TDZ对苹果叶片离体再生不定芽的效应

以苹果叶片再生不定芽效率为评价指标,ＴＤＺ的细胞分裂素活性比ＢＡ高一个数量级。在０．４－６．０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１范围内ＴＤＺ浓度对新乔纳金苹果叶片再生芽效率没有显著影响。ＴＤＺ和ＢＡ交替使用可提高苹果吉片再生不定芽效率。     

TDZ对苹果叶片离体再生不定芽的效应(简报)

以苹果叶片再生不定芽效率为评价指标,TDZ的细胞分裂素活性比BA高一个数量级。在0.4～6.0mg·L－1范围内,TDD浓度对新乔纳金苹果叶片再生芽效率没有显著影响。TDZ和BA交替使用,可提高苹果叶片再生不定芽效率。     

枣树离体叶片不定芽再生体系建立的研究

建立了木枣无菌试管苗快繁体系,以无菌苗叶片为外植体,对影响离体叶片不定芽直接再生的因素进行了研究.试验结果表明,TDZ比BA能更有效地诱导叶片不定芽的再生;褐化是抑制不定芽再生频率提高的关键因子,培养基中添加PVP、V c及改变生长素的种类和浓度均不能促进不定芽再生;添加A gNO3能够减轻褐化并可以大幅度提高再生频率,同时培养初期经过3周避光培养更有利于提高再生效率.因此,以附加2.0 m g/L TDZ和0.2 m g/L IBA的M S培养基,并添加5.0 m g/L A gNO3,可以高效诱导木枣离体叶片不定芽再生,再生频率最高达98.3%.不定芽在附加0.2 m g/L IBA和0.5 m g/L GA3的M S培养基上进行继代伸长培养,当不定芽长至3 cm时,转接至附加0.4 m g/L IBA的1/2 M S培养基上可以良好地诱导生根.     

黑莓品种‘Arapaho’离体叶片不定芽诱导影响因素分析及再生体系建立

以黑莓(Rubus spp.)品种‘Arapaho’无菌苗叶片为外植体,通过正交和单因素实验分别研究了基本培养基类型、6-BA和1BA质量浓度以及暗培养时间、外植体的叶位和接种方式对不定芽诱导的影响,并研究了IBA质量浓度对不定芽生根的影响;在此基础上,初步建立了黑莓品种‘Arapaho’离体叶片的再生体系.正交实验结果表明:基本培养基类型对叶片不定芽诱导率及平均不定芽数的影响最大,而IBA质量浓度对叶片不定芽诱导率及6-BA质量浓度对平均不定芽数的影响较小;适宜‘Arapaho’叶片不定芽诱导的最佳培养基为含有2.0mg·L-16-BA和1.0 mg·L-1IBA的MS培养基.单因素实验结果表明:暗培养时间、外植体的叶位及接种方式对不定芽诱导率有显著影响;最适宜的暗培养时间为21 d;植株中、上部叶片的再生能力较强,其中第3和第4位叶的不定芽诱导效果最佳;叶面朝上接种更有利于不定芽的诱导.在含0.2 mg·L-1 IBA的MS培养基中,不定芽生根率达100.0％,且根数多、长势良好.黑莓品种‘Arapaho’离体叶片的再生体系为:以无菌苗的第3和第4位叶为外植体,经过适当修剪后叶面朝上接种于含有2.0 mg·L-16-BA和1.0 mg·L-1IBA的MS培养基上,暗培养21 d后置于光照条件下培养30 d;将不定芽转接到含有0.5 mg·L-16-BA和0.3mg·L-1 NAA的MS培养基上进行继代培养;当不定芽高约2 cm时转接到含有0.2 mg·L-1IBA的MS培养基上进行生根培养,最终获得完整植株.     

