汉坦病毒H8205株G1P基因片段重组杆状病毒表达载体的构建及表达

将汉坦病毒H8205株G1P基因的保守序列(约1000bp)作为目的基因插入到BactoBac杆状病毒表达系统的pFastBacHTb供体质粒中,利用Tn7转座子同BacmidDNA同源重组,获得了含目的基因片段的重组杆状病毒DNA,并利用其转染Sf9昆虫细胞,72h后收集细胞悬液,再用该悬液侵染Sf9昆虫细胞,48h后收获病毒.采用IFA分析收获的产物,观察到了特异性的荧光,并且采用SDSPAGE和Western印迹也获得了与预期一致的结果.证明感染后的Sf9昆虫细胞所表达的蛋白中含有能与抗汉坦病毒H8205株多克隆抗体特异性结合目的蛋白.研究表明,采用杆状病毒表达系统可以成功表达出汉坦病毒H8205株包膜糖蛋白G1基因片段,为开发适合的以G1P为抗原的汉坦病毒诊断试剂进行了前期的探索.     

Optimization of the production of full-length rCD4 in baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells

The baculovirus-insect cell system is reliable in expressing a variety of recombinant proteins. A recombinant baculovirus encoding the full length human CD4 has been used to infect Spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells in 6-L-airlift fermentors. The procedured described in this report permitted a 6.5-fold enhancement of rCD4 expression as compared to standard procedures previously published. The increase of rCD4 expression on the cell surface was achieved by using the following steps: (1) Optimal seeding density of 0.8 x 10(6) cells/mL used to multiply cells at a maximum exponential growth of 4.5 x 10(6); (2) high multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 580 PFU/cell; (3) addition of medium at time of infection. In addition to full-length rCD4, a "short" rCD4 with largely deleted cytoplasmic sequence (last 31 C-terminal amino acids) was also efficiently expressed.     

Purification and Characterization of Aspartic Protease Derived from Sf9 Insect Cells

An aspartic protease that is significantly produced by baculovirus-infected Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 insect cells was purified to homogeneity from a growth medium. To monitor aspartic protease activity, an internally quenched fluoresce (IQF) substrate specific to cathepsin D was used. The purified aspartic protease showed a single protein band on SDS–PAGE with an apparent molecular mass of 40 kDa. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme had a high homology to a Bombyx mori aspartic protease. The enzyme showed greatest affinity for the IQF substrate at pH 3.0 with a K _m of 0.85 μM. The k _cat and k _cat?K _m values were 13 s^?1 and 15 s^?1 μM^?1 respectively. Pepstatin A proved to be a potent competitive inhibitor with inhibitor constant, K _i, of 25 pM.     

Stable cell lines expressing baculovirus P35: resistance to apoptosis and nutrient stress, and increased glycoprotein secretion

Summary The baculovirus P35 protein is a caspase inhibitor that prevents the induction of apoptosis during infection of Sf21 cells byAutographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). P35 inhibits the induction of apoptosis in a broad range of cells and circumstances. In this study, we examined the effects of constitutive cellular P35 expression on the response of cells to stressful culture conditions and on protein production in AcMNPV infected cells. Sf9 cell lines expressing AcMNPV P35 or an epitope-tagged P35 protein were generated using a double selection technique, involving selection in the antibiotic G418, followed by a second round of selection by exposure to actinomycin D, a potent inducer of apoptosis in Sf9 cells. Clonal cell lines were generated and examined for (1) resistance to actinomycin D induced apoptosis, (2) resistance to nutrient deprivation, and (3) baculovirus expression of intracellular and secreted proteins. When compared with Sf9 cells, two P35-expressing cell lines (Sf9^P35AcV5-1 and Sf9^P35AcV5-3) showed increased resistance to actinomycin D-induced apoptosis and a profound resistance to nutrient deprivation. When these cell lines were infected with a recombinant baculovirus expressing a secreted glycoprotein (secreted alkaline phosphatase), expression of the glycoprotein from these cells exceeded that from the parental Sf9 cells and was comparable to expression levels obtained from Tn5B1-4 cells, the best available cell line for high-level expression. Increased levels of protein secretion in Sf9^P35AcV5-1 and Sf9^P35AcV5-3 cells appear to result from a prolonged infection cycle and accumulation of the secreted glycoprotein.     

重组杆状病毒细小VP2蛋白40L生物反应器放大工艺研究

研究了Sf9细胞生产重组杆状病毒细小VP2蛋白在机械搅拌式生物反应器(STR)中从3L至40L的放大工艺。首先在3L反应器中,通过DO和搅拌转速的优化,使反应器中的VP2蛋白HA效价不低于摇瓶结果。在40L反应器放大时,温度、p H、DO保持不变,根据输入搅拌功率、体积溶氧系数和叶尖线速度等工程参数的计算,得到了该反应器的合理搅拌转速,最终HA效价测定结果与小罐一致。豚鼠免疫试验证实,反应器中表达的VP2蛋白制成疫苗,与HN2011灭活苗及商品化灭活疫苗相比,抗体水平上升较快且高于传统灭活苗。     

