干旱条件下冬小麦不同叶龄叶绿素荧光及叶黄素循环组分的变化

干旱条件下冬小麦叶片光化学效率的降低伴随着叶黄素循环组分玉米黄质含量的增加。干旱初期,Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ的降低约在暗置这夜后完全恢复。当干旱诱导的玉米黄质含量的增加达最大值时,Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ不可逆下降,Ｆｏ上升,表明发生了光破坏。与老叶相比,干旱条件下功能叶具有较高的玉米黄质含量,对光破坏的抗性较强。推测干旱条件下老叶不可逆衰老与其依赖于叶黄素循环的耗散过剩光能能力的下降有关。     

干旱胁迫下大豆与玉米中叶片光破坏的防御

随干旱强度的增加,大豆叶片光呼吸速率（Ｐｒ）降低的幅度小于Ｐｎ使Ｐｒ／Ｐｎ经率升高。在轻度及中度干旱下,ＰＳⅡ光化学效率（Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ）能在暗置后较快地恢复。随干旱强度的增加,叶片光化学猝灭系数下降,非光化学猝灭系数升高。干旱使叶片β－胡萝卜素及紫黄质含量下降,而玉米黄质含量（Ｚ）与叶黄素库增加。与大豆相比,玉米在干旱条件下具有较高的Ｚ含量的较大的叶黄素库。     

光胁迫下银杏光合作用的光抑制

自然条件下晴天银杏叶片光系统Ⅱ光化学效率表现明显日变化。上午Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ随光照的增强而降低,至１４：００左右达最低值。其后随着光强的减弱Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ缓慢恢复。一天中叶黄素循环关键组分玉米黄质（Ｚ）含量与Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ呈负相关,用二硫苏糖醇（ＤＴＴ）阻断Ｚ的形成后,光抑制程度大大加深。结果表明与叶黄素循环有关的非辐射能量耗散的增加是产生光抑制的原因之一。强光处理前饲喂Ｄ１蛋白合成抑制剂林可霉素（ＬＭ）,ＦＶ     

外源药剂处理对玉米叶黄素循环与非辐射能量耗散的影响

利用ＡｓＡ、ＤＴＴ和ＮＡＤＰＨ溶液处理离体玉米叶片,对其叶黄素循环和非辐射能量耗散都可产生一定的影响。２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＡｓＡ可促进紫黄质（Ｖ）向单珏氧玉米黄质（Ａ）至玉米黄质（Ｚ）的转化,ＮＰＱ值和Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ均相应增加,但是生成的Ｚ在强光下（〉６５０μｍｏｌ ｍ＾－２ｓ＾－１）很容易达到饱和,５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＤＴＴ可明显抑制Ｚ的增加,但对Ａ的影响很小,同时玉米叶片的ＮＰＱ值和Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ均显著下降     

干旱胁迫下大豆与玉米叶片光破坏的防御

随干旱强度的增加,大豆叶片光呼吸速率（Pr）降低的幅度小于Pn,使Pr／Pn比率升高。在轻度及中度干旱下,PSII光化学效率（Fv／Fm）能在暗置后较快地恢复。随干旱强度的增加,叶片光化学猝灭系数下降,非光化学猝死系数升高。干旱使叶片β－胡萝卜素及紫黄质含量下降,而玉米黄质含量（Z）与叶黄素库增加。与大豆相比,玉米在干旱条件下具有较高的Z含量和较大的叶黄素库。     

田间棉花叶片光合效率中午降低的原因

田间棉花叶片在受到中午强光或模拟的中午强光照射约３ｈ以后,光合效率和光系统Ⅱ的光化学效率（Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ）下降,光呼吸速率增加,并且普通空气条件下测定的光合效率的降低幅度总是大于Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ的降低幅度。然而,若抑制叶片的光呼吸,强光引起的叶片光合效率的降低幅度与Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ的基本一致。这些结果说明,光合作用的光抑制和光呼吸的增强是棉花叶片光合效率中午降低的两个基本原因。     