果树离体叶片培养再生研究进展

从基本培养基的选择、外植体的选择、培养条件、激素和其它添加物的影响等方面综述了有关的研究成果,并提出了存在问题及今后的研究方向。     

枣叶片离体培养再生植株

PlantletRegenerationfromLeavesCulturesofZizyphusiuiubaCHENZong－Li,YANZhi－Lian,QILong（Denyt17mllofmp,You’onl／nll＊,ndy,Yan’as716000）1植物名称枣（凯W…。Wwi）。2材料类别俗名“狗头枣”的无菌试管苗的叶片。3培养条件（l）叶片愈伤组织诱导及继代培养基：MS＋6－BA0．3mg／L（单位下同）＋2,4D20;（2）芽分化培养基：MS＋6－BAI．0＋IBA0．2＋D一泛酸钙1．0十活性发0．5％;（3）芽生长培养基：1／2MS＋6－BA0．2＋IAA0．04＋D一泛酸钙1．0;（4）芽增殖培养基：1／2MS＋6－BA0．4＋IAA0．0…     

沙田柚不同外植体离体培养与植株再生的研究

利用组织培养进行柑桔良种的快速繁殖可以克服常规方法费时的缺点 ,为进一步进行无病原体苗木繁育、诱变育种及遗传转化创造有利条件。目前我国开展此项工作较为广泛 ,已先后在红江橙 [1 ]、柠檬 [2 ]、金柑 [3]、甜橙 [4]及蕉柑 [5]等柑桔类中建立了组织培养的再生体系 ,但在柚类中相关的研究较少。笔者以沙田柚为材料 ,在离体培养条件下 ,成功诱导上下胚轴、根段及子叶的不定芽形成和植株再生。1 　材料与方法1 .1 　植物材料沙田柚种子 ( Citrus grandis Osbeck cv.Shatian Yu)经表面消毒后黑暗培养无菌苗 ,当苗长至 2 0 d左右时 ,将上…     

甜瓜子叶离体培养直接再生不定芽的形态学和解剖学观察

对甜瓜品种“西莫洛托”子叶离体培养直接再生不定芽过程进行了形态学和解剖学观察,结果表明：以子叶远轴面接触培养基培养能直接再生不定芽,以子叶近轴面接触培养基培养只能得到无序组织块;不定芽再生过程中,培养4d时,子叶变绿,但还不见有细胞分裂,约6d时,在子叶外植体的形态学下端切口处的近轴面到有局部的表皮细胞和亚表皮细胞分裂活跃,初步形成了拟分生组织,7－9d时,这些拟分生组织形成了肉眼可见的小突起,10－14d时,这些突起变得狭长,发育成幼叶或叶状体,它们在外植体上成族存在,但此时还没有典型的“芽”结构出现,15－20d时,成族突起形成幼叶丛,一些幼叶和叶状体的近轴面的基部出现叶腋分生组织,这些将外植体转入伸长培养基,3－5d后,幼叶充分展开,成丛叶状,多个叶腋分生组织同时发育成芽,再过2－7d,相继有不定芽从丛叶外植体上伸长,将伸长的不定芽切下,可促使外 植体上的其它不定芽伸长。     