Effect of CO2 on uninfected Sf‐9 cell growth and metabolism

A problem in the mass production of recombinant proteins and biopesticides using insect cell culture is CO₂ accumulation. This research investigated the effect of elevated CO₂ concentration on insect cell growth and metabolism. Spodoptera frugiperda Sf‐9 insect cells were grown at 20% air saturation, 27^°C, and a pH of 6.2. The cells were exposed to a constant CO₂ concentration by purging the medium with CO₂ and the headspace with air. The population doubling time (PDT) of Sf‐9 cells increased with increasing CO₂ concentration. Specifically, the PDT for 0‐37, 73, 147, 183, and 220 mm Hg CO₂ concentrations were 23.2 ± 6.7, 32.4 ± 7.2, 38.1 ± 13.3, 42.9 ± 5.4, and 69.3 ± 35.9 h (n = 3 or 4, 95% confidence level), respectively. The viability of cells in all experiments was above 90%, i.e., while increased CO₂ concentrations inhibited cell growth, it did not affect cell viability. The osmolality for all bioreactor experiments was observed to be 300–360 mOsm/kg, a range that is known to have a negligible effect on insect cell culture. Elevated CO₂ concentration did not significantly alter the cell specific glucose consumption rate (2.5–3.2 × 10^?17 mol/cell s), but slightly increased the specific lactate production rate from ?3.0 × 10^?19 to 10.2 × 10^?19 mol/cell s. Oxidative stress did not contribute to CO₂ inhibition in uninfected Sf‐9 cells as no significant increase in the levels of lipid hydroperoxide and protein carbonyl concentrations was discovered at elevated CO₂ concentration. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:465–469, 2016     

Metabolic flux model for an anchorage-dependent MDCK cell line: characteristic growth phases and minimum substrate consumption flux distribution

Up to now cell-culture based vaccine production processes only reach low productivities. The reasons are: (i) slow cell growth and (ii) low cell concentrations. To address these shortcomings, a quantitative analysis of the process conditions, especially the cell growth and the metabolic capabilities of the host cell line is required. For this purpose a MDCK cell based influenza vaccine production process was investigated. With a segregated growth model four distinct cell growth phases are distinguished in the batch process. In the first phase the cells attach to the surface of the microcarriers and show low metabolic activity. The second phase is characterized by exponential cell growth. In the third phase, preceded by a change in oxygen consumption, contact inhibition leads to a decrease in cell growth. Finally, the last phase before infection shows no further increase in cell numbers. To gain insight into the metabolic activity during these phases, a detailed metabolic model of MDCK cell was developed based on genome information and experimental analysis. The MDCK model was also used to calculate a theoretical flux distribution representing an optimized cell that only consumes a minimum of carbon sources. Comparing this minimum substrate consumption flux distribution to the fluxes estimated from experiments unveiled high overflow metabolism under the applied process conditions.     

杂交瘤细胞的代谢流量分析

应用代谢流量平衡模型定量分析了杂交瘤细胞的代谢流量分布。结果表明,在连续培养的杂交瘤细胞中,当葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺的流加浓度分别为13.8和2.6 mmol·L^-1时,86.2%的葡萄糖通过糖酵解生成乳酸,7.5%的生成脂类,进入TCA循环的仅占0.83%;谷氨酰胺中的氮有3%用于核酸的合成,54.5%生成氨,另有38.2%生成非必需氨基酸,碳骨架61.6%生成非必需氨基酸,34.1%进入TCA循环。     

利用Bac-to-Bac系统表达棉蚜的乙酰胆碱酯酶

Bac-to-Bac昆虫杆状病毒表达系统是一种高效真核表达系统。采用重组DNA技术构建棉蚜乙酰胆碱酯酶1(AChE1)表达质粒,应用该系统在昆虫Sf9细胞系中成功表达了棉蚜的AChE1。表达的AChE以可溶性形式释放于细胞培养液中,对其自然底物类似物ATChI的Km值为(144·5±28·6)μm;对抗蚜威、唑蚜威、氧化乐果和灭赐松等4种杀虫剂的敏感性指数(Ki值)分别为513、1883、5和23(mM·min)-1,与文献报道的测定结果基本一致。昆虫细胞被重组病毒感染后第2~3天所得产物的活性最高;该产物在-20℃保存90d后活性没有明显下降,4℃保存60d后下降40%,室温(22℃)保存7d后即下降70%。     

A cell sorting protocol for selecting high-producing sub-populations of Sf9 and High Five™ cells

Insect cell lines such as Sf9 and High Five™ have been widely used to produce recombinant proteins mostly by the lytic baculovirus vector system. We have recently established an expression platform in Sf9 cells using a fluorescence-based recombinase mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) strategy which has similar development timelines but avoids baculovirus infection. To expedite cell engineering efforts, a robust fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) protocol optimized for insect cells was developed here. The standard sorting conditions used for mammalian cells proved to be unsuitable, resulting in post-sorting viabilities below 10% for both cell lines. We found that the extreme sensitivity to the shear stress displayed by Sf9 and High Five™ cells was the limiting factor, and using Pluronic F-68 in the cell suspension could increase post-sorting viabilities in a dose dependent manner. The newly developed protocol was then used to sort stable populations of both cell lines tagged with a DsRed-expressing cassette. Before sorting, the average fluorescence intensity of the Sf9 cell population was 3-fold higher than that of the High Five™ cell population. By enriching with the 10% strongest DsRed-fluorescent cells, the productivity of both cell populations could be successfully improved. The established sorting protocol potentiates the use of RMCE technology for recombinant protein production in insect cells.     

代谢工程在微生物法生产番茄红素中的应用

番茄红素作为强抗氧化剂因具有防癌与抗癌等多种生理功能而广受关注。本文综述了代谢工程在微生物法生产番茄红素中的应用,主要讨论了代谢工程方法在扩展构建新的代谢流、增强番茄红素合成代谢流,阻断竞争支路来提高番茄红素代谢流等方面的应用。