枇杷生物技术研究进展(综述)

本文从组织培养、种质离体保存、原生质体培养及分子标记等方面,综述枇杷生物技术研究的主要进展,并提出有待继续研究的相关问题。     

西番莲生物技术研究进展(综述)

本文综述近年来西番莲组织培养、原生质体培养以及基因工程的研究进展,并提出应用前景。     

茄子生物技术研究进展

茄子（Solanum melongena L)是茄科茄属植物,自从1969年首次用合子胚诱导产生愈伤组织,并分化成小植株以来,国内外在茄子的组织培养、原生质体培养、体细胞杂交、基因转化等方面的研究越来越多,为茄子的育种提供了新途径。     

我国枣生物技术研究进展

生物技术的发展为枣种质资源的研究、创新及新品种培育提供了更多的途径。本文综述了近年来我国枣生物技术的研究进展,主要包括离体培养、分子标记、基因工程3个方面的内容。目前,生物技术是枣传统育种的有效补充,已成为枣遗传改良、种质资源创新和科学研究的重要技术。     

mang果生物技术研究进展

从Mang果组织培养,基因克隆,遗传转化及分子标记等几个方面概述了近年来芒果生物技术研究的进展。     

甘薯生物技术研究进展

新兴的生物技术为甘薯这一古老的农作物带来了新的发展契机。细胞大规模培养、体细胞融合、基因转导等技术的研究和应用 ,可望从根本上改变甘薯传统的生产和育种模式。本文综合近年来国内外甘薯体细胞胚胎发生、原生质体培养和基因工程等方面的研究进展 ,对影响甘薯体胚发生体系及原生质体再生体系建立的诸多因素进行了详细论述 ,讨论了甘薯基因工程研究的应用潜力和目前存在的一些问题。     

甘薯生物技术研究进展

新兴的生物技术为甘薯这一古老的农作物带来了新的发展契机。细胞大规模培养、体细胞融合、基因转导等技术的研究和应用,可望从根本上改变甘薯传统的生产和育种模式。本文综合近年来国内外甘薯体细胞胚胎发生、原生质体培养和基因工程等方面的研究进展,对影响甘薯体胚发生体系及原生质体再生体系建立的诸多因素进行了详细论述,讨论了甘薯基因工程研究的应用潜力和目前存在的一些问题。     

荔枝生物技术研究进展（综述）

从荔枝的组织培养、花药培养和原生质体培养方面综述荔枝生物技术的研究概况,并提出该领域存在问题及发展方向。     

生物技术在辣椒育种研究上的应用

综述了国内外组织及器官培养、分子标记和基因工程三大生物技术在辣椒育种的研究与利用，并进行了展望。     

中国水仙生物技术研究进展

中国水仙是我国传统名花,其栽培中一直存在三个问题:品种单一、繁殖速度有限、病毒积累严重。生物技术的发展为解决中国水仙目前存在的问题提供了新的途径,将成为中国水仙遗传改良、种质资源创新的重要手段。该文从四个方面综述了近年来中国水仙生物技术的研究进展:(1)离体培养;(2)基因工程;(3)离体突变体筛选;(4)分子标记。     

Targeted cybridization in citrus: transfer of Satsuma cytoplasm to seedy cultivars for potential seedlessness

CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility) can be controlled by the mitochondrion genome in higher plants, including Satsuma mandarin. Somatic fusion experiments in citrus combining embryogenic callus protoplasts of one parent with leaf protoplasts of a second parent often produce cybrid plants of the leaf parent, a phenomenon occurring most often with interspecific fusion combinations. In an attempt to practically exploit this cybridization phenomenon, we conducted somatic fusion experiments combining embryogenic suspension-derived protoplasts of Satsuma mandarin, Citrus unshiu Marc. cv. Guoqing No. 1 (G1), a male-sterile cultivar, with leaf protoplasts of other seedy types—Hirado Buntan Pink pummelo (HBP) [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck], Sunburst mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco), Orie Lee hybrid (C. reticulata cv. Clementine × Murcott tangor), and Murcott tangor [C. reticulata × C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck], respectively—in an attempt to generate seedless cybrids by the targeted transfer of CMS. The genetic identities of regenerated plants from all four parental combinations were determined by flow cytometry, SSR, CAPS (or PCR-RFLP), RFLP, and chloroplast-SSR analyses. Regenerated plants from the first three parental combinations were diploids, and the cybrid nature of G1 + HBP with the mitochondrion genome from G1 and the chloroplast genome from HBP was confirmed, whereas the cybrid nature of the remaining two combinations was difficult to confirm because of the close phylogenetic relatedness of both fusion parents, as expected. Plants from G1 + Murcott were confirmed as tetraploid somatic hybrids. This is the first report of targeted citrus cybrid production by symmetric fusion with male-sterile Satsuma as the callus parent and other seedy cultivars as the leaf parents.Abbreviations CAPS: Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence - CMS: Cytoplasmic male sterility - cp-SSR: Chloroplast simple sequence repeat - PEG: Polyethylene glycol - SSR: Simple sequence repeat - RFLP: Restriction fragment length polymorphism Communicated by G.C. Phillips     