火炬松成熟合子胚离体培养过程中诱导不定芽的影响因素研究

火世松（Pinus taed L）界南方松中最重要的针叶树种之一,在环境保护,园林绿化和林业生产中有重要应用价值。有关火炬松未成熟胚的体细胞胚胎发生和器官发生的研究报道不多,其成熟合子胚的愈伤组织器官发生未见报道。本文以取自湖南省邵阳市林场的火炬松成熟种胚为外植体,在诱导其愈伤组织器官发生的基础上,系统地研究了BA浓度,基本培养基（TE）浓度和不同碳源等对愈伤组织上不定芽的发生和发育的影响,优化了火炬松离体再生的培养条件,为火炬松的无性繁殖技术应用于实验生产奠定了基础。研究结果表明：不同的浓度条件下,4mg/LBA培养基上的不定芽诱导频率和每个胚上的芽平均数最高,分别是76．3％和3．4。火炬松器官发生愈伤组织（Fig.1)上的不定芽形成于愈伤组织表面（Fig.2)。不定芽的发生常不同步（Fig.3)。不定芽在低浓度BA(1-2mg/L）条件下发育较好(Fig.4),在高浓度BA（8－16mg/L）条件下发育减慢（Fig.5),在1mg/LBA条件下伸长生长较快（Fig.6);不同浓度基本培养基的实验结果表明,当基本培养基浓度为1．25TE时,不定芽诱导频率（73．5％）;不同浓度基本培养基的实验结果表明。池基本培养基浓度为0．5或0．75TE时,不定芽基部易形成愈伤组织（Fig.7)。在1．5TE培养基上,不定芽瘦弱且发育缓慢（Fig.8);不同碳源的实验结果表明,以2％的葡萄为碳源时,不定芽的诱导频率和每个胚上的芽平均数均最高,分别是83．7％和5．8。由此可见,4mg/LBA,1.25TE基本培养基和2％葡萄糖可能是构成火炬松成熟合子胚离体高效无性快速繁殖体系的决定性和关键因素。     

细胞分裂素种类及添加量对蓝浆果叶片离体再生的影响

以南方高丛蓝浆果(Vaccinium corymbosum hybrids)品种‘南月’(‘Southmoon’)优选系A18和兔眼蓝浆果(V.ashei Reade)品种‘灿烂’(‘Brightwell’)离体叶片为外植体,研究了培养基中添加不同浓度TDZ(0.5、1.0和2.0mg·L-1)、CPPU(2.0、4.0和8.0 mg·L-1)、ZT(2.0、4.0和8.0 mg·L-1)和2iP(4.0、8.0和16.0 mg·L-1)对叶片不定芽再生的影响.结果表明:在培养基中添加TDZ和CPPU对叶片不定芽的诱导效果优于ZT和2iP,再生率有显著差异(P＜0.05).TDZ诱导不定芽出现所需的时间最短且再生率最高,不定芽密集并呈深绿色;其中,在添加0.5 ～2.0 mg·L-1TDZ的培养基上,A18叶片再生率均为100.00％,‘灿烂’叶片再生率最高达79.17％.CPPU也有较强的诱导能力但不定芽出现所需的时间推迟3～5d,且不定芽的密集程度也有所降低;其中,在添加2.0～8.0 mg·L-1CPPU的培养基上,A18叶片再生率为100.00％～93.75％;而‘灿烂’叶片再生率随CPPU质量浓度提高呈下降趋势(72.91％ ～47.91％).ZT和2iP诱导能力差,在添加不同质量浓度ZT和2iP的培养基上A18和‘灿烂’叶片再生率均为0.00％.此外,A18和‘灿烂’的再生能力有差异,在相同条件下A18叶片的再生能力优于‘灿烂’叶片.研究结果显示:基因型以及培养基中细胞分裂素的种类和添加量是影响不同品种蓝浆果叶片不定芽再生的主要因素.     

乌饭树（Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb.）的民族植物学

论述中国古人本草关于乌饭树（Vaccinium bracteatum THunb.)的名称与药效的记载以及现代对乌饭树及同属植物的研究和利用,认为乌饭树自古以来便是黑色保健食品的原料和滋补强壮药,从其枝叶中提天然黑色素用于保健事业值得进一步开发和利用。     

In vitro adventitious shoot regeneration from leaves of Prunus spp.

A high level of adventitious shoot regeneration was obtained from proliferating shoots in vitro for a range of Prunus spp. There was a significant variability in clone response to a range of adventitious shoot regeneration treatments. Treatment of apricot clone H.152 with Quoirin macroelements (C.R. Rech., Stu. Cult. Fruit. Maraîchères Gemblaux (1977) 93–117), and both apricot clone H.146 and hybrid plum clone P.1869 with half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium, consistently induced regeneration. Thidiazuron (TDZ) alone, or in combination with naptthaleneacetic acid (NAA), was most effective in stimulating adventitious shoot production, the optimum concentration being clone-dependent. Addition of silver nitrate (AgNO₃) to regeneration media enhanced regeneration by 10–40% and reduced the variability between experiments. Regeneration with AgNO₃ was obtained also for three other plum clones belonging to the P. marianna, P. domestica and P. insititia species.     

