerable importance predicting for the epidemicity of midge-borne diseases in cattle.     

Phylogenetic analysis of Culicoides species from France based on nuclear ITS1-rDNA sequences

Biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) play important roles in the transmission of viral diseases affecting wild and domestic ruminants and horses, including Bluetongue (BT) and African horse sickness (AHS) respectively. In southern Europe, BT has been largely transmitted by the classical Afro-Asian vector Culicoides imicola Kieffer. However, other species such as C. obsoletus Meigen, C. scoticus Downs & Kettle and C. pulicaris Linné may also be involved in BTV transmission. As a consequence of the discovery of C. imicola followed by BTV-2 outbreaks on the island of Corsica in October 2000, further studies on these biting midges have been carried out. To better characterize the evolution and phylogenetic relations of Culicoides, molecular analysis in parallel with a morphology-based taxonomic approach were performed. Phylogenetic analyses of French Culicoides species were undertaken using the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) as a molecular target. This region was shown to be useful in understanding evolutionary and genetic relationships between species. Construction of several trees showed that molecular phylogeny within the genus Culicoides correlates not only with morphological-based taxonomy but also with ecological patterns.     

海南霸王岭发现库蠓属二新种(双翅目:蠓科)

2009年在海南霸王岭(19.0°N,109.0°E)的昆虫调查采集中,采获许多蠓类,经分类研究,发现其中有二种库蠓新种,分别命名为霸王岭库蠓Culicoides bawanglingensis Yu,Wang and Chen,sp.nov.和曲囊库蠓Culicoides reduncutheca Yu,Wang and Tan,sp.nov.。这2种库蠓属新种的模式标本珍藏于医学昆虫标本馆(北京丰台东大街20号,100071)。     

一株牛源阿卡斑病毒的分离鉴定

阿卡斑病毒(Akabane virus,AKV)是能引起牛、绵羊、山羊流产、早产、新生胎儿畸形的虫媒性RNA病毒。为了解家畜虫媒病毒在我国西南边境地区的分布和流行情况,本研究对中缅边境西盟县的52份牛抗凝血和140份血清(牛70份、羊70份)中的蓝舌病病毒(Bluetongue virus,BTV)、鹿流行性出血热病毒(Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus,EHDV)、AKV等虫媒病毒进行检测与分离,通过ELISA及qRT-PCR方法检测病毒,通过核酸阳性抗凝血接种BHK细胞传代以分离病毒,通过设计特异性引物,扩增分离毒株S基因721bp片段及M基因816bp片段,通过克隆测序及中和试验以鉴定病毒,最终从38号牛的抗凝血中分离到一株AKV,TCID50为10-3.5/0.1mL,经比对,分离株S片段与日本KS-2/Mo/06毒株亲缘关系最近,核苷酸同源性为97.66%,M片段与中国DHL10M110毒株亲缘关系最近,核苷酸同源性为96.56%。本研究首次报告了从云南边境地区牛群中分离到AKV,证实了西南边境存在AKV的流行,为AKV在我国的流行病学和边境地区疫病风险防控提供了重要参考及有力依据。     

A Pair of Novel Primers for Universal Detection of the NS1 Gene from Various Bluetongue Virus Serotypes

Twenty five serotypes of Bluetongue virus （BTV） have been identified worldwide. Rapid and reliable methods of virus universal detection are essential for fighting against bluetongue （BT）. We have therefore developed and evaluated a pair of primers which can detect various serotypes of BTV by RT-PCR. Analysis of the viral protein 7 （VP7） and the non-structural protein （NS1） gene from different serotypes of BTV by DNAstar showed that the 5＇end of the NS1 gene is the most conserved region. The primer pairs （P1 and P2） were designed based on the highly conserved region of NS 1. The novel primers were evaluated by detecting BTV serotypes 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 11, 21 and 22. The specificity of the primers was estimated by comparing to gene sequences of viruses published in GenBank, and further assessed by detecting BTV serotype 1-12 and Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus （EHDV） serotype 1-4. The sensitivity and repeatability of PCR with the novel primers were evaluated by successfully detecting the recombinant plasmid pGEM-T121 containing the diagnosed nucleotide sequence. Our results suggest that these unique primers can be used in high throughout and universal detection of the NS1 gene from various BTV serotypes     

黑龙江省库蠓属屋室亚属一新种（双翅目：蠓科）

报道采自黑龙江省库蠓属屋室亚属一新种;无齿库蠓Culicoides(Oecacta)un-dentaris,sp.nov,模式标本保存于沈阳军区军事医学研究所。     

Isolation of Tibet orbivirus,TIBOV, from Culicoides Collected in Yunnan,China

We isolated a novel virus strain (YN12246) from Culicoides spp. specimens collected at the China-Laos-Myanmar border in southern Yunnan Province. This virus had a cytopathic effect (CPE) on both insect cells (C6/36) and mammalian cells (BHK-21). Electron microscopy revealed the structure of the virions to be spherical with a diameter of 75 nm. Polyacrylamide gel analysis demonstrated that the viral genome consisted of 10 segments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), with a distribution pattern of 3-3-3-1. The coding sequences of 9 genome segments of YN12246 (Seg1, Seg3-Seg10) were obtained by high-throughput sequencing and Sanger sequencing. Comparisons of conserved genome segments 1 and 3 (Seg1 and Seg3), encoding the polymerase-VP1 and sub-core T2 protein, respectively, showed that YN12246 groups with the Culicoides-borne orbiviruses. The highest levels of sequence identity were detected between YN12246 and Tibet orbivirus (TIBOV), indicating that they belong to the same virus species (with amino acid identity of 98.8% and 96.4% for the polymerase and T2 protein, respectively). The data presented here confirm that YN12246 is a member of the TIBOV species, which was first isolated from mosquitoes in 2009. This is the first report of the isolation of TIBOV from Culicoides.