植物维生素E合成及其生物技术改良

维生素E是一种抗氧化剂 ,对植物、动物和人类自身都具有十分重要的作用 ,而植物则是人类维生素E的主要来源 ,因此克隆植物中维生素E合成的相关酶基因 ,对维生素E含量进行改良 ,具有重要意义。对植物中维生素E的合成途径 ,相关酶基因的克隆以及用生物技术的方法对维生素E含量进行遗传改良进行了综述。     

竹子分子生物学研究进展(英文)

对2003年以来的竹子分子生物学研究进展进行了综述,包括现代分子手段在竹子分类学研究中的开发与应用,鞭芽发育、快速生长、开花、抗逆等相关的重要功能基因研究,基因组测序和转录组测序,遗传转化体系的建立等。这些为今后竹子生物学的研究提供了依据。     

GISH,AFLP and PCR-RFLP analysis of an intergeneric somatic hybrid combining Goutou sour orange and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Poncirus trifoliata</Emphasis>

Intergeneric somatic hybrids combining Goutou sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) with trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf] were produced by electrofusion and their genetic inheritance analyzed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Sixteen mini-calluses were obtained after 20 days of culture; they all developed into embryoids on EME500 medium. Following several subcultures on shoot induction medium for a total culture period of 6 months, shoots regenerated. The plants grew vigorously with a well-developed root system and exhibited the trifoliate leaf character of P. trifoliata. Ploidy analysis verified that all of the regenerates were tetraploids (2n=4x=36) as expected. GISH analysis confirmed that 18 chromosomes came from trifoliate orange and the remaining 18 from Goutou sour orange, as with most symmetric somatic hybrid plants; moreover, chromosome translocations were also observed in one plant. AFLP analysis of 16 regenerates and their fusion parents indicated that all of the somatic hybrids except one were genetically uniform. Analysis of the somatic hybrid cytoplasmic genomes with universal primers revealed that their chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) banding patterns were identical to those of the mesophyll parent trifoliate orange, while their mitochondria (mt) genomes were of the callus parent sour orange. The potential of GISH in Citrus somatic hybrid analysis is discussed.The first two authors contributed equally to this paper.     

枣树组织培养研究进展

综述了枣树的器官培养、愈伤组织培养、花药培养、胚与胚乳培养、原生质体培养以及影响枣树组织培养的其他因素。营养器官培养报道的最多,其他外植体的培养相对较少,研究尚处于起步阶段。还针对枣树组织培养存在问题提出了今后的研究方向。     

杨树的组织培养及其基因工程研究

杨树是林木基因工程的模式植物,在其组织培养过程中,试管苗的再生不仅与植株的基因型,年龄及组织的来源,状态等有关,还受许多外界因素如盐浓度及激素的种类与配比的影响,在杨树的转化过程中,DNA直接转移法和农杆菌介导法都有应用,但后者较为常用,组织培养及转化技术的日趋成熟,为杨树基因工程奠定了良好基础,本文对杨树组织培养,DNA转化方法及其基因工程进行了较为系统的概述。     

Studies on Screening Freezing-resistant Regenerated Plants from X-ray Irradiated Citrus Protoplasts

The response of cell division in the "Page" ( Citrus reticulata Blanco Ï C. grandis Osb. er. Page) protoplasts from embryonic callus to radiation challenge varied with the intensity of the X-ray dose charged. When the protoplasts were irradiated with a dose of 4128 C/kg failure of cell division was completely irreversible, those after 2064 C/kg treatment revealed low frequenee of cell division. Those after treatment with 1161 C/kg of X-ray and kept at - 11 ℃ gave off a 10.2% ~16.9% frequence of division. Some of those viable protoplasm developed into embryoids from which plantlets were regenerated. The LT50 of the leaf protoplasts in 2 of the regenerated plants was markedly lower than that in the controls.     

柑桔属植物中香豆素类化合物研究进展

本文就柑桔属中的香豆素类化合物的结构及其药理活性进行了概述。