微波辅射提取乌饭树叶黑色素工艺的研究

在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验,以提取剂乙醇体积分数、固液比、微波功率、微波处理时间为因素,以色素溶液的吸光度为指标进行试验,得到最佳工艺参数:固液比为1:15(g:mL下同),提取液浓度为40%,微波功率300 W和辐照时间60 s.比传统的水提和有机溶液提取得率高很多.     

Effects of X-irradiation on adventitious bud regeneration from in vitro leaf explants of Rosa hybrida

The effectiveness of X-radiation on regeneration of adventitious buds on in vitro leaf explants of three Rosa hybrida L. genotypes was studied. In vitro leaflet explants of roses produced adventitious buds when cultured in the dark for 1 week on Murashige and Skoog (MS) induction medium containing 6.8 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) + 0.49 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and subsequently transferred to MS regeneration medium containing 2.2 μM benzyladenine (BA) + 0.049 μM IBA in the presence of reduced light, at 15 μmol m-2 s-1 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Analysis of radiosensitivity by irradiating leaf explants with increasing doses of X-rays between 25 and 100 Gray (Gy) resulted in a decreasing rate of leaf explants regenerating buds from 47% to 0% respectively. The lethal dose for 50% of the regenerating explants (LD₅₀) in all the three genotypes was estimated to be 25 Gy at a dose rate 2 Gy/s. For the main experiment, doses of 5 and 15 Gy were selected and variations were observed between genotypes. Clone RUI 317 had the highest rate of adventitious bud regeneration, with 83.6% (2.5 buds/explant) at 5 Gy and 64% (1.8 buds/explant) at 15 Gy, compared to 89% (3.4 buds/explant) with the untreated control. Significant differences in the percentage of bud regeneration of the three genotypes were only observed at 15 Gy in comparison to the control and the number of buds formed per regenerating explant varied between 1 to 4. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

香石竹叶片离体再生体系的建立

以香石竹(Dianthus caryophyllus Linn.)无菌苗叶片为外植体,从不同细胞分裂素及其他激素配合使用等方面进行筛选,建立香石竹叶片离体再生体系.结果表明,不同的细胞分裂素影响叶片不定芽分化频率,其中较低浓度的6-BA(0.5 mg·L-1)和TDZ(0.001 mg·L-1)配合使用能有效诱导香石竹叶片不定芽分化;添加一定浓度的PP333(4 mg·L-1)可提高叶片不定芽分化频率和平均芽数.香石竹叶片不定芽分化的适宜培养基为:MS 0.002mg·L-1TDZ 0.5 mg·L-16-BA 0.2 mg·L-1IAA 4 mg·L-1PP333;壮苗培养基为:MS 0.2 mg·L-1 6-BA 0.2 mg·L-1IAA;生根培养基为:1/2 MS.不定芽诱导频率达到42.61%,平均芽数为4.53个.     

菊芋试管苗的初代培养及愈伤组织不定芽诱导

菊芋（Helianthus tuberosus Linn.）为菊科（Asteraceae）向日葵属（Helianthus Linn.）多年生草本植物,耐寒、耐旱、耐贫瘠、耐盐碱[1];其地下块茎富含菊糖,还可通过发酵生产乙醇,在功能性食用多糖及生物能源方面的开发潜力巨大。菊芋主要通过块茎进行无性繁殖,其种子成活率和发芽率均很低[2],严重阻碍了菊芋的杂交育种。近年来以植物组织培养为基础的一系列现代育种技术为菊芋的种质改良提供了新途径,但由于菊芋的愈伤组织难以诱导不定芽或体胚发生,导致以农杆菌转化为主的转基因育种技术的应用受到限制。     