强光及活性氧对大豆光合作用的影响

利用叶绿素荧光技术研究了强光及活性氧对大豆（ Ｇｌｙｃｉｎｅ ｍａｘ Ｌ．） 光合作用的影响。结果表明,大豆叶片在强光（２０００ μｍｏｌ·ｍ － ２·ｓ－ １） 下照射２ ｈ 后,净光合放氧速率下降。随着处理光强的增加,叶绿素荧光参数Ｆｍ／Ｆｏ、Ｆｖ／ Ｆｍ 、ΦＰＳⅡ、ｑＰ 和ｑＮ 均呈下降趋势。在强光处理大豆叶片时,加入外源活性氧Ｈ２Ｏ２ 、Ｏ－·２ 、·ＯＨ 和１Ｏ２ 后,大豆叶片受到伤害。其中１Ｏ２ 和·ＯＨ 的破坏作用十分明显,表现为Ｆｖ／ Ｆｍ 和ΦＰＳⅡ的明显降低。抗氧化剂ＤＡＢＣＯ、甘露醇、抗坏血酸和组氨酸对强光下的大豆叶片有保护作用,但这种保护作用不强。在暗处理叶片时,超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的抑制剂ＤＤＣ对Ｆｍ／ Ｆｏ 和Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ 的影响不大;抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ＡＰＸ） 的抑制剂ＮａＮ３ 使Ｆｖ／Ｆｏ、Ｆｖ／ Ｆｍ和ΦＰＳⅡ下降明显。强光处理大豆叶片时,ＤＤＣ明显降低Ｆｍ／ Ｆｏ、Ｆｖ／ Ｆｍ 和ΦＰＳⅡ,ＮａＮ３ 降低Ｆｍ／ Ｆｏ、Ｆｖ／ Ｆｍ 和ΦＰＳⅡ的作用则更大。据此推测,在强光下大豆发生了光抑制,光抑制的发生与活性氧的存在有一定的关系     

念珠藻葛仙米叶绿素荧光与水分胁迫的关系

在渗透系统中,念珠藻葛仙米因轻微失水而叶绿素的Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ上升,水势继续降低时Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ快速下降。衬质系统和自然失水的影响相似,藻体在失去总水分的９４％以后Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ开始下降,此前水分的丢失对Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ比值的上升稍有促进和。干燥藻体吸水后Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ的恢复速率随着贮藏时间的延长而下降,并且Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ的恢复对光和蛋白南的重新合成有依赖性。ＤＣＭＵ虽然也抑制Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ的恢复,但可逆转。     

低温强光下籼粳稻紫黄质脱环氧化酶活性和类囊体膜脂不饱和度的变化

为了阐明籼稻(Oryza sativa L.spp.indica)、粳稻(O.sativa L.spp.japonica)对低温强光敏感件的差异,着重研究了低温强光下水稻类囊体膜脂不饱和度与叶黄素循环的变化。随着低温强光处理时间的延长,类囊体膜脂不饱和脂肪酸含量降低,饱和脂肪酸含量增加,因而膜脂不饱和指数(IUFA)下降。同时,叶黄素循环的关键酶——紫黄质脱环氧化酶(VDE)活性降低,叶黄素循环组分中紫黄质(V)含量增加,而单环氧玉米黄质(A)和玉米黄质(Z)的含量减少,表现为(A Z)／(A Z V)比值下降。Arrhenius分析证明,VDE对低温和膜脂不饱和度都敏感。相关分析表明,类囊体IUFA分别与VDE活性、(A Z)／(A Z V)和D1蛋白量呈显著的正相关。与粳稻9516相比,籼稻汕优63类囊体膜的IUFA较低,低温下类囊体膜脂流动性和稳定性较筹,VDE活性和(A Z)／(A Z V)比值较低。     

高强光下SO^2—3和F^—对盐藻叶绿素荧光特性的影响

高强光下，盐藻以５０ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１和ＳＯ６２－３和Ｆ＾－处理１ｈ后，其体内ＭＤＡ含量上升，ＳＯＤ活性，Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ，Ｆｖ／Ｆｏ，ＰＳⅡ电子传递活性和游离－ＳＨ含量均下降；２．以ＳＯ＾２－３处理后转置于低强江下３ｈ，ＤＮＡ含量下降，Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ，Ｆｖ／Ｆｏ，ΦＰＳⅡ和ＳＯＤ活性回升，游离－ＳＨ含量增加，暗下不能恢复；９３０以Ｆ＾－处理后无论在低强江或暗下上述指标都不能恢复，甚至继续发展。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.