Morphological studies on the Anopheles punctulatus Dönitz complex

SYNOPSIS An account is given of the member species of the Anopheles punctulatus Dönitz complex viz. A. punctulatus Dönitz, A. koliensis Owen, and 2 species previously recognised as A. farauti Laveran and which are now designated A. farauti No. 1 and A. farauti No. 2. Many of the eggs of A. farauti No. 1 were distinctive but the eggs of the other 3 species were similar. Keys for the identification of larve, pupae and adults are given.     

Studies Towards the Synthesis of Medermycin via Dötz Benzannulation

The C‐arylglycosides are available in enantiomerically pure form via the Dötz benzannulation reaction between Fischer alkenyl chromium carbene complexes and alkynes; it also could be converted to a precursor of medermycin by O‐carbamate directed ipso bromination and nitrile substitution in good overall yields. Chirality 27:18–22, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Jährliche Schwankungen der Individuenzahl in einer nordwestdeutschen trockenen Heide II

Summary The vegetation of a permanent quadrat situated in a Northwest German Calluno-Genistetum typicum community has been analysed every year from 1955 to 1959 (cf. Vegetatio X, p. s53–56, 1961) and again from 1960 to 1964.In the winter of 1955/56, when there were temperatures of –27° and an incomplete snow-cover, Calluna vulgaris had died in large amount. Nevertheless it increased again during the following years. The dry year of 1959 again caused a 35% reduction of this heather, but by 1960/61 a good recovering of Calluna was observed. Again from 1961 to 1964 Calluna decreased from 85% to 30%, but we have no satisfactory explanation for this fact.Probably the decline from 1959 to 1960 of the young plants of Quercus robur has been caused by the cutting off, the reduction from 1962 to 1964 by sheep grazing. The increase from 1960 to 1961 may have been caused by sowing by jays. The sudden appearance of Betula verrucosa and B. pubescens (1961) and their remarkable increase is the result of the invasion of large numbers of seeds and of the small vegetation-cover of the soil, perhaps also the result of the damaging of the cover of heathhumus by the sheep. Certainly the other higher plants have been imported by rabbits or sheep. They partially disappeared again after a few years.Perhaps the dryness of the year 1959 also caused the retrogression of the moss from 1958 (50%) to 1959. Maybe the sheep caused the further diminution of the moss and the decline of the cladonias. As expected, the macrofungi and the thalli of Parmelia physodes f. minor appeared during wet summers in especially great number, while dry periods caused their decay.     

Vielfältiges Leben in Sand und Heide

Excursion in Brandenburg: Species richness in sand heathlands After many decades of an intensive military use, the former military training areas of Eastern Germany play a major role as huge, unfragmented biodiversity hotspots. While intensive agriculture causes a serious threat to many species in our cultural landscape, heathlands and dry grasslands are unique habitats on the nutrient‐poor soils in the “box of sand” of the Mark Brandenburg. But these habitats need a strong conservation management with targeted nursing measures such as removal of shrubs, grazing, soil wounding and controlled burning. However, some forest sites of the military training areas are often suitable for a wilderness development. The Heinz Sielmann Foundation pursues these nature conservation objectives and makes great nature experiences possible in the conservation areas.     

Ueber das Brutleben der Wacholderdrossel,Turdus pilaris, im Gebiet der Rominter Heide

Ohne Zusammenfassungvergl. auch meine Arbeiten: Die Vogelwelt der Rominter Heide und ihrer Randgebiete. Schriften der physikal.-ökon. Gesellsch. zu Königsberg i. Pr. Band 70, 1938, S. 91 und: Weitere Beobachtnngeu über die Vögel der Rominter Heide und ihrer Randgebiete. Ebenda, Bd. 81, S. 367.     

Knöllchenbakterien: Helfer der Landwirtschaft

Knöllchenbakterium – the “microbe of the year” In 2015, the VAAM selected Knöllchenbakterium as “microbe of the year”. Knöllchenbakterium ist a collective term for a number of different bacterial species that are able to establish a root nodule symbiosis with legumes. During nodule development the bacteria differentiate into bacteroids that are confined by an additional membrane. These organelle‐like structures are now called symbiosomes, whose task is to fix molecular nitrogen for the benefit of the plant. In return, the plant has to supply all nutrients. The symbiotic interaction is initiated by a specific signal exchange. The first signals are flavonoids secreted by the plant. This leads to the activation of the bacterial nod genes. The Nod proteins synthesize and secrete Nod factors: modified and fatty acid‐carrying oligosaccharide. They serve as a specific signal to the plant and induce nodule formation. Besides this core signaling, a number of extracellular components, e.g. exopolysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides and secreted proteins influence the symbiotic interaction very specific for each individual system.     

Brutbeobachtungen beim Baumpieper,Anthus t. trivialis, in der Rominter Heide, Ostpr.

Ohne ZusammenfassungAbgeschlossen Ende 1939.