红籽鸢尾高频离体再生条件的初步筛选

红籽鸢尾(Iris foetidissima Linn.)为鸢尾科(Iridaceae)鸢尾属(Iris Linn.)多年生草本植物,原产于西欧和非洲北部。该种的叶鞘呈深绿色剑形,蒴果饱满且蒴果成熟开裂后露出红、橙黄和白等不同色泽的种子并一直垂挂到翌年春天,集观花、观叶和观果为一体,观赏价值较高。另外,该种还具有耐寒性好、在长江中下游地区四季常绿、适应性强及耐粗放管理等优     

Adventitious shoot regeneration fromFagus sylvatica leaf explantsin vitro

Summary Adventitious shoots were induced on transversally divided expanding leaves fromFagus sylvatica shoot cultures of juvenile origin. Adventitious shoot buds formed mainly on callus that developed on the petiole stump or on the cut across the midrib of distal leaf halves. However, sometimes they arose directly from leaf tissue. An anatomical study confirmed both the direct and indirect origin of the adventitious buds. The best results were obtained by culturing proximal leaf sections on woody plant medium supplemented with 2.9 μM indole-3 acetic acid in combination with 8.9 μM benzyladenine or 2.3 μM thidiazuron (TDZ). Proximal explants were more responsive than distal explants in terms of both callus formation and bud regeneration, regardless of the induction medium or clone tested. Bud formation capacity was influenced by the genotype of the stock shoot culture and was enhanced by an initial 10 d darkness, but was inhibited by longer periods of darkness. Caulogenic competence was significantly affected by the duration of exposure to TDZ; in particular, adventitious shoot length was depressed by increasing the exposure period. Three weeks culture with TDZ was the most efficient treatment for shoot production and elongation. Further shoot development was promoted by subculturing the explants to the same medium used for the maintenance of the stock shoot cultures. Shoots so obtained were multiplied and rooted producing plantlets of adventitious origin.     

Adventitious shoot regeneration from in vitro leaves of several pear cultivars (Pyrus communis L.)

An efficient adventitious shoot regeneration system was developed for pear (Pyrus communis L.), using leaves from in vitro proliferating shoots. Under optimal conditions, bud regeneration frequencies of Comice, Passe-Crassane, Williams and Conference ranged from 60% to 97%, with the mean number of shoots per regenerating leaf ranging from 3.2 to 6.6. Despite the great variability in responses of the different cultivars, in general an initial dark exposure of at least 20 days was required. Ammonium and total nitrogen proved to play an essential role: intermediate NH₄ ⁺ concentrations were suitable for regeneration. The balance between NH₄ ⁺ and NO₃ ^- also influenced regeneration; optimal regeneration occured on media with a 1:3 NH₄ ⁺/NO₃ ^- ratio. TDZ at 1 M was less efficient than higher concentrations, whatever the NAA level. Finally, length and growth regulator composition of the two phases (induction and expression) influenced the regeneration rate of Conference.Abbreviations BA 6-benzyladenine - EDFS ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid ferric-sodium salt - IBA 4-indole-3yl-butyric acid - NAA -naphthaleneacetic acid - TDZ thidiazuron (N-phenyl-N-1,2,3-thidiazol-5-ylurea)     

不结球白菜离体培养与植株再生体系研究

以4个不结球白菜品种为试材,对外植体、苗龄、激素的组配、培养基中琼脂和AgNO3浓度等再生因素进行了筛选优化,并探讨了抗坏血酸(AsA)对不结球白菜不定芽分化的影响。结果显示:以4~7d苗龄的带柄子叶为外植体诱导不定芽效果较好;MN培养基中4mg/L6-BA与0.5mg/LNAA的搭配有利于不定芽形成;琼脂的浓度变化对不定芽分化影响较大,以9g/L琼脂为宜;培养基中添加5~7.5mg/L的AgNO3、0.1~0.5mmol/L的AsA可显著提高不定芽的发生频率和质量。通过不定芽继代培养、生根培养和驯化移栽建立了能够获得较高再生频率的不结球白菜离体再生体系。